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Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of Water of Water and Efficient Use of Water Supplies in Rural and Remote Areas Supplies in Rural and Remote Areas Royal Geographical Society with IBG August 29, 2007 Annual International Conference 29 – 31 August 2007, London Meera M Hira-Smith, M.Sc., Ph.D. Director, Project Well Researcher, University of California, Berkeley Researcher, University of California, Berkeley

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Page 1: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of Water of Water and Efficient Use of Water Supplies in Rural and Remote AreasSupplies in Rural and Remote Areas

Royal Geographical Society with IBGAugust 29, 2007

Annual International Conference 29 – 31 August 2007, London

Meera M Hira-Smith, M.Sc., Ph.D.

Director, Project Well

Researcher, University of California, BerkeleyResearcher, University of California, Berkeley

Page 2: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

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#ÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚÊÚ

India

Thailand

Myanmar (Burma)

Nepal

Bangladesh

Bhutan

Ya

ng

tz eM

eko n

g

Sa

lwe

en

Ga ng e s

Irraw

ad

dy

Lhasa

Patna

Dhaka

ThimbuJaipur

Kanpur

Khulna

Nagpur

Madras

Lucknow

Benares

Rangoon

Bangkok

Amritsar

CalcuttaMandalay

New Delhi

Kathmandu

Hyderabad

BangaloreMangalore

Chittagong

Vishakhapatnam

B ra hm a p u tra

Project Well Target Area

500 0 500 1000 Miles

NProject Well Target Area of North 24 parganas

West Bengal, India 2001_2004

Lat / LongMajor Rivers

# Major CitiesÚ Project Well Project Area

17° 17°

22° 22°

27° 27°

32° 32°

81°

81°

86°

86°

91°

91°

96°

96°

E

N

States in India:

Uttar Pradesh

Bihar

West Bengal

Project Well dugwells are currently in the district of North 24 Parganas, West Bengal.

India

Page 3: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

AS SHORT TERM OPTION SHALLOW, CONCRETE DUGWELL IS CHOSEN BECAUSE IT PROVIDES ARSENIC SAFE WATER AND IS

CHEAP AND EASILY ADAPTABLE BY THE COMMUNITY

Source: Aqua Welfare Society of newly constructed dugwell # PW47, Kolsur 12 June, 2006

Page 4: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Dugwell Design

The dugwell design is different from traditional dugwells in many ways.

Page 5: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

2. The site is selected at a considerable distance from toilets, cowdung pit and stagnant water;

3. Water is drawn with the help of hand pump;

6. Coarse sand filled in the annular space between the wall of the well and the sediment,

4. Use of floating pipe instead of fixed pipe,

5. Chlorinated once in 3 weeks and

6. Covered by a net and a tin cover to avoid tampering.

Page 6: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Water extracted with the help of a hand pump

Source: Project Well at Sutia, Gaighata of a newly constructed dugwell_ 21st July 2007

Page 7: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Interior of the dug well has a shroud of coarse sand all around the cylinder

Designed by Dr. Timir Hore, CPG, New Jersey

Page 8: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Filled with coarse sand all around the well, up to the naturallyoccurring sand layer below the silt sediments

Page 9: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Source: Aqua Welfare Society, May 2007

Annular space filled with coarse sand

Page 10: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Flexible pipes introduced in 2004 (technique adopted from DCH, Dhaka, B’Desh)

Advantages of flexible pipe are:

* Less inflow of sand from below

* Dissociates colonies of bacteria due to constant movement of water

Initially fixed iron pipes were used that required adjustment with the fluctuation of water level

Page 11: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

PW24/KLS12: The net and the tin cover are used for protection from external debris and tampering.

