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Surigao

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City of Surigao

Siyudad nan Surigao

City

Surigao City aerial view

Seal

Map ofSurigao del Norteshowing the location of Surigao City.

City of SurigaoLocation in the Philippines

Coordinates: 947N 12529ECoordinates:947N 12529E

Country Philippines

Region Caraga

Province Surigao del Norte

District 2nd district of Surigao del Norte

Founded June 29, 1655

Cityhood August 31, 1970

Barangays 54

GovernmentMayor Ernesto Matugas (Liberal Party)

Area

Total 245.34 km2

(94.73 sq mi)

Population (2010)

Total 138,228

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Density 566/km2 (1,470/sq mi)

Time zone PHT(UTC+8)

ZIP Code 8400

Income class 1st Class Component City

The City of Surigao (Filipino pronunciation: (s-rh-GA) (Filipino:Lungsod ng Surigao;Surigaonon:Siyudad nan Surigao) is located at the northeasternmost tip ofMindanao IslandinthePhilippinesand the capital of theprovinceofSurigao del Norte, Philippines. It has a total

land area of 245.34 km2

which is roughly 1.4% ofCaragaRegion. According to the 2010 census,

138,228[1]

people live in the city with an annual growth rate of 1.52%. An average of 565persons live per square kilometer, making it the most densely populated urban area in the entire

Caraga Region. The demonym for a Surigao resident is Surigaonon or Surigueo.

Surigao town as shown on a historical Mindanao map

The absence of afortin Surigao belies its significance and sphere of influence during the

Spanish period. It was the capital of the expansive province of the same name from 1750 until its

dissolution in 1911, covering a third of Mindanao Island's total land area. It is the oldest town inMindanao, founded by Spanish colonizers in 1655 who named it Distrito de Caraga. It was a

vital port town for transport of goods to neighboring islands in the archipelago. Today, Surigao is

one of the most important seaports in Mindanao for gross registered cargo handled[1]. It isranked consistently by theAsian Institute of Managementas one of the most competitive cities

in the Philippines with a total income of approximately 500 million pesos in 2010.

The city has abundant mineral reserves including gold, iron, manganese, silica, cobalt, copper,

chromite and among the world's largest nickel deposits in Nonoc Island. Diverse species of fish

and aquatic life can be found within its territorial sea boundaries. The city falls under the tropicalclimate type and prone to brief afternoon downpours and thunderstorms. Its location makes it an

ideal jump off point for adventure-seeking tourists who visit nearby islands ofSiargao,Dinagat

andBucas Grande. It is alsoMindanao's closest landmass to theVisayasregion, separated 11

nautical milesbySurigao Straitand a 40-minute ferry ride toPanaon Island. Surigao is the centerof politics, commerce, industry and education for the entire province as well as parts of

neighboring provinces ofSurigao del Sur,Agusan del Norte,BoholandSouthern Leyte.

[edit] Etymology

According to local historians, there are many versions regarding the meaning of Surigao and how

this was derived. LikeSulo, which means sulog or current, the name Surigao may have been

originally coined from the Spanish word surgir, meaning swift current.

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There is also a popular legend about Visayan fishermen who went adrift on a stormy day at the

mouth of today's Surigao River. With boats wrecked, they were unable to sail back to sea. Theywere met by a docile village chieftain named Solibao who offered them his abode. The fishermen

helped the chieftain procure food for daily subsistence for everyone in the village in exchange

for his hospitality. One day, with much luck, they were able to paddle back home after other

fishermen came close to the village they now named after Solibao. Some of the men eventuallyreturned and settled in the area, lured by their fortunate experience with Solibao. Years later

during the 15th century, the Spanish galleons dropped anchor near the settlement and came

ashore. The Spanish historian, worn from the long transpacific journey misheard the peoplewhen he asked for the name of the place, and wrote in his diaries Surigao instead, referring to the

land at the northeasternmost tip of Mindanao Island.

The town was renamedCaragaafter its founding, derived from the word calagan which means

"land of the brave" or "fierce people". The Italian adventurerGiovanni Francesco Gemelli

Careri, who published a book of travel in the country, citedFrancisco Combes, S.J. as a source insaying that Calagan is derived from the two Visayan words, kalag for soul and an for people.

Today, Caraga is the official name referring to the entire Region XIII, created through RepublicAct No. 7901 on February 25, 1995, making it the newest region in the Philippines.

[edit] History

Surigao Province 1898

[edit] Spanish Era

Ferdinand Magellansailed into the Philippine Archipelago, reaching the island ofHomonhon, inan epic voyage of discovery and eventualcircumnavigationof the world in 1521. Magellan'sfleet proceeded toLimasawathroughSurigao Strait, a notch northwest of the city's pelagic

boundaries, before dropping anchor on the waters off the island ofCebu, ushering the Spanish

colonization of the Philippines.

