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Supercapacitor-the paradigm shift in energy storage

By,ShabanazSneha sree.sRYMEC BELLARY

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IntroductionEES (Electric Energy Storage)

overcomes the disadvantages of renewable energies like:

Generation discontinuityDifficulty in integration of plants in

generation pool.A renewable energy generation

plant with its corresponding EES behaves as a constant power generation plant.

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What is an Electric Energy Storage

System?An electrical energy storage (EES)

system is an energy reservoir.which can store energy electrically

and supply energy when necessary.Generally EES systems perform three

functions of energymanagement, power bridging, and

power quality control.

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Classification 0f principle energy storage systems.

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Classification of ESS for medium scale applications

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CAES

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Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)

It is a way to store energy generated at one time for use at another time.

The energy storage capacity depends on deposit volume and maximum storage pressure of the compressed

air. Efficiency is usually 99% and life time is about

<50 years.

The power generated is 110MW-290MW.

 

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Pumped hydro electric storage

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Pumped hydroelectric storage

The method stores energy in the form of water, pumped from a lower elevation reservoir to a higher elevation.

These plants are used for large scale applications.

The efficiency is 70-80% and life time is

of 50 years.

The power generated is 100MW-2GW

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Superconducting

magnets Superconducting

Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) system stores the energy as magnetic energy in a superconducting magnet.

The energy stored by an SMES is E=1/2LI2

SMES are designed with an energy storage of 0.15KWh to 28KWh comparatively lower than supercapacitors.

SMES (200 kW, 2 MJ)

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Flywheels Flywheel is a mass rotating about an axis, which can store energy mechanically in the form of kinetic energy.

Energy is stored as kinetic energy Using a rotor that rotates with high angular speed .

Energy is stored as kinetic energy using a rotor that rotates with high angular speed is E=1/2Jω2

Flywheel Energy Storage System (ENERCON, 200 kW)

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BatteriesThese systems could be

located in any place and be rapidly installed.

BESS uses a PCM to convert the battery DC energy into AC grid-compatible energy.

The energy is stored as electro-chemical energy.

These units present fast dynamics with response times near 20 milliseconds and efficiency from 60 % to 80 %.

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supercapacitors

As of 2011 EDLCs have a maximum working voltage of a few volts (standard

electrolytic can work at hundreds of volts) and capacities of up to 5,000F.

There are a large number of developers of supercapacitors. The leading companies include SAFT (France), NESS (Korea), ESMA (Russia), Power Cache (Maxwell, USA), ELIT (Russia), Power System Co. (Japan) and Chubu Electric Power (Japan), etc. 

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Supercapacitor

COMPONENTS OF SUPERCAPACITOR

ELECTRODEELECTROLYTESEPERATOR

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Equivalent circuitThis equivalent circuit is only a simplified

or first order model of a Supercapacitor.C=ℇ0ℇrA/D E=1/2CV2

V(t)=VC(0)e-t/RC

E=1/2CVC2(0) )e-2t/RC

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Why supercapacitors for ESS?Because they can store much more than

conventional cap &offer higher power density than batteries.

The main drawback of CAES is probably the geological structure reliance.

Pumped hydro electric storage systems requires large bodies of water having large variation in height

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The major problems confronting the implementation of SMES units are the high cost and environmental issues associated with strong magnetic field .

Self discharge rates for complete flywheel systems are high, with minimum rate of 20% of the stored capacity per hour.

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Advantages of supercapacitors

Low impedance (ESR) Rapid charging and discharging Simple charge methods Cost-effective energy storage Low cost per cycle Lower energy density compensated by a

very high cycle countLong life time

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Disadvantages of supercapacitors

Low energy density Low voltage Linear discharge

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Applications of supercapacitors

The most promising applications are described below:

Portable power suppliesSpinning reserveVoltage regulationPower quality and uninterruptible

power

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Applications

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Domestic ApplicationsComputer systemsUPS systemsPower conditionersWeldersInvertersPower suppliesPower generatorsAutomobile regenerative braking systems

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Conclusion

The 6 technologies described above are applied for power fluctuation suppression in renewable energy.

Supercapacitor is an emerging technology that meets the storage demands for high cost n lower density now and in future

advanced energy storage devices that will further the push towards greater energy efficiency and more sustainable alternatives.

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Questions?

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THANK YOU