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Project Well formulated dugwells differ from the conventional types of dugwells by the following ways. These were adopted by ongoing experiments to reduce bacterial contamination, if any:

2. The site is selected on higher grounds, at least 100 feet away from toilets,

3. Water is drawn with the help of hand pump;

4. Coarse sand filled in the annular space between the wall of the well and the sediment.

4. Use of floating pipe instead of fixed pipe,

7. Covered by a net and a tin cover to avoid tampering and

6. Chlorinated once in 3 weeks.

Page 13: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Training the users in the use of disinfectant

Measuring the volume of the disinfectant that contains 5% of chlorine in solution

Understanding the theoline chart

Page 14: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Project Well has developed a DATABASE that originates at the main office located in the village that enables monitoring the functions of the dugwells and response of the communities.

Main concern was and still is how to make the dugwell community based program sustainable.

Step by step formula

Page 15: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Creation of databaseCreation of database

1. Selection of sites, recording geocodes and assigning dugwell ID;

2. Mapping of the selected sites;3. Create Database: Microsoft Access and Excel are used

to record the data on separate forms;4. Surveys and evaluations from time to time;5. Monthly Survey to record the depth of water, odor,

color and taste and complaints of the consumer, if any.

Page 16: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Use of GPS since 2002: Geocodes of TWs to be examined for arsenic near the site for dugwell are being recorded by Mr. Xavier Savarimuthu and Ms.Debjani Mitra during the site selection process in Nov 2002.

Geocodes of newly constructed dugwells being cross checked by Dennis Baroi, field supervisor of AWS on July 21st 2007

User friendly handheld GPS device costs $150

Page 17: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Assigning Dugwell ID = PW1 / KDK 1

Serial no. dugwell of Project Well Serial no. by the number of dugwells in the village

GAIGHATASIMULPURDASPARAPW51DSP23 GAIGHATASIMULPURKORAPARAPW50KRP12 DEGANGAKOLSURKAMDEBKATIPW49KDK91 BLOCKPANCHAYATVILLAGEDUGWELL ID

SL #

BISNUPADA DAS200788.8331822.9328PW51DSP23

BENY PRAMANICK200788.8265022.92951PW50KRP12

AJIT BAROI200788.7336622.81758PW49KDK91PROPERTY DONORCONST_YEARLONGITUDELATITUDEDUGWELL ID

SL #

Page 18: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Creation of databaseCreation of database

1. Select sites, record geocodes and assign dugwell ID;

2. Mapping of the selected sites:

*Maps can be drawn by using any GIS software program. *For preliminary functions Project Well uses Arcview 3.2 and also Earth

Google;

3. Create Database: Microsoft Access and Excel are used to record the data on separate forms;

4. Surveys and evaluations from time to time;5. Monthly Survey to record the depth of water, odor, color and taste

and complaints of the consumer, if any.

Page 19: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

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PW 05/RH1

PW 23/RH2

PW 01/K DK1

PW 02/KDK 2

PW 03/SMP3

PW 04/KDK4

PW 06/KDK3

PW 07/ KDK5

PW 08/KDK7

PW 09/ SMP1

PW 10/B MD1

PW 12/KLS 1

PW 13/KLS2

PW 14/KLS3

PW 20/K LS9

PW 33/RND 1

PW 21/ KLS10

PW 22/K LS11

PW 27/ KLS14

PW 31/ CHN DL2

PW 29/CHN DP 2

PW 28/CHN DP1

PW 30/CHNDP3

PW 34/ RND 2

PW 32 /BMD2PW 11/KDK8

PW 19/KLS8PW 16/KLS 5

PW 24/ KLS12

PW 25/KLS15

PW 15/KLS 4

PW 26/ CHN DL1

PW 17/KLS 6PW 18/K LS7

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Kolsur G P

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Banker More

Jamey M osq ue

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Bakult ala Bus Stop

KalitawlaC h ond ipur

Suka nto Mondol Hou se

2 0 2 Miles

N

EW

S

Project Well: North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, IndiaLocation Map of the dugwells constructed

in 2001 to 2004

22°46'13" 22°46'13"

22°47'12" 22°47'12"

22°48'11" 22°48'11"

22°49'10" 22°49'10"

22°50'09" 22°50'09"

88°42'17"

88°42'17"

88°43'16"