Present day Surigao originated from a site in the city proper formerly known as Bilang-Bilang

where it served as a port of call for inter-island vessels. Later, it was renamed Banahao whichbecame an integral part of the old district ofCaraga, a town founded on June 29, 1655. After

Caolo, present day Siargao, burned in 1750, Surigao became the capital of the expansive

geopolitical, eclessiastical and military district of Surigao which reached the fringes ofDavao

and would include today's provinces of Surigao del Sur, Agusan del Norte,Agusan del Sur, partsofCompostela Valley,Misamis Oriental,Davao del NorteandDavao Oriental. It officially

became the permanent residence of theAugustinian Recollectson February 1, 1752 when all the

canonical books were moved from Caolo to Surigao. The first canonical books bore the signatureof Fr. Lucas de la Cruz. Previously, the place was just a "vista" of the parish in Caolo. Its

strategic location and new status as the seat of government was costly. Surigao witnessed violentterritorial struggles as it suffered ultimately from relentlessMororaids. In 1752, the town wasdevastated. Most of its 2,000 inhabitants were either killed or taken as slaves by the Moros.

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First and Official Flag Raising in Mindanao. Father Alberto Masoliver, S.J., during his stint as

the parish priest of Surigao in 1898, kept a compilation of his diaries, entitledDiario de la Casa

de Surigao. His diaries are currently stored in the Jesuit archives at Centro Borja, Sant Cugat del

Valles, Spain. He thus wrote in December 26, 1898, Before 10:00 AM, the tri-color was hoistedfrom Casa Real ( seat of provincial government) and the Tribunal without any formalities

without anybodys attention being drawn..these people have no idea of what it is all about, andif they have how peaceful and without malice they are.". Surigao then was the cabecera andthe seat of government of the province of Caraga which had jurisdiction over Surigao, Butuan

andCagayan de Misamis( Cagayan de Oro City). Alejandro ( Jantoy) Gonzalez was thepresident of the Junta Provincial of Surigao during the time of the first flag hoisting.

Controversy about the location of the FirstPhilippine FlagRaising in Mindanao.The Philippines'National Historical Institutecarries the mandate to decide on historical

matters and to erect national markers. In a roundtable held on January 2000, the

historians decided that the raising of the flag on December 26, 1898 by AlejandroGonzalez in Surigao was duly sanctioned byEmilio Aguinaldo's government. The

installation of the NHI marker marker in Surigao City followed suit .[2]

[edit] American Period

At the turn of the century in 1901, the American colonizers established a civil government in the

province of Surigao, keeping the town of Surigao as its capital. Surigao was then among thelargest municipalities in land area with a jurisdiction of 949.90 square kilometers, larger than

today'sButuan. During this period, there was only one main road, the Old Spanish road. The

commercial area, market and plaza ( Luneta) were all situated in one small area. In 1930, the Old

Spanish road was abandoned and a new provincial road was constructed. The Casa Real wasbuilt where municipal administrators would hold their official functions.

[edit] World War II

Further information:Battle of Surigao Strait

Surigao featured prominently in World War II's Pacific theater. On May 23, 1942, the JapaneseImperial Army under Colonel Yoshie occupied Surigao after arriving from Butuan. They

formally took over on May 28, 1942 under Lieutenant Ichichara, taking control from MayorAmat. Filipino guerrilla units based in Surigao continued to operate in the hinterlands. Liberation

from the Japanese rule dawned on September 9, 1944. American planes started their campaign

by bombing the town in the early morning. It was followed by a strafing of all Japanese warships

docked at the Surigao wharf, which came to transport fresh troops and supplies to their forces inLeyte. No less than fifty warships were sunk by the raiding American bomber planes. After the

attack, not a single Japanese ship was seen afloat. The following month, on October 2425, the

famous Battle of Surigao Strait, the final line battle in naval history, was fiercely fought by alliedforces against the Japanese fleet. By April 12, 1945, the whole province of Surigao was liberated

from Japanese occupation.

