supporting the development of robust and comparable...

Supporting the Development of

Robust and Comparable

Mitigation Actions through theMitigation Action

Assessment Protocol

(MAAP)

September 2016

• Session 1: Rationale and Introduction

• The increasing need to be able to assess and

compare different mitigation actions

• The World Bank’s Mitigation Action Assessment

Protocol (MAAP)

• Opportunities for Latin America

• Session 2: Technical Deep Dive

• Discuss the MAAP and review hypothetical case

studies

2

Objective: Discuss the importance of being able to

assess and compare different mitigation actions

Assessing and

Comparing Mitigation

Actions in a New Paris

Regime

Bianca Sylvester,

Networked Carbon Markets

Initiative

September 2016

1. The Paris Agreement has now established an

official process in which ALL countries need to

select, design and implement mitigation actions

• Speedy transition to a low-carbon economy is needed to

meet the ambitious targets in the Paris Agreement

2. Considerable discretion to governments on the

form, scope and timing of their mitigation actions

• Very light governance role for central body.

3. Recognizes the transfer of mitigation outcomes

from a very broad range of mitigation actions

4

Characteristics of a New Paris Regime

REGULATORY /

POLICY

INSTRUMENTS

QUANTITY INSTRUMENTS:

EMISSION/CERTIFICATE

TRADING

PRICE INSTRUMENTS:

TAXES, INCENTIVES

Single

SectorMulti-

Sector

• Cap and

Trade

• Offsets

• Credit and

baseline

• Clean

Energy

Standard

• RECs

• NAMAs

• Carbon

tax

• Subsidies

•Feed-in

Tariffs

•Energy

Efficiency

Tariffs

• GHG

Performance

standards

• Technology

standards

• Fuel standards

• Fossil Fuel

subsidy reform

Single

SectorMulti-

Sector

Mitigation outcomes can be recognized and transferred

from ANY measure, mechanism or protocol

6Boundaries shown on map bear no official endorsements.

MEXICOCarbon tax on

fossil fuels,

crediting

NAMAs, planned

national ETS

and

clean energy

certificate

system

CHILECarbon tax planned

for 2017

PERUNAMA development

and implementation

COLOMBIANAMAs in urban

transport sector

BRAZILRenewable energy

auctions, ETS in the

state of Rio de

Janeiro, low-carbon

city programs

COSTA RICAVoluntary carbon

market and NAMAs

In Latin America, this could mean the transfer of mitigation outcomes from a wide range of actions that are already under design and/or implementation

7

To allow for all these different mitigation actions

to be recognized, and their mitigation outcomes

to be transferred, we need new tools

NEW TOOLS TO:

• Guide the design and implementation of robust, ‘link-ready’ mitigation actions

• Enable countries to compare and link different mitigation actions in their own jurisdiction

• Enable countries to compare and link with mitigation actions in other jurisdictions

8

Existing tools

• Allow a range of

possible outcomes

• Assess development

benefits in addition

to mitigation benefits

• Enable comparability

of mitigation

outcomes rather than

uniformity

CERs

from

CDM

VERs

from

voluntary

schemes

VALIDATION AND VERIFICATION

MANUAL

YES/NO OUTCOME on whether units generated from eligible projects/ programs are backed by 1 tonne of emission reductions.

9

Characteristics of tools that might be useful to

countries in a new Paris Regime

NEW TOOLS

NAMAs

Low

Carbon

City

programs

Sector

specific

programs

Emissions

Trading

Schemes

Energy

Efficiency

Trading

Schemes

Renewabl

e Energy

Trading

Programs

Carbon

Tax

Low-

carbon

policies


possible outcomes


benefits in addition

to mitigation benefits

• Enable comparability

of mitigation

outcomes rather than

uniformity

CERs

from

CDM

VERs

from

voluntary

schemes

VALIDATION AND VERIFICATION

MANUAL

YES/NO OUTCOME on whether units generated from eligible projects/ programs are backed by 1 tonne of emission reductions.

