A BRIEF HISTORY OF SURVEYING

A.) WHEN DID SURVEYING FIRST START?

BY KNOW HISTORY – THE ART AND PRACTICE OF SURVEYING HAS BEEN AROUND FOR OVER 6000 YEARS.

-SOME EVEN SAY UP TO 12,000 YEARS OLD!- THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA (ALSO KNOWN AS THE PYRAMID OF KHUFU) IS

ESTIMATED TO HAVE BEEN BUILT BETWEEN 2700 B.C. AND 2560 B.C.

- SOME PERSPECTIVE- THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IS ALMOST 240 YEARS OLD.

- IT IS BELIEVED THAT UNDER THE ROMANS, SURVEYING FIRST BECAME A PROFESSION.

B.) FUNDAMENTAL TERMS OF SURVEYING(OLD SCHOOL)

TRANSIT- AN INSTRUMENT USED TO TURN ANGLES FROM ONE POINT TO ANOTHER

CHAIN- A DEVICE USED TO MEASURE DISTANCE (80 CHAINS = 1MILE).

EDM- ELECTRONIC DISTANCE METER (USUALLY A LASER BEAM OR A SONAR ARRAY).

TRAVERSE- THE ACT OF CARRYING A GEOSPACIAL ASPECT FROM ON PLACE TO ANOTHER.

BENCH LOOP- THE ART OF TRANSFERING A KNOW ELEVATION FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER.

STATION- A FORM OF MEASURING TO REDUCE THE SIZE OF A NUMBER TO CORRELATE TO A PLACE. USUALLY ON CONSTRUCTION PLANS.

CUT/FILL- CUT IS EQUAL TO REMOVE AND FILL IS EQUAL TO PLACE.

TRANSITION- A MOVEMENT FROM ONE POSITION OR STATE TO ANOTHER.

PROFILE- THE OUTLINE OF AN OBJECT ON A VERTICLE PLANE.

TYPICAL SECTION- A CONSISTANT REPRESAENTATION OF A CROSS SECTION.

PARALLEL- EXTENDING IN THE SAME DIRECTION EQUAL DISTANCE APART.

PERPENDICULAR- MEETING A GIVEN LINE AT A RIGHT ANGLE.

TRANSIT

SURVEY CHAIN

EDM (ELECTRONIC DISTANCE METER)

PROFILE

TYPICAL SECTION

B.) FUNDAMENTAL TERMS OF SURVEYING(OLD SCHOOL) (CONT.)

RADIAL- MADE IN THE DIRECTION OF THE RADIUS (LIKE SPOKES ON A WHEEL).

PARALLEL OFFSET- AN OFFSET SET A PARTICULAR DISTANCE FROM A LINE TO RETAIN THE LOCATION ON THAT LINE.

PERPENDICULAR OFFSET- AN OFFSET PLACED AT A RIGHT ANGLE TO A LINE.

RADIAL OFFSET- AN OFFSET PLACED IN LINE WITH THE RADIUS AND THE OBJECT BEING OFFSET.

C.) (21ST CENTURY TERMINOLOGY

GUN- A SURVEY INSTUMENT USED TO TURN ANGLES AND SHOOT DISTANCES WITH AN EDM.

TAPE- A HAND HELD MEASURING DEVICE, METAL, PLASTIC, ON A REEL, OR IN A BOX.

GPS- GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM- A SERIES OF SATALITES IN SPACE THAT BROADCAST THE SAME TIME TO THE NANO SECOND. KNOWING THE SPEED OF RADIO WAVES THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE A DISTANCE CAN BE CALCULTATED BETWEEN EACH SATILITE. THROUGH TRIANGULATION A POSITION IS ESTABLISHED. (GPS IS NOT A TRANSIT OR TOTAL STATION!)

CADD- COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING AND DESIGN.

.CSV- COMMA SEPARATED VALUE. IN SURVEYING, A COORDINATE IS SOMETIMES

REPRESENTED AS NORTHING, EASTING, ELEVATION, DESCRIPTION.

.DWG- AN AUTOCADD EXTENTION REPRESENTING A DRAWING.

3D MODELING- A THREE DIMENSIONAL SHAPE REPRESENTING WHAT IS DESIGNED.

DTM- A DIGITAL TERRAIN MODEL. A 3D REPRESENTATION OF A SURFACE.

.TTM- A FILE EXTENSION USED BY TRIMBLE TO REPRESENT A DTM.

QUESTIONS?????