survey of the tetrapodsmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · synapsids...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODSmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · Synapsids & Origin of Mammals Cynodont Therapsids = sister group of mammals Pelycosaurs = basal](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42c06af137a568fb4c193c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODS
![Page 2: SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODSmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · Synapsids & Origin of Mammals Cynodont Therapsids = sister group of mammals Pelycosaurs = basal](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42c06af137a568fb4c193c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
“LABYRINTODONTIA”Eusthenopteron
Panderichtyes
Ichthyostega Te
mno
spon
dyli
Liss
amph
ibia
Lepo
spon
dyli
Am
niot
a
Ant
hrac
osau
ria
Rhipidistia Ichthyostegalia
Class
Subclass LISSAMPHIBIA
URODELA SALIENTIA GYMNOPHIONA
Class AMPHIBIA
Acanthostega
![Page 3: SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODSmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · Synapsids & Origin of Mammals Cynodont Therapsids = sister group of mammals Pelycosaurs = basal](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42c06af137a568fb4c193c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Fish (“Rhipidistian”) - Tetrapod Transition & Fossil Record
Generalized“Rhipidistian”
Early Amphibian
Transitional“Rhipidistian”
• Reduction of fins• Reduction of gills• Shift of eyes (dorsally)• Dactylous appendages
![Page 4: SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODSmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · Synapsids & Origin of Mammals Cynodont Therapsids = sister group of mammals Pelycosaurs = basal](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42c06af137a568fb4c193c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
History of the AMPHIBIA
Stem Tetrapods
Derived “labyrinthodonts”Terrestrial & ancestral to “reptiles”
Surviving amphibians (Lissamphibians)
Primitive “amphibians” (aquatic & terrestrial)
![Page 5: SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODSmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · Synapsids & Origin of Mammals Cynodont Therapsids = sister group of mammals Pelycosaurs = basal](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42c06af137a568fb4c193c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Earliest Tetrapod: Acanthostega
Polydactylous LimbsTail fin with skeletal supports
Poorly formed joints (limbs)Weak vertebral column
Eyes face upward
Retains internal gills
![Page 6: SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODSmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · Synapsids & Origin of Mammals Cynodont Therapsids = sister group of mammals Pelycosaurs = basal](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42c06af137a568fb4c193c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Primitive & Derived Labyrinthodonts
Stronger backboneBetter formed joints (limbs)Skull narrowed; eyes lateralLimbs pentadactylous
Anthracosaur
Amphibious
Mostly terrestrial (as adults)
Icthyostegalian
![Page 7: SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODSmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · Synapsids & Origin of Mammals Cynodont Therapsids = sister group of mammals Pelycosaurs = basal](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42c06af137a568fb4c193c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Subclass LISSAMPHIBIA (modern amphibians)
Order SALIENTIA (=Anura)
Order URODELA (=Caudata)
Order GYMNOPHONIA (APODA)
(Tropical, burrowers)
![Page 8: SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODSmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · Synapsids & Origin of Mammals Cynodont Therapsids = sister group of mammals Pelycosaurs = basal](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42c06af137a568fb4c193c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Amniote Skull Types & Classification
Class REPTILIA Subclass PARAREPTILIA = (“Anapsida”) Subclass SYNAPSIDA = (“Synapsida”) Subclass EUREPTILIA = (“Diapsida”)
Modified diapsid skull
![Page 9: SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODSmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · Synapsids & Origin of Mammals Cynodont Therapsids = sister group of mammals Pelycosaurs = basal](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42c06af137a568fb4c193c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Specialized “Anapsids”: Turtles & Pareiosaurs
Subclass PARAREPTILIA
Order TESTUDINATA Order PARIESAURIA
![Page 10: SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODSmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · Synapsids & Origin of Mammals Cynodont Therapsids = sister group of mammals Pelycosaurs = basal](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42c06af137a568fb4c193c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
LEPIDOSAURS: Most Successful Group Modern Reptiles
![Page 11: SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODSmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · Synapsids & Origin of Mammals Cynodont Therapsids = sister group of mammals Pelycosaurs = basal](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42c06af137a568fb4c193c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Superorder LEPIDOSAURIA
Order SQUAMATA
(Lizards)
(Snakes)
Order SPHENODONTIA
(Tuatara - New Zealand)
Order AMPHISBAENIA (tropical burrowers)
“Living Fossil”
![Page 12: SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODSmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · Synapsids & Origin of Mammals Cynodont Therapsids = sister group of mammals Pelycosaurs = basal](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42c06af137a568fb4c193c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Subclass ARCHOSAURIA
Order CROCODILIA
Order PTEROSAURIA
Order ORNITHISCHIA
![Page 13: SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODSmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · Synapsids & Origin of Mammals Cynodont Therapsids = sister group of mammals Pelycosaurs = basal](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42c06af137a568fb4c193c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Dinosaur Pelvic Structure & Classification
Convergent with birds
![Page 14: SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODSmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · Synapsids & Origin of Mammals Cynodont Therapsids = sister group of mammals Pelycosaurs = basal](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42c06af137a568fb4c193c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Bird - Therapod Connection
Infraclass ARCHAEORNITHYES
Infraclass NEORNITHYES
![Page 15: SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODSmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · Synapsids & Origin of Mammals Cynodont Therapsids = sister group of mammals Pelycosaurs = basal](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42c06af137a568fb4c193c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Infraclass ENANTIORNITHYES
Infraclass NEORNITHYESInfraclass ODONTORNITHYES
Superorder Paleognathae
Superorder Neognathae
![Page 16: SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODSmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · Synapsids & Origin of Mammals Cynodont Therapsids = sister group of mammals Pelycosaurs = basal](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42c06af137a568fb4c193c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Synapsids & Origin of Mammals
Cynodont Therapsids= sister group of mammals
Pelycosaurs = basal mammal-like reptiles
Primitive Therapsids
Fossils from S. Africa &S. America
![Page 17: SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODSmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · Synapsids & Origin of Mammals Cynodont Therapsids = sister group of mammals Pelycosaurs = basal](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42c06af137a568fb4c193c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Cynodont Therapsids PROTOTHERIA METATHERIA EUTHERIA
MAMMALIA
“REPTILIA”
Basic mammal features
• Hair• Mammary glands• 3 ear ossicles, etc.
• Placenta & viviparity• Therian shoulder complex• Tribosphenic molars
Basic therian features
THERIA
![Page 18: SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODSmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · Synapsids & Origin of Mammals Cynodont Therapsids = sister group of mammals Pelycosaurs = basal](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42c06af137a568fb4c193c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Prototherians Order Monotremata (Australia)
Metatherians Order Marsupialia(Australia, Americas)
![Page 19: SURVEY OF THE TETRAPODSmiller.biology.utah.edu/courses/3315/handouts/02_slides.pdf · Synapsids & Origin of Mammals Cynodont Therapsids = sister group of mammals Pelycosaurs = basal](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022050104/5f42c06af137a568fb4c193c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Eutheria: Placental Mammals (world-wide distribution)