Sustainable City and

Architecture Design

PHY121 Project2008 Summer

Yuna Kubota

Index• Cities must be Sustainable• Compact city

– Connection of the Compact Nodes– Energy Reduce– Compact City Example 1– Compact City Example 2

• Reduce Energy Consumption– City’s Outline– Natural Ventilation for a building

• Adoption of Reproducible Energy– Solar-Powered City– Wind power

• Conceptual Appeal– Sustainable Appealing

• Bibliography

Cities must be sustainable

More than three quarters of the world’s population will have lived in cities by 2050.* If

the cities are sustainable it would greatly affect the earth’s environment. So architects and city planners can considerably contribute to help to

prevent pollution and improve our planet’s environment as well as government. All cities

must be sustainable for future.

*: Rogers, Richard, and Philip Gumuchdjian. Cities for a Small Planet (In Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima Shuppankai, 2002 (1996). p4. Translated by Yashiro, Tomoya, Wada, Atsushi, and

Takaharu, Tezuka.

Compact CityCompact and mix-used city reduces transportation.

• Zoning of functions makes people depend their

transportation on private cars.

• Compact nodes can reduce car uses and people can walk or use bicycles in the community.

Rogers, Richard, and Philip Gumuchdjian. Cities for a Small Planet (In Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima Shuppankai, 2002 (1996). p39. Translated by Yashiro, Tomoya, Wada, Atsushi, and Takaharu, Tezuka.

Residence

Entertainment

Job

Residence

Entertainment

Job

Distance we need cars

Walk-able bicycle-able distance

Connection of Compact nodesThe compact nodes can be joined with mass public

transportation, like trains.

• Open linear system • Closed looping system

Rogers, Richard, and Philip Gumuchdjian. Cities for a Small Planet (In Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima Shuppankai, 2002. 39. Translated by Yashiro, Tomoya, Wada, Atsushi, and Takaharu, Tezuka.

Energy ReduceCompact city also can reduce energy consumption.

Rogers, Richard, and Philip Gumuchdjian. Cities for a Small Planet (In Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima Shuppankai, 2002 (1996). p51. Translated by Yashiro, Tomoya, Wada, Atsushi, and Takaharu, Tezuka.

Conventional System Power is generated far to a city

Compact SystemPower is generated in the district, so heat of secondary product can also be used.

CHPs supplies heat and electricity to the region. (heat will not be wasted)

CHPs can turn refuse to energy.

Compact and Mix-used City ExampleRiverParc project in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, 2006

Behnisch Architekten

• The Small neighborhood of 6

acres with about 700 residence units, hotel, art venue, retails, offices, variety of parks etc.

• People can satisfy their daily necessities including their jobs in the only two-block walk-able neighborhood without car.

• The big Eighth Street is paved for pedestrian as a community’s spine.

"Riverparc." Benisch Architekten. 19 June 2008 <http://www.behnisch.com/#>.

Compact and Mix-used City ExampleMajorca Technopolis primary idea, R. Rogers

• The technopolis is divided into three communities. Each community is of about 2000 residents and arranged to be walk-able or bicycle-able.

• Then public transportation connects the centers of them.

Rogers, Richard, and Philip Gumuchdjian. Cities for a Small Planet (In Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima Shuppankai, 2002 (1996). p54-55. Translated by Yashiro, Tomoya, Wada, Atsushi, and Takaharu, Tezuka.

Reduce Energy ConsumptionFirst step to reduce pollutant fuel dependency

• We use a lot energy for lighting, heating and cooling. We can reduce energy consumption itself by utilizing nature, such as sunlight and wind.

• Japanese shoji is one of the simple example. Big opening can take a lot of natural light in to the building, so we do not need artificial lighting during daytime.The shoji slidiing door can moderate the light and tempreture, and protect us from wind too. We can cantrol them easily just by opening or shtting the shoji door by our hands.

City’s OutlineNew city development proposalLu Jiazui, Shanghai, R. Rogers

• Contour of the city is set considering that natural light can reach utmost space and wind can be used as natural cooling system and ventilation.

• Six mix-used neighborhoods specially create central park. Buildings with several heights are grouped so that obstruction of sunlight, wind current, and views can be greatly lessened.

Rogers, Richard, and Philip Gumuchdjian. Cities for a Small Planet (In Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima Shuppankai, 2002 (1996). p48-49. Translated by Yashiro, Tomoya, Wada, Atsushi, and Takaharu, Tezuka.

Natural Ventilation for a building

Annual income Agency project competition, 1992, R. Rogers

• Roof form creates natural ventilation and reduce necessity of mechanical ventilation.

