surface anatomy of brain
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Three vesicleThree vesiclestagestage
Five vesicleFive vesiclestagestage
Major matureMajor maturederivativesderivatives
RelatedRelatedVentriclesVentricles
ProsencephalonProsencephalon TelencephalonTelencephalon Cerebral cortex,Cerebral cortex,BG, hippocampalBG, hippocampal
formation,formation,amygdala,amygdala,olfactory bulbolfactory bulb
Lateral ventricleLateral ventricle
DiencephalonDiencephalon Thalamus,Thalamus,hypothalamus,hypothalamus,
subthalamus,subthalamus,epithalamus, retinaepithalamus, retinaoptic nerve andoptic nerve andtracttract
33rdrd ventricleventricle
MesencephalonMesencephalon MesencephalonMesencephalon MidbrainMidbrain aqueductaqueduct
RhombencephaloRhombencephalonn Metencephalon
MetencephalonPons andPons andcerebellumcerebellum 4
4thth
ventricleventricle
MyelencephalonMyelencephalon Medulla oblongataMedulla oblongata 44thth ventricleventricle
Caudal part ofCaudal part ofneural tubeneural tube
Caudal part ofCaudal part ofneural tubeneural tube
Spinal cordSpinal cord Central canalCentral canal
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1. Lateral surface
three landmarks--central, lateral, and parietooccipital sulciinsula(island of Reil)--involved primarily with autonomic function
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) Frontal lobeprimary motor area(motor homunculus)--fine motor performancepremotor area--initiating new programs
introducing changes in programs for movementMFG: frontal eye fields(#8)--conjugate eye movements
IFG: Broca's area of speech(TG & adjacent part of OG)inability to express oneself in spoken language(aphasia)
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rietal lobeimary sensory area(sensory homunculus)--sensation of tingling & numbL: behavioral interaction of an individual with surrounding space
neglect of body parts contralat. to lesion(nondom.hemi.)
ex) neglect to shave face or dress body parts: SMG + AG(cap end of sylvian fissure & STS, respectively)
integration of diverse sensory information for speech & perceptiondisturbances in language comprehension & object recognition
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emporal lobeSTG :transverse temporal gyri of Heschl(primary auditory area)
located on its dors. border(bank of lat. fissure)Wernicke's area of speech--comprehension of spoken language
caud. to transverse gyri of Heschl(domi. hemisphere)ITG--extend over inf. border of temporal lobe onto ventral surface of bperception of visual form & color
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Occipital lobe parietoocci. fissure & preocci. notch
calcarine sulcus : cuneus , lingual gyrus
primary visual area in occipital pole, more extensive medially
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InsulaInsulacortical area buried in the depths of lateralcortical area buried in the depths of lateralsulcussulcus- gyri breves- gyri breves- gyri longus- gyri longus- limen insula- limen insula
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Corpus callosum : C-shaped massive bundle of fibers
Rostrum, body, genu, splenium
Transfer of information between two hemispheresDisconnect right hemisphere from left hemisphere
isolation of both hemispheres & its own learning processes & memoriesCingulate gyrus
** Limbic system : visceral function, emotion, behavior [subcallosal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus,hippocampal formation, dentate gyrus]Paracentral lobule -medial extension of pre- & postcentral gyri
Precuneus gyrus - between the marginal & parietooccipital sulci Calcarine sulcus - divide occipital lobe into CG & LG
primary visual area: on each bank of calcarine sulcusloss of vision in contralat. half of VF(hemianopsia)
Septum pellucidum - separate two lat. ventricles Fornix - C-shaped fiber bundle, connects hippo. formation & diencephalonAnterior commissure - rostral to ant. extent of fornix
connect two temporal lobes & olfactory structures in both hemispheresAnterior limb - olfactionPosterior limb connect visual & auditory areas in temporal lobe
interhemispheric transfer of visual information
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Large subcorticalLarge subcortical
nuclear massesnuclear massesCaudate nucleusCaudate nucleus
PutamenPutamen
Globus pallidusGlobus pallidus
Amygdaloid nuclear complexAmygdaloid nuclear complex
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MidbrainMidbrain PonsPons Medulla oblongataMedulla oblongata
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Spinal cord medullaSpinal cord medulla Olbliteration of anterior median fissure atOlbliteration of anterior median fissure at
ventralventral
Gracilis tubercle and cuneate tubercle atGracilis tubercle and cuneate tubercle atdorsaldorsal
cranial nervescranial nerves
4th ventricle4th ventricle Cranial nerve IX X XI XII, + VIIICranial nerve IX X XI XII, + VIII
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Boundary :Boundary : superior pontine sulcussuperior pontine sulcusinferior pontine sulcusinferior pontine sulcus
a)a) longitudinal descending fiber bundleslongitudinal descending fiber bundlesb)b) pontine nucleipontine nucleic)c) cerebellumcerebellum transeverse oriented fibertranseverse oriented fiber
::middle cerebellar peduncle:middle cerebellar peduncle: pontinepontinenucleusnucleus fiberfiber
Anterior median depression : basilar A.Anterior median depression : basilar A. basilar sulcusbasilar sulcus
PontinePontine tegmentumtegmentum:: reticular formationreticular formation &&
5, 6, 7, 8th cranial nuclei5, 6, 7, 8th cranial nuclei
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tectum (quadrigeminal plate) superior colliculus, inferior colliculus
Tegmentum Crus cerebri
corticospinal fiber, corticopontine fiber, corticobulbarfiber
pretectum : superior colliculus & immediately rostralpart searching & tracking
cranial nuclei : oculomotor nucleus trochlear nucleus Superior cerebellar peduncle : midbrain tegmentum
decussation, cerebellum efferent fiber .
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Anterior and posterior incisureAnterior and posterior incisureVermis and two hemisphereVermis and two hemispherePrimary, posterior superior, horizontal,Primary, posterior superior, horizontal,
prepyramidal, posterolateral fissureprepyramidal, posterolateral fissure
Anterior lobe, posterior quadrigeminalAnterior lobe, posterior quadrigeminallobule, superior and inferior semilunarlobule, superior and inferior semilunarlobulelobule
FunctionFunction Coordination of somatic motor function (PosteriorCoordination of somatic motor function (Posterior
lobe)lobe) Control of muscle tone (Anterior lobe)Control of muscle tone (Anterior lobe) Equilibrium (Flocculonodular lobule)Equilibrium (Flocculonodular lobule)
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