[edit] Post War

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Surigao Provincial Capitol

Massive reconstruction followed the destruction brought by the war. The Surigao Provincial

Capitol was completed in 1946 atop the hill overlooking the city. Other facilities were builtincluding schools, athletic field and municipal jail. In 1948, the first election of municipal

officials was held. In the same year, construction of the Surigao Provincial Hospital commenced.Six years later in 1954, construction of the first municipal building started and was completed in

1955. Economic activities continued to flourish with the launching of gold mining operations by

Mindanao Mother Lode Mines in Mabuhay, 10 kilometers away from the city. Rapid economicgrowth and immigration resulted to losing some of its fishing and agricultural barrios as they

were converted into towns ofMalimono(July 31, 1956),Anao-aon(May 24, 1957) andSison

(September 15, 1959). Earlier that same year, settlements including Capalayan, Libuac,

Catadman, Mat-i, Lipata,Dakung Patag,Bunyasan, Cantapoy,Balite, andBambanon wereelevated into barrios, the forerunner of modern day barangays.[2]At that time, Surigao was

classified as a 1st Class B municipality with an annual income of P160,000.00 and a populationof nearly 50,000. It was primarily an agricultural town producing mainly copra and basic staplesincluding rice, corn, bananas and rootcrops. Fishing was also a major source of livelihood. OnSeptember 18, 1960, pursuant to the Republic Act 2786 dated June 19, 1960, the province of

Surigao was divided into Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur.[3]

The town of Surigao remained

as a capital, this time for the province of Surigao del Norte.

The town's growth seemed unstoppable. Already, it had a domestic airport, three movie houses,

three hotels and two hospitals. However, on November 19, 1964, tragedy befell the town as itsaw its most massive destruction yet. It was in the direct path of supertyphoon Ining,

internationally code- namedLouise[3], with peak winds at 190 miles per hour. The wrath of the

storm was severe and devastation wide, both in infrastructure and human lives. Just as theyovercame the destruction of the war, the townspeople's tenacity was again proven as they

participated in the town's rebuilding. In a short time, three years later in 1967, Pacific Cement

Corporation[4]started commercial operations in Mabuhay, producing among the highest quality

cement in the country. In 1969, Marinduque Mining Industrial Corporation started nickelexploration in Nonoc Island with an initial capitalization of Php1.0 billion pesos, ushering a new

era of prosperity.

[edit] Cityhood

Pursuant to Republic Act No. 6134, Surigao was converted to a chartered city on August 31,

1970 with Pedro Espina as its first city mayor.

[edit] Culture

[edit] People

Surigao is home to one of the country's oldest and most colorful tribes, the Mamanwa. They are

similar to theNegritoesofLuzon Islandin features and stature. They are generally short, dark-

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malimonohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malimonohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malimonohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anao-aon&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anao-aon&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anao-aon&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sison,_Surigao_del_Nortehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sison,_Surigao_del_Nortehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sison,_Surigao_del_Nortehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surigao_City#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surigao_City#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surigao_City#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surigao_City#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surigao_City#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surigao_City#cite_note-2http://www.typhoon2000.ph/stormstats/WorstMindanaoTyphoons.htmhttp://www.typhoon2000.ph/stormstats/WorstMindanaoTyphoons.htmhttp://www.typhoon2000.ph/stormstats/WorstMindanaoTyphoons.htmhttp://www.pacemco.com/home.htmlhttp://www.pacemco.com/home.htmlhttp://www.pacemco.com/home.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surigao&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surigao&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surigao&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surigao&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surigao&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surigao&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surigao&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surigao&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negritoeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negritoeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negritoeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Surigao_Provincial_Capitol.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon_Islandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negritoeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surigao&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surigao&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surigao&action=edit&section=7http://www.pacemco.com/home.htmlhttp://www.typhoon2000.ph/stormstats/WorstMindanaoTyphoons.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surigao_City#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surigao_City#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sison,_Surigao_del_Nortehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anao-aon&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malimono

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skinned with a crop of short kinky hair. Forced to settle in the hinterlands due to development,

they continued to practice their customs and traditions. The faith about Kahimunan, one of theirmany tribal festivities, highlights music and graceful dancing. Revelers chant and play while

accompanied by native musical instruments including the gimbar (drum), gong and bamboo

percussion called kalatong and katik. Wild pigs, chicken and indigenous fruits including the rare

kayape are among the offerings. A baylan ( priest) presides the celebration as a tribute andinvocation to their godMagbabaya and departed ancestors for good health and abundant harvest.

Bonok BonokFestival revelers

Mamanwas are also known for their creative patterns, brass jewelries and indigenous crafts,displayed proudly on their costumes as they fill the streets at the height of the Bonok Bonok

Maradjao Karadjao Festival every September 9, celebrated on the occasion of the feast ofSanNicolas de Tolentino, Surigao City's patron saint.Bonok-bonokand its prehistoric origins was

another ritual to thank their gods, presided by various village chieftains and their wives.Happiness and friendship are expressed through dancing, chanting and singing. They wavescarves ofbanay as symbols of goodwill, wealth and blessings for all tribal villages.

Today, Mamanwas remain in the highland hinterlands and occasionally descend to sell or barterhandicrafts and fresh harvests. Their numbers are unknown as groups still move constantly in

search of budding greens. Bands still subsist on foraging even as their hunting and gathering

lifestyle has changed over the years.

