NAME - SURUMI.K

REGISTER NUMBER - 13367025

CONCEPT - HYBRIDISATION

OPTION - NATURAL SCIENCE

COLLEAGE - JAMEELA BEEVI

MEMORIAL CENTRE FOR TEACHER

EDUCATION

HYBRIDISATION

When a plant or animal is bred with a plant or animal from

different stock, the process is known as hybridization.

There are numerous reasons to create hybrids, including

increasing genetic diversity and breeding for specific traits.

It is frequently practiced in agriculture, to make stronger,

healthier plants with desirable characteristics.

The most common type of hybridization involves crossing two organisms

of different breeds within the same species. This is also called

crossbreeding.

In agriculture, it is used to create healthier crops or new flavors, such as

the tangelo, a cross between a tangerine and a pomelo.

In agriculture, it is vitally important to maintain genetic diversity, and by

extension the health and longevity of a crop.

Many large agricultural companies engage in mono cropping, planting

only one strain of one crop, which is very harmful for diversity and for the

plant.

In animal breeding, hybridization is used to create new breeds or to make

a breed stronger.

Many purebred animals are also inbred, due to a limited genetic pool,

which tends to bring out genetic defects in animals.

By hybridizing, breeders bring fresh genes into the mix, although the

resulting animal is not a purebred. Depending on the rules of the stud book

for the breed, this may or may not matter.

In some cases, a crossbred animal can be bred to purebreds to bring the

next generation more in alignment with the breed standard, and the mixed

breed animals will be accepted into the studbook.

In another variation, two animals of different species within the same

genus are bred to each other.

This is not always possible, and when it can be achieved, the resulting

animal or crop is often sterile.

Most animals hybridized in this way, such as mules and zorses, a

horse/zebra cross, cannot reproduce naturally. Plant hybrids, on the other

hand, are usually perfectly capable of breeding.

This will increase the overall genetic health of the plant population, and in

some cases will bring out a desired trait, such as seedlessness.

Hybridization also occurs in nature, and it can bring out favorable traits

from two different gene pools.

It allows animals to adapt to changing environments, and if the hybrids

thrive, a new species may emerge.

HYBRID VARIETIES

ZAM BOANGA RESEARCH CENTRE-COCONUT AND OIL PALM