NEW TOOLS

10

The Mitigation Action Assessment Protocol

(MAAP) has been developed to serve the new

needs of the international carbon market

NAMAs

Low

Carbon

City

programs

Sector

specific

programs

Emissions

Trading

Schemes

Energy

Efficiency

Trading

Schemes

Renewabl

e Energy

Trading

Programs

Carbon

Tax

Low-

carbon

policies


possible outcomes, as

long as UNFCCC

guidance is observed


benefits in addition to

mitigation benefits

• Enable comparability of

mitigation outcomes

rather than uniformity

The Mitigation

Action

Assessment

ProtocolNEW TOOLS

11

Tools, like the MAAP can serve a wide range of

benefits in addition to informing linking decisions

Offer a ‘checklist’ and a tool

for ‘self-evaluation’ to support

the design and

implementation of robust

‘link ready’ mitigation

actions.Enhance comparability of

mitigation actions for

prioritization and benchmarking

of mitigation actions within

countries and between them.

Provide inputs for decisions

related to linking and trading of

mitigation outcomes.

Increase confidence to

investors on the viability and

level of risk of different mitigation

actions.

• The Paris Agreement has now established an

official process in which ALL countries need to

select, design and implement mitigation actions

• It leaves considerable discretion to governments

on the form, scope and timing of their mitigation

actions

• This has created a need for new tools to guide the

design and implementation of robust mitigation

actions – and using standardized tools – can

enable comparability and exchangeability.

12

Context: Paris Regime

1. Have a more decentralized governance

framework

– Guidance, not governance, in many cases

2. Recognize a much broader range of mitigation

actions, as contained in all countries Nationally

Determined Contributions (NDCs)

3. Be inclusive and respect sovereignty

13

In Summary, some of the key characteristics of a

New Paris Regime:

Mitigation Action Assessment Protocol (MAAP)

Overview and Lessons Learned from Pilots

Panama, 27 September 2016

Agenda

15


MAAP Tool Pilots and Lessons Learned

MAAP Tool – new activities to support MA development

Conclusions

New Carbon Markets Landscape

16

• From a single internationally accepted mechanism to a diversity

of initiatives:

• More diverse in nature - projects/policies

• Regional, National and Sub National actions

• Have different timeframes- short vs very long

• One sector or multi sectorial

• Bottom-up approach under the umbrella of individual NDC

• Building on future interpretations of Article 6.2 and 6.4

• Multiple market instruments.

17

A linked international carbon market is desirable

Governments and market participants need information

about the schemes that they link with and the carbon assets that are

imported

Governments should have the sovereignty to act responsibly on

the information about the schemes that they link with and the carbon

assets that are imported

Information about MA– basic for international cooperation

Linking will not occur and climate finance will not flow if Governments, market participants and investors lack information about the schemes that

they link with, carbon assets that they purchase or programs they invest in.

18

A key tool for achieving transparency in the design and

implementation of mitigation actions is the Mitigation Action

Assessment Protocol (MAAP)

The Mitigation

Action Assessment

Protocol

February 2016

While the end-goal of the MAAP is to facilitate linking, many countries may choose

not to use it for this purpose, especially in the

short term.

MAAP pilots have demonstrated that it can be

used to achieve a wide range of other objectives.

Mitigation Action Assessment Protocol• Developed by DNV GL• Expert Reviewed by

IISD and New Climate Institute. Mitigation

value

PROGRAM LEVEL: Risk relating to the characteristics of a specific program

POLICY LEVEL: Risk relating to the

characteristics of a jurisdiction’s

collective low-carbon policies

CONTRIBUTION TO A GLOBAL TARGET

Risk relating to the characteristics of a

jurisdiction’s contribution to

addressing global climate change

Mitigation Value Assessment

19

Development Process

Stakeholders engagement

• Carbon Expo May 2013

• Latin America Carbon Forum (Rio de Janeiro), FICCI (New Delhi), Asian Carbon Forum (Bangkok) – Fall 2013

• GHG verifiers. Thailand Feb 2016

Working group -Globally Networked Carbon Markets

• WB Internal Meeting –June 2013

• Paris Working Group meeting 1 – Sept. 2013

• Webinar Update – Dec. 2013

• Paris Working Group meeting 2-February 2014

Peer review

• Comments invited from the Working Group, selected individuals and organizations

• Technical peer reviewrs

2014 - (IdeaCarbon,C2B2)

2015- IISD, New Climate Institute

Testing and Pilots

• NAMAs- Ecuador, Peru

Low Carbon City Programs Phitsanulok and Pakkret, Thailand.

20

Goals and MAAP Structure

21

Key indicators weighting average

Higher weight will assign a larger impact

Module area weighting

relative importance of each risk area within a module

Module’s assessmentresult

Key Indicators score

Score range for each level of development

- Default

- Override score

Level of confidence

Key modules in the MAAP

22

Mitigation Action Program

Definition & Scope

Objectives & Targets

Planning

Roles, Responsibilities &

Authorities

Barriers

Emissions reduction from Intervention

Monitoring and Reporting

Mitigation Action Management Entity

Management Framework

Financial and Investment Capacity

Framework

Climate Change Programs

Management

Investment Environment

Economic and political

environment

Climate Change Capacity

Development Benefits

Sustainable Development Objectives &

Targets

Planning & Participation

Monitoring of Sustainable

Development

Environmental Integrity

MAAP tool

MAAP- Example

23

0

5

10

15

20

25

Definition &Scope

Objectives andTargets

Planning

Roles,Responsibilitiesand Authorities

Barriers

EmissionsReductions

fromInterventions

Monitoring andReporting

Mitigation Action Program Module

max score

score

24

Assessing the mitigation impact of a climate action through the MAAP

can – and has – been used to achieve a wide range of objectives

Mitigation Actions Assessment Protocol (MAAP Tool)

• Quantitative assessment of level of development / risk areas for

implementation for crediting mitigation actions

• Assess environmental integrity + Governance + Sust Development

• Promotes continuous improvement and benchmarking

• Provides a technical input to the new concept of Mitigation Value

25

Agenda

26




27

THE PROCESS OF SCREENING MITIGATION ACTIONS IN PERU

APPLICATION AS A NAMA SCREENING TOOL

NCM ACTIVITIES

Piloting the MAAP in Peru

Shortlisting of 80+ mitigation actions

Customization of MAAP by protocol

developers & national experts

Ex ante assessment of 10 prioritized

mitigation actions

Selection of 3 mitigation actions for

support under the Partnership for

Market Readiness: NAMA Waste,

NAMA Cement, and Mitigation

Measure of PV distributed generation

TH

E

MA

AP

P

IL

OT

S

• In December 2015, the MAAP was applied in Peru

to compare and prioritize Nationally Appropriate

Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) for its Partnership

for Market Readiness (PMR) proposal.

• Mitigation actions chosen: NAMA Waste, NAMA

Cement, and Mitigation Measure of photovoltaic

distributed generation.

• The participatory nature of the assessment proved

useful to identify areas of improvement.

• Next Step: Explore possibility of using the

MAAP as one of the mainstays of a future

Mitigation Action Registry in Peru.

Peru Mitigation Action Assessment Protocol – overview & weightings for program-level assessment

28

MóduloImportancia

Relativa

PM1 PM1.Definiciónyalcancedelamedidademitigación 20%

PM2 PM2.Objetivosymetas 20%

PM3 PM3.Planificación 20%

PM4

PM4.Recursosdisponibles,roles,responsabilidadesy

autoridades10%

PM5 PM5.Documentos,controldedocumentosyregistros 10%

PM6 PM6reduccióndeemisionesdeintervenciones 10%

PM7 PM7monitoreoyreporte 10%

EG1 EG1MarcodeGestión 70%

EG2 EG2GestióndeprogramasdelCambioClimático. 30%

PPR1 PPR1MedidadeMitigaciónenelcontextoPPR 30%

PPR2 PPR2SectorygestiondelPPR 70%

BD1

BD1Alcance,ObjetivosyMetasparalaContribuciónal

DesarrolloSostenible40%

BD2

BD2PlanificaciónyPaticipaciónhaciaunDesarrollo

Sostenible30%

BD3 BD3SeguimientodelaContribuciónalDesarrolloSostenible 30%

ÁreadeEvaluación

ProgramadeMedida

deMitigación

Contribuciónal

DesarrolloSostenible

Alineacióncon

PrioridadesPresupuestarias

EntidadGestora

< Subset of key indicators for each

area

Peru Waste Management NAMA – overview: ex-ante assessment

29

0

5

10

15

20PM1

PM2

PM3

PM4PM5

PM6

PM7

Módulo:ProgramadelaMedidadeMi gación

30.8

16.8

70

30

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

EG1

EG2

Módulo:En dadGestora

16.8

47.6

30

70

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

PPR1

PPR2

Módulo:AlineaciónPPR

0

10

20

30

40BD1

BD2BD3

Módulo:ContribuciónDesarrolloSostenible

30

• In February 2016, the NCM Initiative conducted field visits to

the municipalities of Phitsanulok and Pak Kret to apply the

MAAP to evaluate and compare Low-Carbon Cities (LCC)

programs.

• The MAAP, as well as the findings of the field visits, were

presented at a multi-stakeholder workshop in Bangkok

organized in collaboration with the Thai Greenhouse Gas

Management Organization (TGO).

• Next step: TGO has expressed interest in scaling up the

application of the MAAP to 100 low-carbon city activities in

Thailand.

NCM ACTIVITIES

Piloting the MAAP in Thailand

TH

E

MA

AP

P

IL

OT

S

PHITSANULOK

PAK KRET

LCC PROGRAMS IN

THAILAND

BANGKOK

Agenda

31




5. New Calculation

Assign weights and/or scores for

key indicators and assessment

areas

Select confidence level

Provide evidence in attachments

MAAP Online Tool

4. Compare and benchmark results

• Compare results in bar chart/table

form

• Compare results against

benchmarks (average score, best

score, maximum score)

MAAP Online Tool

Mitigation Actions Pipeline

34

• Builds on the CDM and NAMA Pipeline concepts.

• Commissioned to UNEP DTU.

• Goals:

• to support the design of robust MA by providing information

on their level of development.

• Identify focus areas for international finance (MRV,

institutional development, enabling components, etc.)

• Activities

MAAP Assessor Guidelines

35

• Released on 23rd Sept for peer review

• Provides guidance on the interpretation of MAAP key

indicator and means of assessment.

Key Indicator Background Means of Assessment

DB1.1 MA contribution to

sustainable development

This indicator aims to identify if the scope of

the MA includes a contribution to sustainable

development.

The most effective way to verify this indicator is

to make a direct reference to the jurisdiction

policy and regulatory framework for sustainable

development; and evaluate the alignment with

other jurisdictional priorities in terms of social

development, economic benefit or environmental

integrity.

DB 1.2 The MA sustainable

development objectives and

targets

Unlike the previous indicator, this indicator

focuses on MAs containing specific

objectives related to sustainable

development, where emission reduction is

considered as an additional benefit. The aim

of this indicator is to ensure that the action

clearly defines its sustainable development

benefits, and sets specific targets and

objectives to track and monitor progress.

The user should assess the proposed objectives

and targets in the context of the UN’s SDGs. A

robust set of objectives and targets will clearly

identify its alignment with one or more of the UN

SDG and the SDG targets its proposed to

contribute to. It is desirable for the MA’s

contribution to go beyond SDG 13 (climate

action).

Agenda

36




Conclusions

Conclusions and Further Development

• Quantitative assessment.

• Availability of data.

• Focused on crediting readiness

• Readiness of existing mitigation actions

• MAAP serves at this stage three purposes

• Self evaluation

• Design support tool for MA seeking crediting

• Assessment tool for governments, development banks

• Benchmarking

• MAAP Tool online version

37

Oportunidades para el uso de MAAP enAmérica Latina y el Caribe

LEDS LAC

Panamá

September 27, 2016

Juan C. Mata

Emisiones GEI Región ALyC BAU 2012-2030

Fuente “Medidas de adaptación y mitigación frente al cambio climático en

América Latina y el Caribe”. CEPAL/Unión Europea 2015. http://bit.ly/2doQYNv

• BAU = crecimiento anual 2.8% (2012-2030)

• Posible estabilización de emisiones principalmente mediante acciones

de reducción de intensidad energética e intensidad carbónica

Acciones Sectoriales Prioritarias de Mitigación en ALyC

Fuente “Medidas de adaptación y mitigación frente al cambio climático en América

Latina y el Caribe”. CEPAL/Unión Europea 2015. http://bit.ly/2doQYNv

• Medidas enfocadas a sectores

energético, transporte,

agropecuario y CUS

• Incertidumbre en la medición

del impacto final de las

medidas y su integración en

estrategias de desarrollo

sostenible.

Medidas Principales:

• MDL en EE y cambios en matriz

energética

• Instrumentos fiscales, impuestos al

carbono (Chile y México)

• REDD

• Mecanismos financieros retrofit

tecnológico.

