surface functions fe 423 - lecture 2b from tuesday: gridding contours and contouring grids

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Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b

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Page 1: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

Surface Functions

FE 423 - Lecture 2b

Page 2: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

From Tuesday:Gridding contours and contouring grids

799 921 1049 1100 1049 981 890 777 701 729 819 888 799 702 758 844 956 1094 1237 1376 1471 1423 1296 1177 1072 969 874 798

791 851 944 994 975 942 897 802 710 722 820 850 776 701 774 881 1008 1146 1275 1394 1450 1398 1270 1155 1057 955 866 799

820 758 789 828 845 874 947 876 747 704 821 822 737 726 822 955 1095 1227 1325 1409 1430 1356 1241 1141 1049 961 890 822

931 811 724 704 726 807 929 912 781 695 767 743 690 739 857 1004 1141 1250 1307 1334 1331 1302 1244 1165 1080 990 920 859

1063 943 812 711 655 740 861 861 746 648 681 653 698 792 907 1015 1086 1150 1197 1232 1263 1277 1250 1176 1059 974 962 945

1170 1089 956 814 693 670 770 781 689 618 660 723 800 881 955 975 989 1028 1084 1174 1257 1337 1287 1180 1082 1077 1097 1114

1149 1173 1059 897 733 627 683 680 631 634 714 806 877 903 906 903 922 965 1055 1185 1329 1435 1341 1210 1179 1188 1227 1246

1060 1134 1078 939 772 640 612 606 630 688 765 835 855 872 854 854 902 974 1077 1201 1331 1395 1342 1259 1293 1299 1253 1185

985 1060 1038 925 763 629 552 606 682 737 788 839 796 800 803 853 938 1032 1093 1173 1242 1313 1350 1339 1335 1253 1167 1138

987 1063 1011 900 748 628 596 678 749 778 793 770 720 744 781 881 995 1085 1050 1077 1127 1223 1333 1374 1313 1202 1180 1180

958 993 927 794 659 580 636 740 796 784 722 681 660 712 808 921 982 1003 966 974 1023 1123 1254 1334 1348 1305 1304 1303

903 892 788 663 583 589 673 746 732 697 624 608 637 687 775 851 902 901 879 885 933 1012 1132 1249 1332 1388 1402 1379

796 752 638 560 576 648 666 650 617 594 550 593 604 633 687 731 775 800 821 852 878 916 1006 1129 1256 1379 1432 1348

656 617 534 581 643 616 570 557 583 589 614 660 675 679 678 668 701 753 824 907 951 960 971 1043 1152 1309 1413 1325

560 552 570 646 598 545 534 594 662 698 743 792 819 815 784 744 731 789 911 1034 1114 1128 1107 1074 1095 1245 1382 1348

550 542 631 578 517 550 617 704 775 827 879 950 998 991 937 873 832 872 1001 1149 1261 1320 1299 1211 1150 1231 1380 1425

538 477 528 477 525 624 735 821 873 934 1023 1116 1176 1168 1105 1031 969 953 1037 1175 1328 1437 1449 1343 1232 1236 1356 1451

544 485 500 526 615 732 844 919 949 998 1120 1238 1304 1289 1240 1187 1126 1063 1067 1146 1279 1405 1482 1398 1269 1202 1291 1374

536 453 498 596 712 826 907 909 935 975 1093 1204 1259 1250 1268 1281 1258 1193 1179 1196 1264 1352 1423 1391 1300 1239 1226 1219

554 467 532 654 782 866 848 824 840 883 996 1095 1120 1107 1156 1232 1280 1237 1175 1160 1196 1260 1315 1304 1235 1156 1091 1030

578 500 545 676 792 817 763 734 738 783 887 956 947 933 988 1084 1154 1125 1068 1018 1037 1094 1136 1122 1067 999 921 847

597 504 543 653 729 728 671 645 644 673 749 789 772 767 820 911 983 963 909 845 847 896 933 910 860 805 740 677

Page 3: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

From Tuesday:

HJ Andrews Topography

• Download

• Import71.exe

• TOPOGRID

Page 4: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

SCHEDULETuesday Thursday

Grid Basics overview spatial data

digital topography surface functions

grid algebra grid functions

Grid Hydrology Exam I flow direction

flow accumulation path length

euclidian/costpath vehicular traffic

wildlife movement Exam II

Grid Watersheds mass wasting surface erosion

hydrology channels

riparian fish

Finals Week Final Exam

Page 5: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

OUTLINE

• Why Slope, Aspect, & Curvature

• Slope/Aspect/Curvature in GRID

• Hillshade

Page 6: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

SLOPE

What is Slope?

Why do we care about slope?

How do we define slope?

• With points?

• On TIN?

• On Contours?