Periods of boom attracted many residents from various ethnic groups around the country

includingBoholanos,Tagalogs,Ilonggos,Warays,Cebuanosand otherVisayangroups who

eventually settled here.

[edit] Folklore

The Diwata mountain range and wilderness is a formidable backbone emerging from Mindanao's

northern tip in Surigao to its southernmost end in Davao. Locals believe these mountains are

alive and home to nonhuman elements roaming its vastness. They warn mountain trekkers ofkeeping an eye for theTikbalangor demon horse, a patchwork of a creature with a head and

hooves of a horse and a body of a man. Legend tells how these creatures mislead travelers,

eventually losing their way inside the dense forests and never finding their way out.

Thinking of a refreshing swim in one of Surigao's swift rivers or immerse in Lake Mainit'sserene waters? Beware of theBakunawa, a winged giant serpent with a red tongue, saw- liketeeth and gigantic bulging eyes peering occasionally above the water. It is known to swallow

small children and babies at the snap of its wide fleshy mouth.

While these mysterious creatures' presence is unpredictable and only often heard lurking around

when kids misbehave, adventurous visitors are mostly tempted to make a pitstop in coastal

villages at the foot of this rugged terrain, eager to hear stories about them. If one would ask, he

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Nicolas_de_Tolentinohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Nicolas_de_Tolentinohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Nicolas_de_Tolentinohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Nicolas_de_Tolentinohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boholano_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boholano_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boholano_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagalogshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagalogshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagalogshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilonggoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilonggoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilonggoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waray_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waray_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waray_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebuanoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebuanoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebuanoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visayanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visayanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visayanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surigao&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surigao&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surigao&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikbalanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikbalanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikbalanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Mainithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Mainithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Mainithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakunawahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakunawahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakunawahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bonokbonokrevelers.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakunawahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Mainithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikbalanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surigao&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visayanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cebuanoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waray_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilonggoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagalogshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boholano_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Nicolas_de_Tolentinohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Nicolas_de_Tolentino

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will almost certainly be guaranteed to hear firsthand accounts of close encounters with these

creatures. The stories are told by elders, usually as the sun sets and darkness falls, the sound ofthe leaves rustling and branches breaking as the wind forces its way through the dense

underbrush, as the full moon shimmers at waters edge, foreboding the arrival of an impending

danger as children gather close to home, away from the shadows of the cunning Tikbalang and

Bakunawa.

[edit] Language

Surigaonon, the official language in the city and province is unique among theVisayandialects.

It is also spoken by the majority of the population in the province of Surigao del Sur and around

Lake Mainit in Agusan del Norte. Similarities with theCebuanolanguage is undeniable,however, staunch Cebuano speakers can hardly understand people who speak Surigaonon. There

is no doubt Surigaonon existed as pure and distinct, slowly pelted overtime by Visayan words as

migrants settled in the area. Today, Surigaonon is the most widely spoken dialect inherent in the

entire Caraga region.

Surigaonon has similar consonant and vowel sounds, stress, intonation patterns to the Cebuano

language andBoholanolanguages. Surigaonon underwent certain morphophonemic processes,such as assimilation, deletion, alternation and metathesis (Dumanig, 2005). In the study

conducted by Dumanig (2005) on Descriptive Analysis of Surigaonon language it was found that

there are 18 consonants (b,d,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,ng,p,r,s,t,w,y,o,?) with 18 sounds and 3 vowels (a,i,u)with 5 sounds. It has also 25 noun clusters (br, bl, bw, by, dr, dy, dw, gr, gw, kr, kl, kw, mw, my,

nw, pr, pl, pw, py, sw, sy, tr, tw, ty, hw) and 4 diphthongs (aw, ay, iw, uy), which are similar to

the Cebuano language (Rubrico, 1999). There are Surigaonon words that are spelled similarly

but they differ in meaning depending on how each syllable is stressed (Dumanig, 2005).Surigaonon language follows two intonation patterns like the rising and falling intonation. The

rising intonation is common in asking yes or no questions and the falling intonation occurs inending declarative and imperative statements (Dumanig, 2005)[5]

[edit] Geography

[edit] Location

Basul Island

Surigao City is geographically situated9470N 125290E(9.783333, +125.483333).[4]at thenortheasternmost tip of Mindanao Island. It is bounded by Municipalities ofDinagatandBasilisa

to the north,Philippine Seaand the Municipality ofCagdianaoto the east, Municipalities of

SisonandTagana-anto the south,Mindanao Seaand the Municipality ofSan Franciscoto thewest and the historicSurigao Straitto the northwest.