INDCs/NDCs en ALyC

Fuente “Analysis and trends of Latin America and the Caribbean

INDCs/NDCs”. UNDP 2016. http://bit.ly/2dA4lZS

• 3 países Incondicionales

• 7 países Condicionadas

• 22 países Combinadas

• 9 países incluyen NAMAs

Principales Medidas:

• Energía: Renovables,

Eficiencia

• USCUS: REDD+, PPSA,

refoerestación/restauración

• Agriculutra: ganadería

eficiente, manejo

sustentable de suelos,

pastoreo planificado

• Transporte: impuestos

vehiculares, combustibles

limpios, Autos

eléctricos/híbridos, gestión

de redes

Uso de Mecanismos de Mercado para Mitigación en ALyC

Algunas Ventajas de MAAP:

• Incrementa la viabilidad comercial

de acciones de mitigación en los

mercados de carbono;

• Fortalece el reconocimiento

internacional de acciones de

mitigación de entidades públicas y

sector privado;

• Contribuye al fortalecimiento

institucional de entidades

promotoras;

• Posiciona a entidades promotoras

frente a fuentes de financiamiento

climático;

• Contribuye a eficientar el

desempeño de entidades fde

financiamiento climático

Fuente “Analysis and trends of Latin America and the Caribbean

INDCs/NDCs”. UNDP 2016. http://bit.ly/2dA4lZS

Usuarios de MAAP y Potenciales Proyectos

Usuarios:

• Gobiernos Nacionales y Subnacionales

• Sector Privado

• Empresas de consultoría

• Organismos Internacionales de

Cooperación

• Entidades de Acreditación y

Certificación

Proyectos de interés inmediato en

México:

• PEAC Estado de Jalisco;

• Red de Ciudades Sustentables;

• NAMA Urbano43

Gracias!!!

Juan C. Mata

Consultant

Network Carbon Markets

The World Bank

Email: [email protected]

44

Evaluacion de programas públicos y

aplicabilidad de MAAP

Centro de Estudios de Competitividad/ ITAM

Septiembre 27, 2016

Experiencia en evaluaciones

Experiencia del ITAM en evaluaciones a programas públicos

• Evaluaciones de Diseño (8)

• Evaluaciones de Consistencia y Resultados (3)

• Evaluaciones de Impacto y Procesos (4)

• Otras evaluaciones (21)

46

Metodologías integrales de evaluación

Problemática

Objetivo de programaEjecución

Brecha

OE2

Dos pilares para MAAP

48

Centro de Estudios de

Competitividad

Centro de Energía y RecursosNaturales

Estudios SectorialesEvaluaciones

Cambio Climático

Algunas lecciones aprendidas

• El éxito de un programa depende tanto de aspectos de su diseño como desu operación

• La disposición de un programa público a ser evaluado, proyecta certidumbresobre el diseño y operación

• Contar con una metodología establecida y probada, aumenta la credibilidadde los resultados

• Las evaluaciones deben de generar una lista de aspectos susceptibles demejora, que idealmente define prioridades

49

Gracias

Acerca del ITAM

• El ITAM cuenta con 14 Programas de Licenciatura con 4,370 alumnosactualmente, 14 Programas de Posgrados con 664 alumnos y Programas deDesarrollo Ejecutivo con 6,682 alumnos inscritos.

• Cuenta con 205 profesores de tiempo completo y 21 profesores de mediotiempo.

• De su planta académica, el 94% cuenta con estudios de posgrado, 68%tiene doctorado y 78 pertenecen al Sistema Nacional de Investigadores.

51

Colaboración internacional

El ITAM tiene una fuerte presencia internacional a través de convenios decolaboración a nivel mundial. Actualmente el ITAM cuenta con convenios con152 universidades en 36 países.

52

Centro de Estudios de Competitividad

• El Centro de Estudios de Competitividad (CEC), es el centro de investigacióndel ITAM encargado de realizar proyectos de consultoría e investigaciónaplicada para empresas, instituciones públicas y privadas.

• Su misión es realizar proyectos que tengan un impacto positivo en lasociedad, utilizando el conocimiento de punta para generar soluciones aproblemas, determinar direcciones estratégicas y mejorar las capacidadesde instituciones privadas y públicas.

53

Ventaja competitiva

• Experiencia en la elaboración de estudios sectoriales y de competitividaddesde 1990.

