Support to Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation

Universal Access to Water Supply and Sanitation for Urban Poor

1PAS Project

Need for Universal Access to WSS for Poor

Poor level of WSS services available in slums/poor area in many cities

Lack of citywide approach in past programme

Recent policy/programme focus on housing require massive funds

Access to services constrained by land tenure issues

Approach towards Universal Access to WSS in Ahmedabad

• Develop Slum/Poor area Information System

• Review Policies and programmes provision to improve access for the poor

• Develop Strategy for Universal Access to WSS for Poor

City Profile

Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation in 2006

Population – 3.5 million (Census 2001)

Area – 190 sq. km Density - 183 person per hectare No. of admin zones – 5 No. of wards – 43 Extended Boundary AMC (2007) Population – 4.9 million Area – 466 sq. km Density - 105 person per hectare No. of admin zones – 6 No. of wards – 64

Magnitude of Slums in Ahmedabad

Type of dwelling

No. of locations

No. of house

Population

Slums 710 1,76,754 8,83,770

Chawls 958 1,49,022 7,45,110

Old AMC 1668 3,25,776 16,28,888

Source: AMC-NGO Survey, 2001

AMC population (in million)

Slum population (in million)

Share of slum population (%)

4.9 1.78 36Source: AMC, 2007

Extended Area 82 33,849 1,52,468

AMC - Total

1750 3,59,625 17,81,348 Source: AMC, 2006

Household Level Services

  Total Slum ChawlNo. of houses 325 176 149

Water connection 197 94 103Individual toilet 143 60 84

Nos. in ‘thousands

• 61% households have individual water connection

• 44% households have individual toilet facility

53%34%

69%56%61%

44%

Individual Water Individual Toilet

Coverage of Household Level Service

Slum Chawl AMC

Water Connection Toilet FacilitySource: AMC-NGO Survey, 2001

Review of Ongoing Scheme For Individual Services

Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Scheme:

• 90:10 individual toilet scheme (Mid 1990s)

• Slum Networking Project (1996)

• 40 sq. m No Objection Certificate (NOC) Scheme for

water and drainage connection (2002)

State Government Scheme

• Urban Sanitation Programme (2005-06)

• Nirmal Gujarat Sanitation Programme (2008)

AMC’s Initiative for Slum Up gradation before RAY1971 1981 1991 Present2001

Slum Survey (1974)

• Slum Census carried out in 1976

• Family card was issued to all the slum dwellers

• No. of pockets-1200• No. of huts-82,177• Resolution: All the

slum dwellers are eligible for legal individual services

Resolution

• Later on AMC has taken 1976 slum census as cut off date, hence, eligible for alternative provision in case of eviction

Toilet Scheme (1980-81)

• 80:20 Individual Toilet scheme was introduced

• State/AMC’s contribution was 80% and 20% was beneficiaries’ contribution

• Scheme reaches to approx. 3,000 families in slums over 10 years due to rigid specification and complex procedure

Individual Toilets scheme (1990)

• 80:20 scheme was modified and introduced 90:10 scheme

• AMC’s and beneficiaries’ contribution was 90% and 10%

• Scheme reached approx. 14,000 families till date Slum Networking Project (1996)

• Objective: Integrate slums with city and city infrastructure

• Main Component: Physical infrastructure, land tenure for 10 years, community development etc.

• Scheme reaches to 47 slums with 10,000 families over 13 years

• Won Dubai International AwardAMC-NGO Slum Survey (2001)

• Pocket level survey carried out for all slums • Service level: Water connections: 35% and Toilet: 34%

in slums NOC Scheme (2002)

• To reach slums where services not provided till date under any programme/scheme (High Court order)

• Unique scheme to overcome the issue of tenure and ownership

Nirmal Gujarat Sanitation Programme & USP (2006 onwards)

• With the goal of becoming open defecation free city, this scheme was introduced by State under urban year and Nirmal Gujarat

• Approx. 45,000 individual toilets have been constructed in last 6 yrs Biometric and Total station Slum Survey (2009)

• Carry out citywide household level biometric and total station survey for all slums (JnNURM reform)

Process Mapping–Water Connection

NOC to get legal water, drainage and electricity connections.