88°43'16"

88°44'15"

88°44'15"

88°45'14"

88°45'14"

88°46'13"

88°46'13"

88°47'12"

88°47'12"

88°48'11"

88°48'11"

( Modified Dugwells

Landmarks&V AKS Clubb Bakultala Bus Stop$T Banker More; Chondipur GP&\ Jamey Mosque$Z Kalitawla More; Kolsur GP; Kolsur School$T MograHabraÑ SR Church

Updated on: January 2005Material for Dissemination and Coordination

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PW 05 /R H1

PW 23 /R H2

PW 01 /KD K1

PW 02/KDK2

PW 03 /SM P3

PW 04 /KDK4

PW 06 /KDK3

PW 07 /KDK5

PW 08 /KDK7

PW 09 /SM P1

PW 10/BM D1

PW 12 /KL S1

PW 13 /KL S2

PW 14 /KL S3

PW 20 /KL S9

PW 33 /R ND1

PW 21 /KL S10

PW 22 /KL S11

PW 27 /KL S14

PW 31 /C HN DL2

PW 29 /C HN DP2

PW 28 /CHN D P1

PW 30 /CHN DP3

PW 34 /RND 2

PW 32/BMD2PW 11/KDK8

PW 19 /KL S8

PW 16/KL S5

PW 24 /KL S12

PW 25 /KL S15

PW 15/KLS4

PW 26 /C HN DL1

PW 17 /KLS6PW 18 /KL S7

AKS Club

SR Church

Kolsur GP

Mogra

Bankermore

Jamey Mosque

Chondipur GP

Kolsur School

Bakultala Bus StopKalitawla

PW 36 /KH 2

PW 37 /KH 3

PW 39 /KH5

PW 42 /KH 8

PW 43 /K H 9PW 44 /K H1 0

PW 4 1 /K H7

PW 40 /K H8

PW 3 5/K H1 1

PW 3 8 /K H4

To Habra

To Maslandpur Railway Station

To Basirhat

%[

PW 45 /KL S13

$

$$

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'W

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'W

$

3 0 3 6 Miles

N

EW

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'W 2004 - 8

# 2003 - 20

$ 2002 - 5Monitored for Arsenic Levels

%[ 2001 - 1

% 2005 - 11

Dugwells by Year

22°46'13" 22°46 '13"

22°47'12" 22°47 '12"

22°48'11" 22°48 '11"

22°49'10" 22°49 '10"

22°50'09" 22°50 '09"

88°40'19"

88°40'19"

88°41'18"

88°41'18"

88°42'17"

88°42'17"

88°43'16"

88°43'16"

88°44'15"

88°44'15"

88°45'14"

88°45'14"

88°46'13"

88°46'13"

88°47'12"

88°47'12"

2004

2005

Page 20: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

LOCATION MAP OF PROJECT WELL 72 DUGWELLS in TWO BLOCKS OF N24PARGANAS, WEST BENGAL, INDIA

Page 21: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Advantages of mapping:

*Construction of dugwells is done during the dry months. The logistics of transporting labor and material can be planned and coordinated efficiently by using the map.

*Used for Follow up, Surveillance & Tracking (GIS).

* Dissemination and Co-ordination .

Page 22: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Creation of databaseCreation of database

1. Select sites, record geocodes and assign dugwell ID;2 Mapping of the selected sites;

3. To record the data Microsoft Access and Excel are used on separate forms;

4. Evaluation Surveys from time to time;5. Monthly Survey to record the depth of water, odor, color and

taste and complaints of the consumer, if any;

Page 23: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

The forms are:1. Form A: Demography of the households in respect to the dugwell

georeferences;

2. Form B: Record of physical structure of each DW including construction detail;

3. Form C: Measurement of Theoline and depth of water (monthly);4. Form D: Consumer Record & Physical Status of DW water

(monthly_Follow_Up);