• Extenso manejo de la teoría y la práctica de administración de proyectos,con experiencia en más de 150 proyectos, garantizando el cumplimiento delos parámetros de calidad y tiempo.

• Investigadores con grados académicos y experiencia en instituciones deprestigio mundial.

• Especialistas en estudios sectoriales, investigaciones de campo, prospectivay en diversas áreas.

54

Evaluaciones de Diseño de Programas Públicos

• Evaluación de Diseño del Programa E008 Protección y promoción de losderechos de Propiedad Industrial: Instituto Mexicano de la Propiedad Industrial(2016)

• Evaluación de Diseño al Programa F002 Desarrollo de Infraestructura para elFomento y Promoción de la Inversión en el Sector Turismo: Secretaría deTurismo (2015)

• Evaluación en materia de Diseño del Programa U001 “Apoyos para el Desarrollode la Oferta Turística: Secretaría de Turismo (2012)

• Evaluación de Diseño 2011 del Fondo Sectorial de Innovación (FINNOVA):Secretaría de Economía (2011)

• Evaluación en materia de diseño del Fondo para la Reconversión de sectoresproductivos de las industrias textil, vestido, calzado y juguetes (Fondo deReconversión): Secretaría de Economía (2010)

• Evaluación de Diseño del Servicio Geológico Mexicano: Servicio GeológicoMexicano (2009)

• Evaluación de Impacto del Programa PROSOFT (Evaluación Integral 2008-2009):Secretaría de Economía (2008) – (Integral incluyó: Diseño, Impacto y Procesos)

• Evaluación de Diseño del Programa PROLOGYCA: Secretaría de Economía (2008)

55

Evaluaciones de Consistencia y Resultados de

Programas Públicos

• Evaluación de Consistencia y Resultados del Programa E005 Servicios deOrientación Turística y asistencia Mecánica: Secretaría de Turismo (2013)

• Evaluación de Consistencia y Resultado del Programa F001 “Promoción DeMéxico Como Destino Turístico”: SECTUR (2012)

• Evaluación de Consistencia y Resultado del PROSOFT: Secretaría deEconomía (2011-2012)

56

Evaluaciones de Impacto y Procesos de Programas

Públicos

• Evaluación de Procesos del Programa F001 Promoción de México domoDestino Turístico: Secretaría de Turismo (2015)

• Estudio de Evaluación de Impacto del PROSOFT: CANIETI (2012)

• Evaluación de Impacto del Programa PROSOFT (Evaluación Integral 2008-2009): Secretaría de Economía (2008) – (Integral incluyó: Diseño, Impactoy Procesos)

57

Evaluaciones a otros Programas Públicos

• Evaluación del Tianguis Turístico: Consejo de Promoción Turística de México(2014)

• Evaluación Específica de los Programas de Desarrollo Forestal: ComisiónNacional Forestal (2011)

• Evaluación del Tianguis Turístico: Secretaría de Turismo (2001-2008)

• Evaluación de Impacto de los Programas Orientados a la Innovación en lasEmpresas: CONACYT (2008)

• Evaluación del Fideicomiso de Fomento Minero: FIFOMI (2001, 2002, 2003)

• Evaluación del Programa de Apoyo a la Ciencia: CONACYT (2003)

• Estudio de Impacto de la Creación de un Homeport de Cruceros en el CaribeMexicano: Secretaría de Turismo (2002)

58

Evaluaciones a programas públicos

• Evaluación Específica de los Programas de Desarrollo Forestal

• Evaluación de Diseño 2011 del Fondo Sectorial de Innovación (FINNOVA)

• Evaluación de Diseño 2010 del Fondo para la Reconversión de SectoresProductivos de las Industrias Textil, Vestido, Calzado y Juguetes

• Evaluación de Diseño del Servicio Geológico Mexicano (SGM)

• Evaluación de Impacto del PROSOFT y Evaluación de Diseño dePROLOGYCA

• Evaluación de Tianguis Turísticos para los años de 2001 a 2008

• Evaluación de Impacto del los Programas Orientados a la Innovación en lasEmpresas

• Evaluación del Fideicomiso de Fomento Minero para los años de 2001 a2003

• Evaluación del Programa de Apoyo a la Ciencia

59

supporting the development of robust and comparable...

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