[edit] Topography

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Surigao City is marked by rolling hills that gently buffers its eastern and western boundaries. To

the southwest towers the Kabangkaan Ridge which divides the city from the municipality ofSanFrancisco( formerly called Anao-aon). Kinabutan River ( otherwise known as Surigao River)

meanders Surigao valley before it empties to the Surigao tidal basin, a shrinking mangrove

swamp fast overtaken by the city's expansion. It has an average elevation of 19 meters or 65.5 ft.

above sea level. The highest elevation on the mainland at the Kabangkaan Ridge has a peakelevation of 465 meters above sea level. Along the border of Tagana-an is Mapawa Peak with an

elevation of 245 meters above sea level. Barangays Cabongbongan, Nabago and Capalayan are

at the foot of its slopes.

More than two dozen islands and islets make up two fifths of the city's total land area. They areseparated from the mainland byHinituan Passage, which connectsMindanao Seato thePacific

Ocean. The largest island of Nonoc is marked by a rusty-red weathering mantle of lateritic nickel

ore, visible from any vantage point on the mainland coast. Its highest elevation at 263 meters

above sea level typifies most of its hilly terrain. Across the channel at Hikdop Island, the highestpoint is Mt. Telegrapo at 100.05 meters. Hinituan Island is similar to Nonoc's bare and rusty-red

hilly appearance. Other notable islands of Hanigad, Sibale, Bayaganan and Awasan are generallyflat, covered mostly with coconut trees and assorted hardwoods. Large swaths of mangrove andnipa palmforests cover its brackish waterways and shallow fringes of its coastlines.

[edit] Climate

Like most of the country, Surigao is officially considered to have atropical rainforest climate

type,KppenclassAfwith an average precipitation of above 10 inches a year. The city is

normally spared of destructive typhoons that visit the northern parts of the Philippines annually,

however, it is distinctly wettest between the months of October until April. During the drierseason from May until mid-September, it uniformly receives afternoon rain and thunderstorms.

The evenings are typically cooler during the dry season, mitigated by breezes from thesurrounding seas.

[hide]Climate data for Surigao City, Philippines

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year

Average high

C (F)

29

(84)

29

(84)

30

(86)

31

(88)

32

(90)

32

(90)

32

(89)

32

(90)

32

(90)

32

(89)

31

(87)

29

(85)

30.92

(87.66)

Average low

C (F)

22

(72)

22

(72)

23

(73)

23

(74)

24

(75)

24

(75)

24

(75)

24

(75)

24

(75)

24

(75)

23

(74)

23

(73)

23

(74)

Precipitation

mm (inches)

582.4

(22.93)

389.1

(15.32)

283.5

(11.16)

196

(7.7)

123.4

(4.86)

114

(4.5)

137

(5.4)

115.1

(4.53)

122.4

(4.82)

216

(8.5)

378.2

(14.89)

429.5

(16.91)

1,015.5

(39.98)Source:http://www.wunderground.com/NORMS/DisplayIntlNORMS.asp?CityCode=98653&Units=english

[edit] Government

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Surigao City is governed via the mayor-council system. The city council, nationally called

Sangguniang Panlungsod, consists of the vice mayor and 12 council members. The mayor iselected directly every three years.

[edit] Administrative divisions

Surigao City is subdivided into 54barangays, 34 in the mainland and 20 in the islands. Of the 36

coastal barangays, 15 are in the mainland and 20 are in the islands. The urban area covers 15barangays or approximately 20% of the total land area. These include barangays Taft,

Washington, San Juan, Sabang, Canlanipa, Cagniog, Luna, Togbongon, Rizal, Ipil, Mabua,

Lipata, Punta Bilar, Mabua and Ipil.

Surigao City zoning map

Alang-alang

Alegria Anoma

r

Aurora Baliba

yon

Baybay Bilabid Bitaug

an

Bonifacio

Buenavista Cabongbo

ngan

Cagniog Cagutsan Canlanipa Cantiasay Capalayan Catadman Danao

Danawan

Day-asan

Ipil Libuac Lipata Lisond

ra

Luna Mabin

i

Mabua

Manjagao

Mapawa

Mat-i Nabag

o

Nonoc Orok Poctoy Punta

Bilar

Quezon

Rizal Saban

g

SanIsidro

SanJose

SanJuan

SanPedro

(Hani

gad) San

Roque

Serna(Bad-asay)

Sidlakan

Silop Sugbay Sukailan

g

Taft Talisay Togbong

on

Trinidad Washing

ton

Zaragoza

[edit] EducationSurigao traces its roots to formal schooling in the year 1906 when the last group of Spanish

Benedictine Missionaries, who had worked zealously to have founded the Cartilla or DoctrinaSchool ( Escuela Catolica de San Nicolas), vacated Surigao. Soon after their departure, the

Missionaries of the Sacred Heart, also known as the Dutch Fathers, succeeded them, created the

parish of Surigao, and made the Escuela Catolica de San Nicolas a parochial school which laterbecame San Nicolas College. In 2002, Surigao became the first town or city in the entire Caraga

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region to host a university after San Nicolas College changed its nomenclature to become part of

the Saint Paul University system.