5. Form E: Annual Dredging and Repairs;

6. Form F: Checklist;

7. Form G: Initial and Annual Arsenic including chain of custody;

8. Form H: Initial Bacteria including chain of custody;

9. Form I: Measurements of other contaminants in a few wells including chain of custody.

Page 24: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Creation of databaseCreation of database

1. Select sites, record geocodes and assign dugwell ID;2. Mapping of the selected sites;3. Create Database: Microsoft Access and Excel are used to record

the data on separate forms;

4. Surveys and evaluations from time to time;

5. Monthly Survey to record the depth of water, odor, color and taste and complaints of the consumer, if any.

Page 25: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Water Analysis

3. Arsenic: Initial and annual,

4. Bacteria: Total Coliform and Fecal Coliform (initial)

7. 13 Heavey metals of selected dugwells (antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, fluoride, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium and zinc).

8. Evaluation of the response of the community based groups,

9. Record of gastro intestinal incidences, if any.

10. Selection of filter type.

7. Evaluation of the efficacy of the earthen filters

Page 26: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Arsenic concentrations of 20 dugwells 2003_2007

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

PW1PW2

PW3PW4

PW6PW7

PW10PW11

PW12PW13

PW14PW15

PW17PW20

PW21PW22

PW26PW27

PW28PW29

Dugwells

Arse

nic i

n m

icrog

m/l 2003

2004200520062007Linear (2007)

Gaps indicate either closed well (#1) or dry (#2,3,4,13,20,22), or no users (#15,27), not yet constructed (#10)

Page 27: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Bacteria

Bacteria analysis for Total and Fecal Coliform is done 30 days after the first application of the disinfectant. During this period people are advised to use water after boiling.

(Theoline contains sodium hypochlorite with 5-10% chlorine in solution. USEPA std: to disinfect 100 gallons, need 24 ounces of bleach).

From each source blind, duplicate samples are collected and taken to the lab within 6 hours of collection.

• Analysis is done in a reliable laboratory.

Page 28: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

006002006PW48200410402004PW26

2006303002006PW47200505252003PW25

2006703002006PW462005050002004PW23

200510032502005PW45200310132003PW22

200611015002005PW44200310302003PW21

2006002005PW432003057502003PW20

200603102005PW422003804602003PW19

200628010002005PW412003002003PW17

200505752005PW40200430802003PW16

2006039002005PW3920040202003PW14

2005077502005PW382003002003PW13

200504752005PW372003002003PW12

2005065002005PW3620030202003PW11

2005050002005PW35200410302004PW10

2005032502004PW342004401702002PW7

2005045002004PW332005055002002PW6

2004501602004PW3220040102004PW5

20040102004PW3120040102002PW4

20030302003PW292004201502002PW3

20030202003PW28200520702002PW2

Test_YrFCTCConst.Y

rDW IDTest_YrFCTCConst.Y

rDW ID

Initial Bacterial counts of 40 functional dugwells in different years

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Tracking of Dugwell use and survey shows that chlorine

smell for more than 5-7 days was pushing away the initial

users.

Page 30: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

607811562.91041.57

2236701339.7892.76

1865581116.4743.95

149447893.1595.14

112335669.8446.33

74223446.6297.62

37112223.3148.81

Current dose (every week)

(every third week)

(as per EPA stnd)

Measured by applicant

1/3 dose (ml)Half dose (ml)Full Dose (ml)

Volume of water

Height of water (ft)

CHART THEOLINE

Volume of water: Total depth- depth to water = height of water in feetUSEPA std = To disinfect 100 gallons, need 24 ounces of bleach

Theoline contain sodium hypochlorite with 5-10% chlorine in solution

Page 31: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Creation of databaseCreation of database

1. Select sites, record geocodes and assign dugwell ID2. Mapping of the selected sites3. Create Database: Microsoft Access and Excel are used to

record the data on separate forms.4. Surveys and evaluations from time to time.

5. Monthly Survey to record the depth of water, odor, color and taste and complaints of the consumer, if any.

This data enabled us to identify the problems and solve some of them.

