surface lec1

8/4/2019 Surface Lec1

1/24

Radiographic Surface

Anatomy

Badira Al Qudah


2/24

Terminology

Anatomical position: The positionwith the body erect with the arms atthe sides and the palms forward.

Radiograph: is a film or other basematerial containing a processedimage of an anatomical part of a

person as produced by the action ofx-rays.


3/24

Terminology

Body plane: straight line surfaceconnecting two points.

Section: a slice or a cut image of abody part.

Radiographic projection: the pathtaken by an x-ray beam as it passesthrough the body


4/24

Planes of the Body

Coronal Plane: divides the bodyinto front and rear sections. Alsocalled the frontal plane.

Midsagittal Plane: divides thebody into right and left halves.

Transverse Plane: divides thebody into a superior (or upper) andan inferior (or lower) section. Alsocalled the horizontal plane.

Oblique plane.


5/24


6/24


7/24


8/24

Direction and Location

Anterior: front side of the body: also known asventral.

Caudal: in quadrapeds: the tail end: also known asinferior.

Cranial: above or near the head: also known as

superior. Distal: farthest end from the trunk or head. Dorsal: back side of the body: also known as the

posterior. Inferior: below also: toward the feet.

Infra-: prefix meaning below or under. Lateral: away from the midline. Medial: toward the midline. Posterior: back side of the body: also known as the

dorsal.

Proximal: closest part nearest the trunk or head.


9/24

Terminology

Surfaces of the hand:

- Dorsal: posterior surface of thehand.

- Palmar: anterior surface of thehand.

Surfaces of the foot:- Dorsal: anterior or top of the foot.

- Planter: posterior or sole of the

foot.


10/24


11/24

Bone Morphology

Crest: a narrow prominent ridge. (e.g. iliac crest) Condyle: a smooth rounded projection for articulation with

another bone. (e.g. medial condyle of femur) Epiphysis: the end of a long bone that is originally separated from

the main bone by a layer of cartilage but that later becomes unitedto the main bone through ossification.

Foramen: a true hole in the bone (e.g. foramen magnum) Line: a narrow raised ridge. Meatus: a small tubular opening.(e.g. EAM) Sulcus: a groove.(intertubercular sulcus) Suture: the line formed by the junction of two bones or an

immovable joint between two bones: especially of the skull.

(coronal suture) Symphysis: the line or junction formed by a cartilaginousarticulation between two bones without an intervening synovialmembrane: this articulation often fuses as in the two bones and thetwo halves of the mandibles(e.g. symphesis menti)

Trochanter: a large rounded projection for muscle attachment.(e.g. greater trochanter)


12/24


13/24


14/24

Major Landmarks used for

skull radiography


15/24

Skull lateral view


16/24


17/24

Major Landmarks used for skullradiography:

1. Vertex

2. External Occipital Protuberance (EOP)3. External Auditory Meatus (EAM)4. Outer Canthus Of Eye5. Infra-orbital point

6. Nasion7. Glabella


18/24


19/24

Parts of the Human Skull

Calvarium: includes the brain case.

Cranium: includes the face and thecalvarium.

Mandible: the lower jaw.

Skull: includes both the cranium

and mandible


20/24

A. Cranial bones

1. Frontal bone (1)

2. Parietal bones (2)

3. Occipital bone (1)

4. Temporal bones (2)

5. Sphenoid bone (1)

6. Ethmoid bone (1)

B. Facial bones

1. Zygomatic bones (2)

2. Maxillae (2)

3. Nasal bones (2)

4. Lacrimal bones (2)5. Vomer (1)

6. Palatine bones (2)

7. Inferior conchae (2)

8. Mandible (1)


21/24


22/24


23/24

Outer and inner corticallayers


24/24

surface lec1

Documents