In 1969, Surigao School of Arts and Trades was established on 1.2 hectares of land donated by

the provincial government. It focused on curricula geared towards technology at a time the city

saw rapid transformation with the onset of nickel exploration at the Nonoc island refinery. Whilethe school was built, it initially held classes at the Provincial Sports Complex with a core census

of 14 teachers and 103 students. In 1998, the school was renamed Surigao State College ofTechnology after it merged with Malimono School of Fisheries. Today, it has 3 major campuses

including the former Siargao National College of Science and Technology in Siargao Island.

In 1996,Caraga Regional Science High Schoolwas established in San Juan, providing students

in the entire region opportunity to join an academe of reputable standards, now nationally

recognized. Students undergo a rigorous highly accelerated 4- level curriculum which includes

two years of general studies and two years of a chosen major. With much success as it garneredconsistent topnotchers in the National Secondary Achievement Test (NSAT), students also have

opportunities to carry out independent research and compete in Intel Science Fairs.

San Sebastian College Institute of Law- Surigao Extension located in Taft, opened in 1997.

[edit] Universities

St. Paul University Surigao (formerly San Nicolas College)[6] Philippine Women's University

[edit] Colleges

San Sebastian College - Recoletos Institute of Law Surigao Education Center[7] Surigao State College of Technology[8] St. Jude Thaddeus Institute of Technology STI Surigao Northeastern Mindanao Colleges St Ignatius Loyola Computer College Center for Healthcare Professions Nickel City Institute of Technology

[edit] Economy

Surigao City underwent rapid economic growth that spanned nearly two decades beginning in

the late 1960's. Pacific Cement (PACEMCO) started commercial operations manufacturingPortland cement and the Canadian- owned company Marinduque Mining and Industrial

Corporation ( MMIC) also started extracting nickel and iron ore in Nonoc Island. This was a

boon to the city as it generated more commerce to meet an increasing demand for goods andservices. At the end of the decade in the 1970's, within a short period from cityhood, Surigao

attained first class status. Likewise, mining activities increased by a manifold in other parts of

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the province, primarily extracting gold and copper. The city became the nexus of mining

operations for the entireRegion X, at the time among Philippines' largest regions encompassingnearly half of Mindanao Island. Philippines' Bureau of Mines and Geosciences moved its

regional headquarters in the city at Km. 1. In 1983, MMIC stopped commercial operations due to

financial losses and heavy debt as a result of plummeting prices of nickel and high operating

costs. Commercial activities in the city slowed, relying on basic services, small scale industries,agriculture and fishing. Even the copra processing plant Surigao Coconut Development Corp. (

SUCODECO) in Lipata folded, another casualty from the weak prices of commodities in the

world market. Added blow to Surigao's already weak economy came when typhoonNitang (internationally codenamedHurricane Ike) struck the city in September 1984. The devastation

was severe and wide. There were lots of casualties numbering close to 2000 human deaths. This

extract from The Times on 6 September 1984 reports on the aftermath:[5]

While more than 300 people are now known to have died, Mr Salvador Sering, the deputy

governor, believes 1,000 died in the provincial capital Surigao City alone. The city has run out ofcoffins and people are being buried in mass graves. Some 200 residents of the town of Mainit

were reported to have drowned when a lake burst its banks. As the clearing up continues, choleraand typhoid vaccines have been flown to the devastated areas.

From the mid 80's until the turn of the 21st century, Surigao's economic woes mirrored the rest

of the nation, returning to a bedroom community as it saw some of its original families leavelooking for opportunities in other places, both local and overseas.

Surigao Mining Map 2011

Surigao City Port

During the last decade, the city saw gradual economic resurgence. As its population increased,more businesses moved in. The city's potential as a major port was boosted with increased

handling capacity after its port expansion was completed in 2009. Today, it is one of the

country's top seaports for gross registered tonnage handled[9], also posting the highest cargo andpassenger traffic in Region XIII.

A tuna canning factory is also planned, a first in the Caraga region.

[edit] Banking

Presently, there are about two dozen national and rural banks operating in the city including

major financial institutionsMetropolitan Bank and Trust Company,Allied Bank,Banco De Oro,

Philippine National Bank,One Network Bank,Land Bank of the Philippines,Development Bankof the Philippines,Rizal Commercial Banking Corporation,United Coconut Planters Bank,

China Bank,East West BankandBank of the Philippine Islands. Automated teller machines

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(ATM) are widely used in the city, connected to interbank networks BancNet, Expressnet and

MegaLink.