• The surrounding trees clear the dust in the air and give moisture.

Rogers, Richard, and Philip Gumuchdjian. Cities for a Small Planet (In Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima Shuppankai, 2002 (1996). p90-91. Translated by Yashiro, Tomoya, Wada, Atsushi, and Takaharu, Tezuka.

Adoption of Reproducible EnergySecond step to reduce pollutant fuel dependency

• Energy source should be recyclable and unlimited. It must not damage the natural cycle.

• Sunlight and Wind power is popular for reproducible energy source.

• Wastes from lumbering is burned as energy fuel at Biomass CHP plant in Eskilstuna, Sweden. It supplies electricity to about 3000 residence units and all commercial buildings in the commune.

James, Sarah, and Torbjorn Lahti. The Natiral Step for Communities (In Jpanese). Tokyo: Shinhyoron, 2006 (2004). Translated by Takami, Sachiko.

Solar-Powered City Rizhao, China

• 99 percent of households in the central districts and more than 30% of the residences in rural area use solar water heaters

• The solar collecting area now totals 560,000 square meters, reducing conventional electricity use by 348 million kWh each year.

• Save 36,000 tons of coal each year, with an associated reduction of 320 tons of SO2 and 81,400 tons of CO2.

• Most traffic signals and streetlights are powered by photovoltaic cells, and a lot of greenhouse and school have solar panels on their walls.

• This is a city-wise successful project resulted by a supportive government policy, local solar industries, and strong leadership.

Bai, Xuemei. "RIZHAO, CHINA: Solar-Powered City." World Watch 20 (2007): 31. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. 19 June 2008."RIZHAO: China Solar-Powered Sunshine City." Inhabitat. 19 June 2008 <http://www.inhabitat.com/2007/06/05/rizhao-the-sunshine-city/>."Mainstreaming Conservation and Renerables." World Clean Energy Awords. 19 June 2008 <www.cleanenergyawards.com/.../ project/64>.

^ Solar devices on the roofs > Solar-powered kettles

100% Wind-Powered CommunityRock Port, Missouri

• Loess Hill Wind Farm has 4 wind turbines on agricultural lands within the city of Rock Port.

• Turbines do not take massive space on the ground as conventional power plant. (Attractive to compact community)

• Wind of only 9 miles par hour can activate power production

• The turbines are directly connected to city’s main electronic lines.

• Rock Port consumes about13million KwH annually, and Loess Hill wind farm can provide 16 million KwH each year.

"Rock Port." 19 June 2008 <http://www.rockportwind.com/>.

Conceptual Appeal

• Architecture and community

should appeal sustainability visually and sensibly not only functionally and practically. Because very important thing to create really successful sustainable communities is consciousness of people living there.

An "urban district above the water" in Seoul, Korea by SCIFI and Minsuk Cho

The School of Art Design & Media in Nanyang Singaporeby CPG Consultants Pte Ltd

Sustainable Appealing SpaceTokyo international forum competition proposal, R.Rogers

• Tokyo is crowded with Buildings, so Richard Rogers

thought that the site should be spiritual, outside space for public on ground level rather than artificial structure.

• Three halls are hang from sixth-floor level creating free outside space where people can feel nature anytime.

• This space spiritually inspire people to be attached to nature in the busy city.

Rogers, Richard, and Philip Gumuchdjian. Cities for a Small Planet (In Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima Shuppankai, 2002 (1996). p75. Translated by Yashiro, Tomoya, Wada, Atsushi, and Takaharu, Tezuka.

Bibliography

Bai, Xuemei. "RIZHAO, CHINA: Solar-Powered City." World Watch 20 (2007): 31. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. 19 June 2008.

James, Sarah, and Torbjorn Lahti. The Natiral Step for Communities (In Japanese). Tokyo: Shinhyoron, 2006 (2004). Translated by Takami, Sachiko.

"Mainstreaming Conservation and Renerables." World Clean Energy Awords. 19 June 2008 <www.cleanenergyawards.com/.../ project/64>.

"Riverparc." Benisch Architekten. 19 June 2008 <http://www.behnisch.com/#>.

"RIZHAO: China Solar-Powered Sunshine City." Inhabitat. 19 June 2008 <http://www.inhabitat.com/2007/06/05/rizhao-the-sunshine-city/>.

"Rock Port." 19 June 2008 <http://www.rockportwind.com/>.

Rogers, Richard, and Philip Gumuchdjian. Cities for a Small Planet (In Japanese). Tokyo: Kashima Shuppankai, 2002 (1996). Translated by Yashiro, Tomoya, Wada, Atsushi, and Takaharu, Tezuka.