Page 7: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

ASPECT

What is aspect?

Why do we care about aspect?

How do we define aspect?

• With points?

• On TIN?

• On Contours?

Page 8: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

CURVATURE

What is curvature?

Why do we care about curvature?

How do we define curvature?

• With points?

• On TIN?

• On Contours?

Page 9: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

Surface Functions in GRID

dZ/dx dZ/dy

dZ/ds

Z = Ax2y2 + Bx2y + Cxy2 + Dx2 + Ey2 + Fxy + Gx + Hy + I

Z(0,0) = I

Z(0,1) = E + H + I

Z(0,-1) = E - H + I

dZ/dx = 2Axy2 + 2Bxy + Cy2 + 2Dx + Fy + G

d2Z/dx2 = 2Ay2 + 2By + 2D

Page 10: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

SLOPE IN GRID

Page 11: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

ASPECT IN GRID

Page 12: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

CURVATURE IN GRIDA = [(Z1 + Z3 + Z7 + Z9) /4 - (Z2 + Z4 + Z6 + Z8) /2 + Z5] /L4B = [(Z1 + Z3 - Z7 - Z9) /4 - (Z2 - Z8) /2] /L3C = [(-Z1 + Z3 - Z7 + Z9) /4 + ( Z4 - Z6)] /2] /L3D = [(Z4 + Z6) /2 - Z5] /L2E = [(Z2 + Z8) /2 - Z5] /L2F = (-Z1 + Z3 + Z7 - Z9) /4L2G = (-Z4 +Z6) /2LH = (Z2 - Z8) /2LI = Z5

Curvature = (D + E) /2

Page 13: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

CURVATURE IN GRIDIn ArcGRIDC:> curve_grid = curvature(dem, {out_pro_grid}, {out_plan_grid}, {out_slope}, {out_aspect})

Surface AnalystaGrid.Curvature (proCurvFN, planCurvFN, slopeFN, aspectFN)

Page 14: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

CURVATUREout_slope out_aspect

out_pro_grid out_plan_grid

Page 15: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

HILLSHADE

Angle of sun to the surface

examples

• radiation on snowpack

• radiation on stream

• rain ‘shadow’

Page 16: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

Reading from ArcDoc

• Spatial modeling– Cell-based Modeling with GRID

• GRID algebra and analysis environment

• GRID operators

• GRID map algebra rules and syntax

Page 17: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

Discussion Problems:

• Use a sun-angle calculator from the web to identify the sun angle for the beginning and end of this class period. Make a hillshaded image of the UW area for these times.

• Using a DEM of steep topography, map the areas of steep and convergent topography.

Page 18: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

Practice Problem 1: Identify the slope of each square

500m grid

Page 19: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

Practice Problem 2: Identify the aspect of each square

Page 20: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

Practice Problem 3: Estimate slope for each cell

799 921 1049 1100 1049 981 890 777 701 729 819 888 799 702 758 844 956 1094 1237 1376 1471 1423 1296 1177 1072 969 874 798

791 851 944 994 975 942 897 802 710 722 820 850 776 701 774 881 1008 1146 1275 1394 1450 1398 1270 1155 1057 955 866 799

820 758 789 828 845 874 947 876 747 704 821 822 737 726 822 955 1095 1227 1325 1409 1430 1356 1241 1141 1049 961 890 822

931 811 724 704 726 807 929 912 781 695 767 743 690 739 857 1004 1141 1250 1307 1334 1331 1302 1244 1165 1080 990 920 859

1063 943 812 711 655 740 861 861 746 648 681 653 698 792 907 1015 1086 1150 1197 1232 1263 1277 1250 1176 1059 974 962 945

1170 1089 956 814 693 670 770 781 689 618 660 723 800 881 955 975 989 1028 1084 1174 1257 1337 1287 1180 1082 1077 1097 1114

1149 1173 1059 897 733 627 683 680 631 634 714 806 877 903 906 903 922 965 1055 1185 1329 1435 1341 1210 1179 1188 1227 1246

1060 1134 1078 939 772 640 612 606 630 688 765 835 855 872 854 854 902 974 1077 1201 1331 1395 1342 1259 1293 1299 1253 1185

985 1060 1038 925 763 629 552 606 682 737 788 839 796 800 803 853 938 1032 1093 1173 1242 1313 1350 1339 1335 1253 1167 1138

987 1063 1011 900 748 628 596 678 749 778 793 770 720 744 781 881 995 1085 1050 1077 1127 1223 1333 1374 1313 1202 1180 1180

958 993 927 794 659 580 636 740 796 784 722 681 660 712 808 921 982 1003 966 974 1023 1123 1254 1334 1348 1305 1304 1303