[edit] Retail

For many years retail activity in Surigao is centered around its park, Luneta and are almost alllocated along the streets of San Nicolas, Borromeo and Rizal. In recent years, although more

department stores were built, the city's main shopping area remained here. Among the majorstores are Palma, Absolute Essentials, Unicity, Eduhome, WSS, Asialink and TT & Company. A

new uptown shopping district is fast shaping up in the city's Barangay Luna. GaisanoCapital

Mall opened in early 2012. Central Warehouse and Citihardware are currently under

construction. Major mall chains likeSM,Robinson'sPlace andGaisanoGrandmall are mullingbranches in the city.

[edit] Mining

The once prosperousNonoc Islandhas been identified as a special economic zone ( Ecozone) bythe national government, a boon older residents are quite familiar not too long ago. Once fully

realized, this project will put back the island's existing infrastructure, including a 1300-meterconcrete airstrip and two 60,000dwtseaport, back in operation. In 2005, China'sJinchuanGroup

Ltd. submitted a proposal to invest approximately USD 1.0 billion for the rehabilitation and

revival of the Nonoc nickel refinery. In 2010, Jinchuan renewed its interest in Nonoc, offering abigger investment at USD 1.5 billion. However, its insistence for another feasibility study and

disagreements over the operating structure shuttered the deal withPhilnicowho owns the mining

rights for the island. In January 2012,San Miguel Corporationof the Philippines entered into a

memorandum of agreement with the city government to rehabilitate and operate the Nonocmines for USD 2.5 billion, the single biggest investment in the country yet.

The recent entry of major international mining companySumitomowith USD 1.3 billioninvestment in the province sparked renewed interest of its vast mineral reserves and has helped

spur secondary economic activities in the city. Other mining companies like Philex Mining

Corporation[10], Mindoro Resources Ltd. and Anglo Ashanti are in various stages ofexploration.

[edit] Tourism

Tourism helped spur the city's economy during the last decade. Local tourism receipts havebenefited fromSiargao Island's increasing exposure to the international tourist market. This

burgeoning industry is attracting adventure seeking tourists from every corner of the globemaking Surigao the unofficial tourism capital of Caraga. Latest figures showed 145,739 foreign

arrivals in the city in 2010, registering a 31.21 % growth. An array of activities are increasingly

popular among the visitors in the province including snorkeling, scuba diving, surfing, kayaking,

mangrove canoeing and game fishing. Among the popular hotels in the area include HotelTavern, Gateway Hotel, Almont Hotel and Beach Resort, Grand Suites, Daydream Resort, Fiesta

Diving Resort and EY Suites.

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[edit] Healthcare

In February 11, 1997, theCongress of the Philippinesenacted Republic Act 8244 convertingSurigao Provincial Hospital into a regional training hospital and renamed itCaraga Regional

Hospital[11], effectively expanding its scope and services that would include the entire Caraga

region with a catchment population of nearly 2 million people. Today, this 150- bed tertiaryhospital, a core referral facility, is rapidly expanding with intensive care units that includes

Coronary, Pediatric, Surgical and Burn.

In October 2010, the city opened a PP35 million Drug Rehabilitation and Treatment Center in

Anomar. Established under the aegis of the Department of Health, it is the first and only facility

in the entire Caraga region solely focused on the treatment and rehabilitation of drug abusers.

[edit] Infrastructure

[edit] Transportation

Lipata Port

There are multiple modes of transportation in the city and are all privately-owned. Thetricycle, amotorcycle with locally made sidecar that can accommodate as many as six passengers, is the

main taxi that ply the city streets. Buses and jeepneys follow fixed routes to outlying barangays,

towns and neighboring provinces. The city is also served by outrigger water taxis calledpump

boatsthat follow scheduled sea routes to island barangays. Larger vessels calledLantsa have

scheduled trips to Siargao, Dinagat and Bucas Grande. Regular ferry service connects the city toports in Southern Leyte, Cebu, Manila andAgusan del Norte. There are direct flights to Manila

and Cebu originating from the city's airport with occasional chartered flights to Siargao, Butuanand Tandag.

[edit] Senator Verano Port

This historic port completed a PP414 expansion and upgrading in 2009 to meet world standards

and increasing cargo demand from a revitalized mining industry in the province. Additional 2000

square meters of reclaimed area and 120 meters of berthing space were added, enhancing its roleas one of the major ports in the region. This serves as a port of call for numerous local and

international shipping lines including Cokaliong Shipping Lines[12], Sulpicio Lines[13],Montenegro Lines[14], Cebu Ferries[15]and 2GoTravel[16].

