supw project

7/23/2019 supw project

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SUPW Project WorkON

ELECTRICITY

1

Term - IlMade By – SOURA PAN!A

CLASS – "- A

ROLL NO – #$ % C&a'(ed a)ter a

T*C 'o+ ,t , #. /



Atoms…

Have neutrons, protons, and

electrons.

Protons are positively charged

Electrons are negatively

charged



Electrons…

Are located on the outer edges ofatoms…they can be moved.

A concentration of electrons in anatom creates a net negative charge.

If electrons are stripped away, the

atom becomes positively charged.



Conductors vs. Insulators

Conductors material throughwhich electric current flows

easily.

Insulators materials throughwhich electric current cannot

move.



E!amples

Conductors"#etals

$ater

Insulators"

%tyrofoam

&ubber

Plastic

Paper



%tatic Electricity

'he build up of an electric charge onthe surface of an ob(ect.

'he charge builds up but does not flow.

%tatic electricity ispotential energy.

It does not move. It is stored.



%tatic )ischarge…

*ccurs when there is a loss of static

electricity due to three possible

things"+riction rubbing

Conduction direct contact

Induction through an electrical field

-not direct contact



Electricity that moves…

Current" 'he flow of electronsfrom one place to another.

#easured in amperes -amps/inetic energy



How can we control currents0

$ith circuits.Circuit" is a path for the flow of

electrons. $e use wires.



'here are 1 types of currents"

)irect Current -)C $here electronsflow in the same direction in a wire.

Anything with a battery



Alternating Current -AC

electrons flow in different directions

in a wire

Anything you plug into an outlet



simple circuits

Here is a simple electric circuit. It has a cell, alamp and a switch.

To make the circuit, these components are connected

together with metal connecting wires.

cell

lampswitch

wires



simple circuitsWhen the switch is closed, the lamp lights up. This is

because there is a continuous path of metal for the

electric current to flow around.

If there were any breaks in the circuit, thecurrent could not flow.



circuit diagram

battery switchlamp wires

Scientists usually draw electric circuits using symbols;

motorammeter voltmeter resistor



types of circuit

There are two types of electrical circuits;

SERIES CIRCUITS PR!!E! CIRCUITS



The components are connected end-to-end, oneafter the other.

They make a simple loop for the current to flowround.

SERIES CIRCUITS

If one bulb ‘blows’ it breaks the whole circuit and

all the bulbs go out.



PR!!E! CIRCUITS

The current has a choice of routes.

The components are connected side by side.

If one bulb ‘blows’ there is still be a complete circuit tothe other bulb so it stays alight.



measuring currentlectric current is measured in amps !"# using an

ammeter connected in series in the circuit.

$easures how many electrons mo%e past a certain point



measuring currentSERIES CIRCUIT

PR!!E! CIRCUIT

& current is the same

at all points in the

circuit.

0A 0A

0A

& current is shared between the

components

0A0A

1A

1A



$hat is &esistance0

'he opposition to the flow of anelectric current, producing heat.

'he greater the resistance, theless current gets through.2ood conductors have low

resistance.#easured in ohms.



$hat Influences &esistance0

#aterial of wire aluminum andcopper have low resistance

'hic3ness the thic3er the wire thelower the resistance4ength shorter wire has lower

resistance'emperature lower temperature has

lower resistance



$hat is 5oltage0

'he measure of force given to the

charge flowing in a circuit.

'he greater the voltage, thegreater the force or 6pressure7

that drives the charge through the

circuit.



)ifference between 5olts and Amps

E!ample youcould say that… Amps measure

how much watercomes out of ahose.

5olts measure how

hard the watercomes out of ahose.



*hm8s 4aw

*hm9s 4aw states that in a simple electrical circuit, the

voltage -5 e:uals the electrical current -I times theresistance -&.

2 IR

where"

is the voltage in volts

I is the current in amperes or amps

R is the resistance in ohms -;



*hm8s 4awVoltage

5oltage is the electrical potential energy and is measured in

3olt.

Current

Current indicates the amount of electrons passing through

the wire and is measured in amperes or am4 for short.

<se I to indicate current instead of a different letter.'he unit symbol for amps is A, as in 1.=A.

Resistance

Electrical resistance can be thought of as the >friction> onthe movement of electrons in a wire. &esistance is

measured in o&m, and the unit symbol for it is the 2ree3

letter omega, ;.

#ost devices in an electrical circuit can be considered

resistors, including light bulbs and electric motors.



Voltage

ResistanceCurrent (I)

÷

x

Ohm's Law Magic Triangle

;



Practice with *hm8s 4aw

*hms 5olts Amps

? @== 1

@ @= @=

1 B= @

?

D ?



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