supervisory management - the process of control (relating to horticulture)
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Supervisory Management
Week 9: Lecture 2 - Controlling
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Control: outcomes
• The purpose of control• How control processes work• Various types of control• Characteristics of an effective control system
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The purpose of control
• Provides feedback
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The purpose of control
• Helps adapt to change
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The purpose of control
• Helps reduce errors
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The purpose of control
• Helps cope with increasing complexity & size
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The purpose of control
• Helps minimise costs
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The control process
1 setting
standards
2measuring
performance
3evaluating deviations
4correcting
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1. Setting standards
1 setting
standards
2measuring
performance
3evaluating deviations
4correcting
Control = revised planning
Standards should be:• relevant• realistic• attainable• worthwhile
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1. Setting standards
relevant realistic attainable worthwhile
standard
tolerance
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2. Measuring performance
1 setting
standards
2measuring
performance
3evaluating deviations
4correcting
Control should be• quantifiable
Reports to be• reliable
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2. Measuring performance
quantifiable reliable
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3. Evaluating deviations
1 setting
standards
2measuring
performance
3evaluating deviations
4correcting
Large deviations should be investigated.
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3. Evaluate deviations
quantifiable reliable
standard
tolerance
Large deviation
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4. Correcting
1 setting
standards
2measuring
performance
3evaluating deviations
4correcting
Correcting can include:• improving performance• revising strategies• lowering standards to be more realistic
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4. Correcting
standard
tolerance
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4. Correcting
standard
tolerance
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4. Correcting
standard
tolerance
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4. Correcting
standard
tolerance
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4. Correcting
standard
tolerance
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Types of control
• Physical resources• Financial resources• Information resources• Human resources
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Physical resources
• Capital & assets and raw materials
inventory Stock-taking
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Financial resources
Organisation
1. income 2. assets3. expenses
BUDGET
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Information resources
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Human resources
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Characteristics of effective control
• Integration• Flexibility • Accuracy• Timeliness• Simplicity
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Summary: what is control?
• Control is a continuous process• Control is a management process• Control is embedded in each level of organizational
hierarchy• Control is forward looking• Control is closely linked with planning• Control is a tool for achieving organizational activities• Control is an end process• Control compares planned performance with actual
performance
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True or False?
a. Control helps cope with changesb. Control systems increase costs in an
organisationc. Controls helps cope with increasing size and
complexityd. Control limits errors