903 892 788 663 583 589 673 746 732 697 624 608 637 687 775 851 902 901 879 885 933 1012 1132 1249 1332 1388 1402 1379

796 752 638 560 576 648 666 650 617 594 550 593 604 633 687 731 775 800 821 852 878 916 1006 1129 1256 1379 1432 1348

656 617 534 581 643 616 570 557 583 589 614 660 675 679 678 668 701 753 824 907 951 960 971 1043 1152 1309 1413 1325

560 552 570 646 598 545 534 594 662 698 743 792 819 815 784 744 731 789 911 1034 1114 1128 1107 1074 1095 1245 1382 1348

550 542 631 578 517 550 617 704 775 827 879 950 998 991 937 873 832 872 1001 1149 1261 1320 1299 1211 1150 1231 1380 1425

538 477 528 477 525 624 735 821 873 934 1023 1116 1176 1168 1105 1031 969 953 1037 1175 1328 1437 1449 1343 1232 1236 1356 1451

544 485 500 526 615 732 844 919 949 998 1120 1238 1304 1289 1240 1187 1126 1063 1067 1146 1279 1405 1482 1398 1269 1202 1291 1374

536 453 498 596 712 826 907 909 935 975 1093 1204 1259 1250 1268 1281 1258 1193 1179 1196 1264 1352 1423 1391 1300 1239 1226 1219

554 467 532 654 782 866 848 824 840 883 996 1095 1120 1107 1156 1232 1280 1237 1175 1160 1196 1260 1315 1304 1235 1156 1091 1030

578 500 545 676 792 817 763 734 738 783 887 956 947 933 988 1084 1154 1125 1068 1018 1037 1094 1136 1122 1067 999 921 847

597 504 543 653 729 728 671 645 644 673 749 789 772 767 820 911 983 963 909 845 847 896 933 910 860 805 740 677

Page 21: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

Practice Problem 4: Estimate aspect for each cell

799 921 1049 1100 1049 981 890 777 701 729 819 888 799 702 758 844 956 1094 1237 1376 1471 1423 1296 1177 1072 969 874 798

791 851 944 994 975 942 897 802 710 722 820 850 776 701 774 881 1008 1146 1275 1394 1450 1398 1270 1155 1057 955 866 799

820 758 789 828 845 874 947 876 747 704 821 822 737 726 822 955 1095 1227 1325 1409 1430 1356 1241 1141 1049 961 890 822

931 811 724 704 726 807 929 912 781 695 767 743 690 739 857 1004 1141 1250 1307 1334 1331 1302 1244 1165 1080 990 920 859

1063 943 812 711 655 740 861 861 746 648 681 653 698 792 907 1015 1086 1150 1197 1232 1263 1277 1250 1176 1059 974 962 945

1170 1089 956 814 693 670 770 781 689 618 660 723 800 881 955 975 989 1028 1084 1174 1257 1337 1287 1180 1082 1077 1097 1114

1149 1173 1059 897 733 627 683 680 631 634 714 806 877 903 906 903 922 965 1055 1185 1329 1435 1341 1210 1179 1188 1227 1246

1060 1134 1078 939 772 640 612 606 630 688 765 835 855 872 854 854 902 974 1077 1201 1331 1395 1342 1259 1293 1299 1253 1185

985 1060 1038 925 763 629 552 606 682 737 788 839 796 800 803 853 938 1032 1093 1173 1242 1313 1350 1339 1335 1253 1167 1138

987 1063 1011 900 748 628 596 678 749 778 793 770 720 744 781 881 995 1085 1050 1077 1127 1223 1333 1374 1313 1202 1180 1180

958 993 927 794 659 580 636 740 796 784 722 681 660 712 808 921 982 1003 966 974 1023 1123 1254 1334 1348 1305 1304 1303

903 892 788 663 583 589 673 746 732 697 624 608 637 687 775 851 902 901 879 885 933 1012 1132 1249 1332 1388 1402 1379

796 752 638 560 576 648 666 650 617 594 550 593 604 633 687 731 775 800 821 852 878 916 1006 1129 1256 1379 1432 1348

656 617 534 581 643 616 570 557 583 589 614 660 675 679 678 668 701 753 824 907 951 960 971 1043 1152 1309 1413 1325

560 552 570 646 598 545 534 594 662 698 743 792 819 815 784 744 731 789 911 1034 1114 1128 1107 1074 1095 1245 1382 1348

550 542 631 578 517 550 617 704 775 827 879 950 998 991 937 873 832 872 1001 1149 1261 1320 1299 1211 1150 1231 1380 1425

538 477 528 477 525 624 735 821 873 934 1023 1116 1176 1168 1105 1031 969 953 1037 1175 1328 1437 1449 1343 1232 1236 1356 1451

544 485 500 526 615 732 844 919 949 998 1120 1238 1304 1289 1240 1187 1126 1063 1067 1146 1279 1405 1482 1398 1269 1202 1291 1374

536 453 498 596 712 826 907 909 935 975 1093 1204 1259 1250 1268 1281 1258 1193 1179 1196 1264 1352 1423 1391 1300 1239 1226 1219

554 467 532 654 782 866 848 824 840 883 996 1095 1120 1107 1156 1232 1280 1237 1175 1160 1196 1260 1315 1304 1235 1156 1091 1030

578 500 545 676 792 817 763 734 738 783 887 956 947 933 988 1084 1154 1125 1068 1018 1037 1094 1136 1122 1067 999 921 847

597 504 543 653 729 728 671 645 644 673 749 789 772 767 820 911 983 963 909 845 847 896 933 910 860 805 740 677

Page 22: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

Practice Problem 5: Shade convergent topography

Page 23: Surface Functions FE 423 - Lecture 2b From Tuesday: Gridding contours and contouring grids

Practice Problem 6: Shade convergent topography 799 921 1049 1100 1049 981 890 777 701 729 819 888 799 702 758 844 956 1094 1237 1376 1471 1423 1296 1177 1072 969 874 798

791 851 944 994 975 942 897 802 710 722 820 850 776 701 774 881 1008 1146 1275 1394 1450 1398 1270 1155 1057 955 866 799

820 758 789 828 845 874 947 876 747 704 821 822 737 726 822 955 1095 1227 1325 1409 1430 1356 1241 1141 1049 961 890 822

931 811 724 704 726 807 929 912 781 695 767 743 690 739 857 1004 1141 1250 1307 1334 1331 1302 1244 1165 1080 990 920 859

1063 943 812 711 655 740 861 861 746 648 681 653 698 792 907 1015 1086 1150 1197 1232 1263 1277 1250 1176 1059 974 962 945

1170 1089 956 814 693 670 770 781 689 618 660 723 800 881 955 975 989 1028 1084 1174 1257 1337 1287 1180 1082 1077 1097 1114

1149 1173 1059 897 733 627 683 680 631 634 714 806 877 903 906 903 922 965 1055 1185 1329 1435 1341 1210 1179 1188 1227 1246

1060 1134 1078 939 772 640 612 606 630 688 765 835 855 872 854 854 902 974 1077 1201 1331 1395 1342 1259 1293 1299 1253 1185

985 1060 1038 925 763 629 552 606 682 737 788 839 796 800 803 853 938 1032 1093 1173 1242 1313 1350 1339 1335 1253 1167 1138

987 1063 1011 900 748 628 596 678 749 778 793 770 720 744 781 881 995 1085 1050 1077 1127 1223 1333 1374 1313 1202 1180 1180

958 993 927 794 659 580 636 740 796 784 722 681 660 712 808 921 982 1003 966 974 1023 1123 1254 1334 1348 1305 1304 1303

903 892 788 663 583 589 673 746 732 697 624 608 637 687 775 851 902 901 879 885 933 1012 1132 1249 1332 1388 1402 1379

796 752 638 560 576 648 666 650 617 594 550 593 604 633 687 731 775 800 821 852 878 916 1006 1129 1256 1379 1432 1348

656 617 534 581 643 616 570 557 583 589 614 660 675 679 678 668 701 753 824 907 951 960 971 1043 1152 1309 1413 1325

560 552 570 646 598 545 534 594 662 698 743 792 819 815 784 744 731 789 911 1034 1114 1128 1107 1074 1095 1245 1382 1348

550 542 631 578 517 550 617 704 775 827 879 950 998 991 937 873 832 872 1001 1149 1261 1320 1299 1211 1150 1231 1380 1425

538 477 528 477 525 624 735 821 873 934 1023 1116 1176 1168 1105 1031 969 953 1037 1175 1328 1437 1449 1343 1232 1236 1356 1451

544 485 500 526 615 732 844 919 949 998 1120 1238 1304 1289 1240 1187 1126 1063 1067 1146 1279 1405 1482 1398 1269 1202 1291 1374

536 453 498 596 712 826 907 909 935 975 1093 1204 1259 1250 1268 1281 1258 1193 1179 1196 1264 1352 1423 1391 1300 1239 1226 1219

554 467 532 654 782 866 848 824 840 883 996 1095 1120 1107 1156 1232 1280 1237 1175 1160 1196 1260 1315 1304 1235 1156 1091 1030

578 500 545 676 792 817 763 734 738 783 887 956 947 933 988 1084 1154 1125 1068 1018 1037 1094 1136 1122 1067 999 921 847

597 504 543 653 729 728 671 645 644 673 749 789 772 767 820 911 983 963 909 845 847 896 933 910 860 805 740 677