surge protective devices
DESCRIPTION
Surge Protective Devices. Chris Martin Sales Manager Surge Protection Devices. 80% - Internal Disturbances Load switching Variable frequency drives Lighting and air handlers 20% - External Disturbances Utility load switching Smart grid Lighting strikes Cloud to cloud - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Surge Protective Devices
Chris Martin Sales Manager
Surge Protection Devices
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80% - Internal Disturbances
• Load switching
• Variable frequency drives
• Lighting and air handlers
20% - External Disturbances
– Utility load switching• Smart grid
– Lighting strikes• Cloud to cloud• Cloud to ground• Cloud to man-made object
Where surges originate
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Isokeraunic Map
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1. Cause disruptions in computer signals and processors
2. Degrade component junctions causing “random” delayed failure
3. Cause instant damage to electrical components
Surge damage
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How SPDs work
• Cross Section of a MOV
• Clamped Voltage (depends on surge level)
• Turn on Voltage (always the same)
SourceLoad
SPDTurn on Voltage
Clamped Voltage
150v
1,500v
20,000v
Eliminated Voltage
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UL 1449 2nd Edition 2005
• 2nd Edition 2005 Revision (effective 2/9/2007)
• Expanded OVERVOLTAGE Testing
(2 x nominal voltage)
• Added 7 hour intermediate fault current levels10 amps100 amps500 amps1000 amps
• SPD manufacturers pass this new requirement by either adding fusing per MOV, thermal sensing technology, or requiring an external OCPD for the safe removal of the SPD
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Su
rge
Cu
rren
t
Impulse Duration (Microseconds)
12
10
10 2
10 3
10 4
10 5
10 6
Indef.
20 microseconds 5000 microseconds
20 mm MOV Surge Current Rating Curve20 mm MOV Surge Current Rating Curve
1
10
100
1000
10000
10 100 1000 10000
At 20 micro-seconds the MOV can protect up to 6500Amps (1 time) at 5000 micro-seconds that same MOV can only protect up to 30Amps
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UL 1449 3rd Edition
• Creates SPD types (Type1, Type2, Type3, Type4)– Surge Arrestor, Lightning Arrestor, TVSS
• New Nominal Discharge Surge Current test, In Thermal “stress” test
• Tested MCOV per mode. No longer a claimed value
• SVR 6kV, 500A replaced with VPR 6kV, 3kA
• Surge Arrestor incorporated into UL1449 as Type 1 device
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SPD Types - UL 1449 3rd Ed.
Type 1 SPD (LINE SIDE)Permanently Connected SPD – Installation between the secondary of the service transformer and the LINE side of the service disconnect over current device, as well as the LOAD side, including watt-hour meter socket enclosures. (Not exceeding 1000V)
Secondary Surge Arrestor
Competitors Surge Arrestor
Needs a breaker to pass UL testing
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SPD Types (Continued)
Type 2 SPD (LOAD SIDE)Permanently Connected SPD intended for installation on the LOAD side of the service disconnect over current device, including SPDs located at the branch panel.
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SPD Types (Continued)
Type 3 SPD Point of utilization SPDs, installed a minimum of 10 meters (30 feet)
from the electrical service panel, for example cord connected, direct plug-in (DPI), receptacle type and SPDs installed at the utilization
equipment being protected.
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SPD Types (Continued)
Type 4 SPDComponent SPDs, including discrete components as well as component assemblies.(Note: as proposed the 3rd Edition will allow Type 4 SPDs to be tested and applied where Types 1 and 2 are allowed)
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Measured Limiting Voltage (MLV)
• All SPD Types are to be tested to 6kV/3kA - 3 pulses per mode with applied voltage. VPR is determined by averaging results. (Per 34.9 and Table 34.1)
• SVR 6kV/500A Good reading 400v or 500v
• VPR 6kV/3kA Good reading 700v, 800v, 900v, or as high as 1000v
• Higher surge current results in higher clamping voltages
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• Type 1: Choose 10kA or 20kA/Mode
• Type 2: Choose 3kA, 5kA, 10kA, or 20kA
• Surge unit at chosen surge value
• Apply chosen over voltage to unit within 1s for 1min
Nominal Discharge Current Test (In)
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2008 NEC
• COPS - Critical Operations Power Systems
– NEC guideline to increase protection and reliability of the power infrastructure for critical facilities
• What are Critical Facilities?
– Government agency (Federal, state, municipal)
– Facility engineering
– Facilities that if destroyed may disrupt:
• National security, the economy, public health, or safety
• To include
– HVAC, fire alarm, security, communications, and signaling
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2008 NEC
• NEC Section 708.20 (D)
• Surge Protective Devices must be used to comply
• SPDs must be used for each voltage at the facility
– Service Entrance
– Distribution panels
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Improving SPD Installed Performance
• How does lead length affect the installed performance of a surge protective device?
• Does an internally mounted SPD outperform an externally mounted SPD?
• Impact of upstream OCPDs
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How are SPDs Tested?
• 6 inches outside of the enclosure
Surge Protective Device
Phase A Phase B Phase C
6 inches
The surge is injected here
Clamping characteristics are recorded
by an Oscilloscope
• Phase length + Neutral length affect the performance of the SPD
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The surge must travel through the phase
through the SPDand through Neutral
Phase length + Neutral length = SPD clamping
voltage
Internally Mounted Lead Length
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Lead Length
• Lead length affects the installed performance of a SPD
• 10’ sections of cable (commonly used sizes)
– 14 AWG
– 10 AWG
– 6 AWG
• Apply IEEE defined 20kV/10kA surge
• Measure the voltage drop
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Wire size
• Voltage drop across 10 foot cable when exposed to a 20kV/10kA surge
– 14 AWG 2,650v
– 10 AWG 2,400v
– 6 AWG 2,350v
• What does this do to the installed performance of the SPD?