Page 32: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

conomically backwardChondipur172003PW30CHNDP310deep tubewellKolsur182003PW27KLS149

faulty ConstructionChandalati182003PW25KLS158deep tubewellKolsur202003PW24KLS127

faulty ConstructionChandalati152003PW19KLS86faulty ConstructionChandalati122003PW18KLS75

economically backwardKolsur182003PW15KLS44

deep tubewellSimulpur202001PW09SMP13faulty ConstructionN Kamdebkati122003PW08KDK72faulty ConstructionN Kamdebkati142003PW01KDK11

Why Closed?VillageOriginal

DepthConst.

YearDW IDSL. #

Out of 48 dugwells 10 are closed, why?

Data Tracking Report of closed dugwells, as of July 2007

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06 1200 208 30030 / 38 79June_07

793112018028028 / 3874May_07

856116019229029 / 3876April_07

869116018929029 / 4073Mar_07

914116019529029 / 4073Feb_07

910120020130030 / 4075Jan_07

917116020029029 / 4073Dec_06

768112016128028 / 4070Nov_06

64492013623023 / 4058Oct_06

63284013221021 / 4053Sept_06

667104014326026 / 4065Aug_06

670100013924024 / 4060July_06

732108015329029 / 4073June_06

71188014922022 / 3759May_06

790104017326026 / 3770April_06

687104014326026 / 3770March_06

816120017227027 / 3773Feb_06

934108019527027 / 3773Jan_06

946108019027027 / 3773Dec_05

Current BExpect BCurrent BFExpect BFNo. of

dugwells% functional dws_usedMonths

Tracking

Functional

dw

Page 34: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Tracking of Dugwell use

Even with the reduction of the theoline dose the people were complaining about the smell of chlorine and the number of users is still below the expected level.

How to increase the number of consumers?

Page 35: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

In August 2006 introduced weekly health meetings and in November 2006 introduced earthen, ‘mawtka’ filters.

Page 36: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Data Tracking Observations as of July 2007 of 9 functional dugwells not being used

nd: not done

?normalnonenonend192005PW41KH79?normalnonenonend162004PW34RND28

site selectionnormalnonenonend152004PW32BMD27

economically backwardnormalnonenone11.5ft142003PW21KLS106

color and odornormalodor, lowturbid l14ft192003PW20KLS95

odornormalorganic,

lturbid mnd182003PW16KLS54

economically backwardnormaliron,lowiron,lownd182003PW14KLS33

presence of sand (until June 8 families were

using)normalnoneturbid m12.8ft162003PW13KLS22

?normalnonenone8.5ft182004PW05RH11Why not used?TasteOdorColor

Depth of

water

Original

DepthConstYearDW ID

SL. #

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8849Total274PW48KDK1- R7920PW47KDK7- R8225PW46KLS7- R

Beneficiaries

B FamiliesDugwell ID #

Sponsor: Mosaique, Quebec Canada

Replaced dugwells in 2006

Page 38: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

PW7/KDK3: constructed in 2002

January 2007: 15 families and 87 beneficiaries

February 2007: only 1 family of 9 members

846As in ppb

Tubewell near PW7

# PW7Conc.

Date of analysis: 5 May 2007

Page 39: Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water …wilsonweb.physics.harvard.edu/freshman_seminar/READING_on...Surveillance Program to Monitor Quality of Water and Efficient Use of

Few facts of India: TODAY

• According to the Transparency International Corruption Perception Index India ranks 70th out of 163 countries same as China (UK-11th, USA-20th).

* Internet users: Total 60 million only

* Population 1.06 billion (2004) increase to 1.12 billion (July 2007 est.)

* Current Growth Rate, GDP is : 9.2% (2006)

* 25% live under Poverty line: 282 million (< $1 a day)

* 60% labor is from rural sector

* (Source: mostly from CIA World Factbook)

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Workers of AWS: Farida Bibi, Suprio Das, Sekhar Pal, Dennis Baroi and Biswajit Karmakar. (Use of bike has increased the mobility of the field workers.)

