susainable development

8/12/2019 Susainable Development

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CONTENT: INTRODUCTION

DEFINITIONS OF SD

BRIEF HISTORY

DOMAINS

ECONOMICS

ECOLOGIC

CULTURE

POLITICS

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY ECONOMIC SUSAINABILITY

CRITICISM

CONCLUSION

REFERNCES


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INTRODUCTION

Sustainable development is an organizing principles for

human life on a finite planet. It posits a desirable futurestate for human societies in which living conditions andresource-use meet human needs without underminingthe sustainabilityof natural systems and the environment,so that future generations may also have their needs

met.

The concept of sustainable development has in the pastmost often been broken out into three constituentdomains: environmental sustainability, economic

sustainability and social sustainability.

However, many other possible ways to delineate theconcept have been suggested. For example, the Circles of

Sustainability approach distinguishes the four domains ofeconomic, ecological, political and cultural


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DEFINITIONS:

In 1987, the United Nations World Commission on

Environment and Development released the report OurCommon Future, included what is now one of the most

widely recognised definition:

"Sustainable development is development that meets theneeds of the present without compromising the ability of

future generations to meet their own needs.1

Humanity has the ability to make developmentsustainable to ensure that it meets the needs of the

present without compromising the ability of future

generations to meet their own needs.2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Commission_on_Environment_and_Developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Commission_on_Environment_and_Developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Common_Futurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Common_Futurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Common_Futurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Common_Futurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Common_Futurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Common_Futurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Common_Futurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Commission_on_Environment_and_Developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Commission_on_Environment_and_Developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Commission_on_Environment_and_Developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Commission_on_Environment_and_Developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Commission_on_Environment_and_Developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Commission_on_Environment_and_Developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Commission_on_Environment_and_Developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Commission_on_Environment_and_Developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Commission_on_Environment_and_Developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Commission_on_Environment_and_Developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Commission_on_Environment_and_Developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations


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The Brundtland Report goes on to say that sustainabledevelopment also contains within it two key concepts:

1. The concept of 'needs', in particular the essential needs ofthe world's poor, to which overriding priority should begiven.

2. The idea of limitations imposed by the state of technologyand social organization on the environment's ability to meetpresent and future needs.

Sustainable development ties together concern forthe carrying capacityof natural systemswith the social andeconomic challenges faced by humanity.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrying_capacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrying_capacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrying_capacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrying_capacity


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BRIEF HISTORY:

The concept of sustainable development was originally

synonymous with that of sustainability and is often stillused in that way. Both terms derive from the older forestry

term sustainedyield.

According to different sources, the concept of sustainability

in the sense of a balance between resourceconsumption and reproductionwas however applied to

forestry already in the 12th to 16th century.3

The term 'sustainable development' rose to significance

after it was used by the Brundtland Commissionin its 1987report Our Common Future

Sustainability is a semantic modification, extension and

transfer of the term sustainedyield.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brundtland_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Common_Futurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Common_Futurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Common_Futurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Common_Futurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Common_Futurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Common_Futurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brundtland_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brundtland_Commissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brundtland_Commission


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The essence of sustained yield forestry was described

for example by William A. Duerr, a leading American expert

on forestry:

Tofulfil our obligations to our descendents and to

stabilize our communities, each generation should

sustain its resources at a high level and hand them

along undiminished. The sustained yield of timber is an

aspect of mansmost fundamental need: to sustain lifeitself.4

The history of the concept of sustainability is however much

older. Already in 400 BCE, Aristotle referred to a similarGreek concept in talking about household economics.

This Greek household concept differed from modern ones in

that the household had to be self-sustainingat least to a

certain extent and could not just be consumption oriented.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle


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DOMAINS:

1. Economics:

The domain of 'economics' is fundamental toconsiderations of sustainable development, however there

has been considerable criticism of the tendency to use the

three-domain modelof the triple bottom line: economics,

environment and social.

The economic domain is defined as the practices and

meanings associated with the production, use, and

management of resources, where the concept of

resourcesis used in the broadest sense of that word.

This approach is challenged to the extent that it treats

the economy as the master domain.


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2. Ecology:

The sustainability of human settlements is part of the

relationship between humans and their natural, social

and built environments.

Also termed human ecology, this broadens the focus of

sustainable development to include the domain of human

health. Fundamental human needs such as the availabilityand quality of air, water, food and shelter are also the

ecological foundationsfor sustainable development.5

addressing public health risk through investmentsin ecosystem servicescan be a powerful and transformative

force for sustainable development which, in this sense,

extends to all species.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_serviceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_ecologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_ecology


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4. Politics:

The political is defined as the domain of practices

and meanings associated with basic issues of social

power as they pertain to the organisation, authorisation,legitimating and regulation of a social life held in common.

This definition is in accord with the view that political

change is important for responding to economic,ecological and cultural challenges. It also means that

the politics of economic change can be addressed.

This is particularly true in relation to the controversialconcept of 'sustainable enterprise' that frames global

needs and risks as 'opportunities' for private enterprise7

to provide profitable entrepreneurial solutions.


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Environmental sustainability:

Environmental sustainabilityis the process of making sure

current processes of interaction with the environment arepursued with the idea of keeping the environment as

pristine as naturally possible based on ideal-seeking

behavior.

Thus, environmental sustainability demands that society

designs activities to meet human needs while indefinitely

preserving the life support systems of the planet.

for example, entails using water sustainably, only utilizing

renewable energy, and sustainable material supplies, e.g.

harvesting wood from forests at a rate that maintains the

biomass and biodiversity.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_sustainabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ideal-seeking_behavior&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ideal-seeking_behavior&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ideal-seeking_behavior&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ideal-seeking_behavior&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ideal-seeking_behavior&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ideal-seeking_behavior&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ideal-seeking_behavior&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_sustainabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_sustainabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_sustainability


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Economic

sustainability: Economists have focused on viewing the economyand the

environment as a single interlinked system with a unifiedvaluation methodology8.

Intergenerational equity can be incorporated into this

approach, as has become common in economic valuationsof climate change economics .

Ruling out discrimination against future generations and

allowing for the possibility of renewable alternatives topetro-chemicals and other non-renewable resources,

efficient policies are compatible with increasing human

welfare, eventually reaching a golden-rule steady state.


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CRITICISM:

The concept of "Sustainable Development"raises

several critiques at different levels.

1. Consequences : Public Choice Theory

2. Vagueness of the term: Absurd Term

3. Basis: Human = Parasite

4. "De-growth:Oxymoron, -ve populatngrowth

5. Measurability: How can a sustainabledevelopment be achieved at global level if we

cannot monitor it in any single project?


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CONCLUSION:


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References:1. World Commission on Environment and Development. "Our Common

Future, Chapter 2: Towards Sustainable Development". Un-documents.net. Retrieved 2011-09-28.

2. World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), OurCommon Future (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), 8.

3. Ina Ehnert: Sustainable Human Resource Management: AConceptual and Exploratory Analysis from a Paradox Perspective;Springer, 2009; pp. 3536.

4. Ulrich Grober: Deep roots - A conceptual history of "sustainabledevelopment" (Nachhaltigkeit), Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin frSozialforschung, 2007; pp. 89.

5. White, F; Stallones, L; Last, JM. (2013). Global Public Health:Ecological Foundations. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-

975190-7.6. "Sus.Div". Sus.Div. Retrieved 2011-09-28.

7. Paul-Marie Boulanger (2008). "Sustainable development indicators: ascientific challenge, a democratic issue. ''S.A.P.I.EN.S.'' '''1''' (1)".Sapiens.revues.org. Retrieved 2011-09-28.

8. Hamilton, K.; Clemens, M. (1999). "Genuine savings rates indeveloping countries". World Bank Econ Review 13 (2): 333
http://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htmhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htmhttp://books.google.com/books?id=iE8SXPGGbeMChttp://books.google.com/books?id=iE8SXPGGbeMChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975190-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975190-7http://www.susdiv.org/http://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/13.2.333http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/13.2.333http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/13.2.333http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/13.2.333http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/13.2.333http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/13.2.333http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/13.2.333http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/13.2.333http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/13.2.333http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/13.2.333http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wber/13.2.333http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://sapiens.revues.org/index166.htmlhttp://www.susdiv.org/http://www.susdiv.org/http://www.susdiv.org/http://www.susdiv.org/http://www.susdiv.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975190-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975190-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975190-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975190-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975190-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975190-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975190-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975190-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975190-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://books.google.com/books?id=iE8SXPGGbeMChttp://books.google.com/books?id=iE8SXPGGbeMChttp://books.google.com/books?id=iE8SXPGGbeMChttp://books.google.com/books?id=iE8SXPGGbeMChttp://books.google.com/books?id=iE8SXPGGbeMChttp://books.google.com/books?id=iE8SXPGGbeMChttp://books.google.com/books?id=iE8SXPGGbeMChttp://books.google.com/books?id=iE8SXPGGbeMChttp://books.google.com/books?id=iE8SXPGGbeMChttp://books.google.com/books?id=iE8SXPGGbeMChttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htmhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htmhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htmhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htmhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htmhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htmhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htmhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htmhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htmhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htmhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htmhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htmhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htmhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htmhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htmhttp://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htm


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External Links:

Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform- United

Nations platform on Sustainable Development

World Bankwebsite on sustainable development.

U.K. Sustainable Development Commission

Sustainable Development Law & Policy United Nations Division for Sustainable Development

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development#ci

te_note-59

http://www.heldref.org/env.php Robert W. Kates, Thomas M. Parris, and Anthony A.

Leiserowitz, 2005. The article published in the April 2005

issue of Environment: Science and Policy for

Sustainable Development, Volume 47, Number 3, pages82.
http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/http://go.worldbank.org/7IS3KBWK20http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/http://www.wcl.american.edu/org/sustainabledevelopmenthttp://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_developmenthttp://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.htmlhttp://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.htmlhttp://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.htmlhttp://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.htmlhttp://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.htmlhttp://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.htmlhttp://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.htmlhttp://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.htmlhttp://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.htmlhttp://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.htmlhttp://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.htmlhttp://www.wcl.american.edu/org/sustainabledevelopmenthttp://www.wcl.american.edu/org/sustainabledevelopmenthttp://www.wcl.american.edu/org/sustainabledevelopmenthttp://www.wcl.american.edu/org/sustainabledevelopmenthttp://www.wcl.american.edu/org/sustainabledevelopmenthttp://www.wcl.american.edu/org/sustainabledevelopmenthttp://www.wcl.american.edu/org/sustainabledevelopmenthttp://www.wcl.american.edu/org/sustainabledevelopmenthttp://www.wcl.american.edu/org/sustainabledevelopmenthttp://www.sd-commission.org.uk/http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/http://go.worldbank.org/7IS3KBWK20http://go.worldbank.org/7IS3KBWK20http://go.worldbank.org/7IS3KBWK20http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/


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