[edit] Lipata Port and Ferry Terminal

Touted as the Gateway to Mindanao, Lipata Port serves as the entry point to Mindanao Islandforming part of the extensivePan Philippine Highwayalso called Maharlika Highway AH26 that

originates fromLaoag Cityto its southern terminus inZamboanga City. The port hasro-ro

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capabilities that provides regular service to the ports ofLiloanandSan Ricardo, both in Southern

Leyte.

[edit] Surigao Airport

Classified by theCivil Aviation Authority of the Philippinesas a principal domestic airport,Surigao Airport( IATA code SUG), is one of the two airports that serve the province of Surigao

del Norte and northern parts of Surigao del Sur and Agusan del Norte. It has a 1708 meterconcrete runway and handled an estimated 100,000 passengers in 2010. Plans are underway for

the airport's expansion and runway extension to accommodate bigger aircrafts and increased

passenger volume.Philippine Airlines[17],Cebu Pacific[18]andAir Philippines[19]have

regular scheduled flights from Surigao toManilaandCebu. Small private planes operatechartered fights to Siargao'sSayak Airport.

Distances to other Philippine Airports

Destination AirportDistance

(Km)

Distance

(Miles)

Est.Travel Time

(TPE)Siargao Sayak Airport 58 36.03 18 minutes

Butuan Bancasi Airport 90.14 56.01 25 minutes

Tandag Tandag Airport 107.76 66.96 30 minutes

Tacloban Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport 170.35 105.85 40 minutes

Cebu Mactan-Cebu International Airport 175.34 108.95 45 minutes

Davao Francisco Bangoy International Airport 293.55 182.4 1 hour

Manila Ninoy Aquino International Airport 717.42 445.79 1 hour 45 minutes

ClarkDiosdado Macapagal International

Airport805.82 500.72 2 hours

[edit] Surigao Integrated Bus and Jeepney Terminal

Pan- Philippine Highway AH26's northernmost terminus in Mindanao winds up in this city,dissecting the Surigao Valley before the Surigao-Davao Coastal Road spurs at Bad-as,Placer

town. Surigao is a vital stopover in the highway system, often preferred by travelers because of

its laid-back appeal. An integrated bus and jeepney terminal serves companies with routes thatreach major destinations includingOrmoc,Tacloban,Legazpi,Manila,Butuan,Tandag,Davao,

Bislig, andCagayan de Oro. Bus companies serving this terminal includesBachelor Express,

Philtranco[20], PP Bus Line and Surigao Express.

[edit] Sanitary Landfill and Waste Treatment Facility

Cashing in on a 21-ton average daily collected garbage in the city, the local government of

Surigao, with a PP150 million grant from the Swedish government and assistance from the LandBank of the Philippines, built a sanitary landfill in Sitio Looc in 2009. It is considered a model

for solid waste management through its P45 million-worth Waste Treatment Facility, the first in

Mindanao. Likewise, it has a Material Recovery Facility, which treats recyclables, and aLeachate Collector, which extracts and treats liquids from garbage.

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[edit] Surigao Provincial Sports Complex/ Surigao Provincial Gymnasium

This historic sports complex hosted numerous national and regional events in the past. It

underwent several renovations, the most recent in 2009 at a cost of PP320 million. The latest

renovations are state-of-the-art, among a few in the entire country. The complex is situated on

the 2- hectare Vasquez field and includes a 3500 person capacity grandstand, a fullyairconditioned 3500 seating capacity gymnasium, a brand new amphitheater, an olympic-size

swimming pool and a fully rubberized track and field oval.

[edit] Surigao Provincial Convention Center

Located at the provincial capitol complex, the Surigao Provincial Convention Center had hosted

various national and regional conventions held in the city. It has a seating capacity ofapproximately 2500 persons.

[edit] San Juan- Lipata Coastal Road

Completed in 2007, it connects the Port of Lipata to downtown Surigao, cutting the travel time in

half. It includes a series of bridges across coastal barangays San Juan and Sabang. The longest,

Banahaw, spans the Surigao tidal basin.

[edit] Media

Eight radio stations, frequency modulated (FM) stations and amplitude-modulated (AM) band

cover the broadcast media. There are also five regular and cable TV stations- UNTV Channel 39,

ABS-CBNChannel 12, GMA Channel 10, Studio 23 Channel 23, GMA News TV Channel 27.Two local publications, Surigao Today[21]and Periodico Surigao cover the print and world wide

web media containing news of city's current events.

[edit] Telecommunications

Leading telecommunication companies built facilities in Surigao paving way for clear

connections to other parts of the country and the rest of the world. ThePhilippine Long DistanceTelephone Company(PLDT),Bayan Telecommunications( Bayantel),Sun Cellular,Globe

TelecomandSmart Communicationsoperate vital transmission towers in the city.

[edit] Tourism

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