Change in work culture: team work, work whenever they can as long the work is done. Cross checking of data recorded is essential with the help of the map and

dugwell IDs to improve the practice of data collection.

$Z$Z$Z$Z

$Z$Z$Z $Z$Z$Z

$Z

&V

&V

&V

&V&V

&V

&V

&V

#

#

#

#

#

##

###

#

##

#

#

#

#

#

#

#

#Y

%a

%a

%a

%a%a

PW29/CHNDP2

PW28/CHNDP1

PW 30/CHNDP3

PW34/RND2

PW32/BMD2PW11/KDK8

PW19/KLS8PW16/KLS5

PW24/KLS12

PW25/KLS15

PW15/KLS4

PW26/CHNDL1PW17/KLS6

PW18/KLS7

PW43/KH9PW44/KH10PW41/KH7

PW40/KH8

PW35/KH11

PW38/KH4

PW45/KLS13

PW05/RH1

PW23/RH2

PW01/KDK1

PW02/KDK2

PW03/SMP3

PW04/KDK4

PW06/KDK3

PW07/KDK5

PW08/KDK7

PW09/SMP1

PW10/BMD1

PW12/KLS1

PW13/KLS2

PW14/KLS3

PW20/KLS9

PW33/RND1

PW21/KLS10

PW22/KLS11

PW27/KLS14

PW31/CHNDL2

PW36/KH2PW37/KH3

PW39/KH5PW42/KH8

BankermoreTo Maslandpur Railway Station

Mogra

To Bashirhat

To Habra

3 0 3 6 Miles

N

EW

S

Number of Dugwells (year of construction)

The roads are sketched by joining few intersections

5 (2002)%a

1 (2001)#Y

20 (2003) #

8 (2004) &V

11 (2005)$Z

22°46'13" 22°46'13"

22°47'12" 22°47'12"

22°48'11" 22°48'11"

22°49'10" 22°49'10"

22°50'09" 22°50'09"

88°40'19"

88°40'19"

88°41'18"

88°41'18"

88°42'17"

88°42'17"

88°43'16"

88°43'16"

88°44'15"

88°44'15"

88°45'14"

88°45'14"

88°46'13"

88°46'13"

88°47'12"

88°47'12"

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LOCATION MAP OF PROJECT WELL 72 DUGWELLS in TWO BLOCKS OF N24PARGANAS, WEST BENGAL, INDIA

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The founding members of Project WellThe founding members of Project Well

Prof. Allan H Smith, Epidemiology, advisor, Project Well (Professor, University of California, Berkeley, USA)

Dr. Timir Hore, Hydrogeology, advisor, Project well(Vice President, C&H consultant, New Jersey, USA)

Dr. Meera M Hira-Smith, Geography, Director, Project Well (Researcher, University of California, Berkeley, USA)

Mr. Protap Chakravarti, Geology, advisor, Project Well(ex-director of Geological Survey of India)

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Other members and advisors of Project WellOther members and advisors of Project Well

Prof. Richard Wilson, Physics, Harvard University, USA Cynthia Green, Environmental Chemistry, Secretary, Project Well Dr. Xavier Savarimuthu, Environmental Science, Ex-Fogarty trainee Jane Liaw, arsenic study of health research group, University of

California, Berkeley, USA. *Mr. Saumendra Nath Banerjee, Geologist

Ex- advisors

* Mr. D.K Chakraborty, Civil Engineer, LKP

*Dr. DN Guha Mazumder, gastroenterologist, IPGME&R

*Dr. Dipankar Chakraborty,Chemistry SOES

*Dr. S Banerjee, Chemistry, CSME

PW members are from multi-discipline

Thank You

Other members of Aqua Welfare Society

•Mr. Amal Ghosh, President,

•Mr. Uday Mukherjee, Secretary

•Mrs. Alpana Hira Davidson, Treasurer

Funds: Private donations, Mosaique of Quebec, Canada, Rotary, Fogarty

International and Blue Planet Run