This construction is not deemed legal or its occupant does not get any legal authorisation when No Objection Certificate is issued

Material and labour cost to be borne by beneficiaries

Proof: Copy of 7/12 as a proof for land ownership or copy of property card to verify whether land is private or government land. Or the applicant should have residence proof like ration card, property tax payment receipt, voter I.D., or electricity bill

Barrier: Scheme is not implemented on public land

Proof: NOC Certificate has to be produced to get water & drainage connection

If drainage connection is there one can apply directly for individual water connection

For getting water connection applicant has to submit drainage connection pay receipt

Process Mapping–Toilet Scheme

Proof: (i) Copy of ration card or a tax receipt, (ii) a sewage receipt, and (iii) photo of the household member who is the official beneficiary along with application fee of Rs.50

Barrier: Scheme may only be implemented if the resident can prove legal ownership of the house. Ration card is used to prove the ownership of house. (Election card or electricity bill is not considered as a proof of ownership)

Technical supervisor explains the design of toilet to the beneficiaries which is mentioned in the work order

High Risk: Initial investment to be borne by beneficiaries; Rigid specifications to be followed. If beneficiaries fails to follow the specifications, s/he does not get the pay order. AMC has not revised the contribution cost of Rs. 2894 since many years; hence this scheme became 40:60 instead of 90:10 w.r.t. to existing cost of construction

PAS Project 11

Infrastructure in Slums

12

Internal Network Available

No Network Available

Support to AMC under PAS Project

• Developing a detailed and integrated information base on sum settlements to pull together and validate information from various departments and surveys on a GIS platform

• Develop a few options for development of infrastructure services for different categories of slum settlements

• Assist AMC to develop a citywide strategy for universal access to individual water and sanitation services particularly, with a focus on appropriate financing and implementation mechanisms

Updating of database of slums • PAS staff works closely with various

department of AMC to update the information about slums

• Compilation of slum data from various departments of Corporation (e.g. location of slum w.r.t. FP/TP, road cutting or reserved land, etc from TDO & Estate department; data on access to toilets from Health Department )

• Identification of slums location• Providing technical support in

Biometric and Socio-economic survey, carried out by AMCThe aim is to evolve an effective information system, which can help in decision-making

Support to AMC under PAS Project

Mapping of slums:

• Location of 1,668 slums and chawls on GIS map

• Prepare various layers of land use map of AMC on GIS

• Prepare a map of location of closed textile mills, reserved land for EWS

Support to AMC under PAS Project

Location of slums w.r.t. land use of city

Identification of slums that need to be relocated

Slum pockets located on high land price

Land bank identification

GIS based Slum Information System

Tools for Decision Making

Helps in policy decisions and effective planning; ranging from a single slum settlement to the entire city

Identify the slums under different various slum redevelopment model

Decision-making in infrastructure planning and implementation

Allows the inter-departmental linkages and regular updating of slum database

Conceptual Framework for Slum MIS

City Level Slum Information System

Conceptual Framework for Slum MIS

Household Level Slum Information System

Approach to Planning for Slums

• Service Provision Goal: Achieve universal coverage of Individual water connection and toilet facilities in slums of Ahmedabad. Swarnim Gujarat Goals (2010):

Pure Drinking Water for All

Open Defecation Free City • Assess number of slum households that need

services• Identify slums to be relocated• Identify slums to be redeveloped under PPP• Balance to be provided on-site services

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Strategic Considerations

Finance does not seem to be a major issue in Ahmedabad

Existing programmes of AMC are beset with many requirements that cause delays

Amend existing schemes: Tenure guarantee requirement in SNP Use of item rate contracts for toilets under

90:10 Introduce internal infrastructure (water and

sewerage in slums) schemes Address issues related to contractors willing to

work in slums

Thank You

Special Thanks To

Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation