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The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B7. Beijing 2008

4. ACCURACY ASPECTSFor Rural areas: Prescribed accuracy of the linearmeasurements better than 0.25 m, with a confidence level of90% for distances within 1000 m

For urban areas: Prescribed accuracy of the linear measurements

better than 0.25 m, with a confidence level of 90% for distanceswithin 1000 m

Tests done on the ground by measuring 10 distances on theground with Totsal Stations and compared withPhotogrammetry derived measurements.90% agreed within the prescribed limits. However, theidentification of point on the ground and in the image is verycritical in determining the accuracy. Therefore, the pointsselected in the field for measurements must be properlydocumented in the form of simple field sketches for accurateidentification on orthoimage in the laboratory.

5. COST ASPECTSIn Nizamabad Project, the cost works out to Rs 500 per hectare.Encouraged by this experiment the government approved ILISprojects for five more districts of Andhra Pradesh. It is possibleto complete the LIS for the whole country in five to ten yearsthrough PPP system.

Considering the average cost of rural land as one million IndianRupees per hectare and other numerous benefits of ILIS, theinvestment on ILIS is a fraction and is insignificant. Thisapproach can be adopted in other countries where resurveys arerequired to prepare LIS. This approach is not only economicaland speedy but also helps in providing proper land ownershiptitle, an important need of the society.

6. CONCLUSIONSThe paper briefly reviewed the experimentations carried out inIndia for cadastral surveys in the past four decades. Traditionalground surveys using measuring chain/Plane Table, Analoguephtogorammetry techniques, Simple Rectified aerial phototechniques, DGPS & Total Station based ground surveys andfinally Digital Photogrammetry methodology have beenexamined. Based on the case study of Nizamabad District inAndhra Pradesh (India ) with an area of 8000 sq km usingdigital photogrammetry, it has become clear that the hybridmethodology using combination of Digital Photgrammetry,DGPS and Total Station yielded best results in terms of cost,accuracy and efficiency. A different strategy may be needed forforested areas. Thus India is on the verge of implementing landsurvey projects at national level, using digital photogrammetryand involving grass root level population in the field tasks.

REFERENCES

Dhal N.,2008, Digital photogrammetry for cadastral surveys &land titling: Angul-nalco technology as path-setter, InternationalSymposium, on Contemporary Trends in Cadastral Surveys andLand Titling, Hyderabad, India

Kumar GS ,2005, Cadastral Surveying & Photogrammetry: A

review of Indian scenario, GIS India March 2005

Michal Kasser & yves Egels;2002, Digital Phtogrammetry ;Taylor & Francis, London. P.16

Raghu Venkataraman V , Jayalakshmi I.; Srinivas P.;2008;Digital ortho photo generation using large scale aerialphotography for cadastral resurvey of Nizamabad district inAndhra Pradesh, India. International Symposium, on

Contemporary Trends in Cadastral Surveys and Land Titling,Hyderabad, India

Vinod Agrawal,2007, Interview, GIS India June 2007

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