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Lead Length Impact
SPD LOAD
Lead length
VoltageSeen
At load
1' 2' 3' 4' 5' 7' 8' 9' 10'
1000v
2000v
3000v
4000v
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The Low Impedance Cable
Ground Cable Termination 30"
Neutral Cable Termination 30"
Top Insulation
LayerTop Braid
Layer (Ground)
Ground Coupler
Ground Split Ring
Internal Braid Layer (Neutral)
Neutral Coupler
Neutral Split Ring
Three colored leads
Middle Insulation
Layer
Inside View of one end of the Low Z Cable
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HPI Voltage Drop
• Voltage drop across 10 foot cable when exposed to a 20kV/10kA surge
– 10 AWG 560v
– 6 AWG 560v
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Lead Length Impact
SPD LOAD
Lead length
VoltageSeen
At load
1' 2' 3' 4' 5' 7' 8' 9' 10'
1000v
2000v
3000v
4000v
HPI Cable
#14 AWG
83% improvement
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Breaker Impact
• Does a breaker upstream of an SPD limit the effectiveness of the SPD?
• Breakers have surge trip and surge failure values: The SCCR value is based on 60Hz current, not surge current!
• Type 2 SPDs must be installed behind a breaker!CB Pulse Performance
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
15 30 40 60 100
CB Rating
Puls
e k
A
Trip kA
Fail kA
These values are based on testing
performed by Current Technology’s
Surge generator on commercially
available off the shelf breakers.
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The ISMIntegrated Suppression Module
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ISM Design
• Utilizes TPMOV technology
• Bus Bar construction
• N-G filter (removable)
• Improved L-N Filter
• 100% surge rated
• Reduced weight
• Individually monitored MOVs
• Advanced monitoring
300kA Model
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The TPMOV
Thermal spring
Barrier
50mm MOV
DRC switch
DRC contacts
Barrier spring
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Select3 (SL3)
• Listed by UL to UL1449 3rd Edition as a Type 1 SPD
• 50kA, 100kA, 150kA, 200kA, 250kA, 300kA per mode
• TPMOV/Selenium Hybrid
– Option for enhanced selenium
• Test reports for single and repetitive surge testing
• Surge rated disconnect with line side barrier
• DTS-2 internal test port option
• 6 levels of monitoring
• 20 year warranty
THE SERVICE ENTRANCE SURGE PROTECTOR OF CHOICE
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TransGuard3 (TG3)
• Listed by UL to UL1449 3rd Edition as a Type 1 SPD
• 50kA, 100kA, 150kA, 200kA, 250kA, 300kA per mode
• TPMOV Technology
• RoHS compliant
• Test reports for single and repetitive surge testing
• Surge rated disconnect with line side barrier
• DTS-2 internal test port option
• 6 levels of monitoring
• 15 year warranty
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Panel Extension (PX3)
• Listed by UL to UL1449 3rd Edition as a Type 1 SPD
• 50kA, 100kA, 150kA, 200kA per mode
• 9 inch height for 50kA-100kA units
• TPMOV Technology
• RoHS compliant
• Test reports for single and repetitive surge testing
• DTS-2 internal test port option
• 6 levels of monitoring
• 15 year warranty
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DTS-2 Tester
The ONLY proactive test kit for SPDs on the market
• Updated test card for both MOV and TPMOV based products with or without selenium
• Validates “health” of surge components
• Compares installed clamping performance to original factory values
• Detects and provides early warning for stressed components
• Can be used to evaluation competitive products performance
• Part of any startup or commissioning
• Validates integrity of upstream Xo bond
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M1 Standard Monitoring
• LED indication per phase
• Audible alarm
• Alarm silence switch
• 2 sets of dry relay contacts
• Tri-colored LED that reports on % protection
– Green = 75% or greater
– Orange = 75% - 40%
– Red = 40% or less
– Extinguished = Loss of protection
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M2 Monitoring Option
• All M1 monitoring options
• Surge counter
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M3 Option
• New Mastermind• Includes all M1 monitoring features• Time/Date stamp • Duration and Magnitude• User settable thresholds• Tracks
– Sags, swells surges, dropouts, outages, THD, frequency, Volts RMS, % protection
• Local character display• ModBus remote communications
M4E Option
• New Mastermind• Includes all M1 monitoring features• Time/Date stamp • Duration and Magnitude• User settable thresholds• Tracks
– Sags, swells surges, dropouts, outages, THD, frequency, Volts RMS, % protection
• Local character display• ModBus and Ethernet remote communications• Web based interface
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M5 Option
• Adds Large Graphics Display• Includes all M1 monitoring features• Time/Date stamp • Duration and Magnitude• User settable thresholds• Tracks
– Sags, swells surges, dropouts, outages, THD, frequency, Volts RMS, % protection
• Local character display• ModBus remote communications
M6E Option
• Adds Large Graphics Display• Includes all M1 monitoring features• Time/Date stamp • Duration and Magnitude• User settable thresholds• Tracks
– Sags, swells surges, dropouts, outages, THD, frequency, Volts RMS, % protection
• Local character display• ModBus and Ethernet remote communications• Web based interface
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Review
• Specs need to be Updated to include new requirements outlined in UL1449 3rd Edition
• Externally mounted SPDs offer a safer installed alternative without affecting performance
• External OCPDs can have an affect on the installed performance of the SPD
• Ask for documentation. Single surge, repetitive surge, and tested MCOV value
Questions?