sustainability by combining nuclear, fossil, and

8/2/2019 Sustainability by Combining Nuclear, Fossil, And

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Sustainability by combining nuclear,

fossil, and renewable energy sources

Presented by:

Ngasampam Rungsung

11ME62R13


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Introduction

Three main sources of energy are:

Fossil fuels, renewables and nuclear.

The two major energy challenges :

Replacing crude oil.

Reducing green house gas emissions.


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Liquid fuels

Liquid fuels (gasoline, diesel, etc.) remain thelargest energy source.

World oil consumption is about 80 million barrelsper day (1 barrel = 159 litres)

Liquid fuels can be produced from:

- crude oil- heavy feedstock like heavy oil, tar sands, shaleoil, and coal.


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Recovering underground resources

Fossil-fuel resources are very large but most ofthem are economically irrecoverable.

US has the largest deposits of oil shale. It isestimated that US has 800 billion barrel ofrecoverable oil.

Thus recovering them economically and withouthigh emission of CO2 becomes necessary.


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In-Situ Refining


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Underground heating

Electricity. Heating of oil shaleproduces both liquids and

gases. These gases can be

burnt to supply the requiredelectricity.

A high temperature nuclear

reactor can be used toproduce the required high

temperature heat.

oil shale


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Fig. configuration for underground heating of oil shale with nuclear heat.


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Advantages of using nuclear reactor

Direct use of high temperature heat

No need of converting heat into electricity

or vice versa.

Emission of CO2 is avoided.

Energy consumption is reduced by a factor

of 2.

About 12GW(t) of heat would be required

to produce a million barrels of oil per day.


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Peak electricity Production

Electricity demand varies daily, weekly, and

seasonally.

The outputs from renewable sources of

energy are highly variable.

Today, fossil fuels are mainly used to meet

these variations.


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Existing non-fossil methods for

producing peak electricity

Hydropower

Compressed Air Energy System

Nuclear Energy


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Options to meet the peak electricity:

1. Hydrogen intermediate and peak electricity system


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2. Nuclear-combustion combined-cycle

(NCCC) systems


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Advantages of NCCC system

Electricity output is increased by a factor of up

to 4 during peak electricity supply.

There is no need to control air-fuel ratio to

ensure flame stability.

Response time to changes in power demand is

much faster.


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Conclusions

The traditional paradigm is that nuclear, fossil,

and renewable energy sources are competitors.

But in fact, they should be coupled together to

give more satisfactory results. In the longer term, nuclear energy is potentially

the enabling technology for the large-scale use of

renewable electricity because nuclear energymay be able to provide peak electricity when the

sun does not shine or the wind does not blow.


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