supercapacitor seminar

8/18/2019 supercapacitor Seminar

1/28

SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON

SUPERCAPACITOR: A Future of EnergyStorage

Submitted by

Durgesh Maneshwar

ID- 2012EE11!"

Submitted t#

De$artment #% E&e'tri'a& Engineering

Ma&a(iya Nati#na& Institute #% Te'hn#gy

)ai$ur


2/28

INTROD*TION

In genera&+ a 'a$a'it#r is a de(i'e whi'h is used t# st#re the'harge in an e&e'tri'a& 'ir'uit, asi'a&&y a 'a$a'it#r is made u$

#% tw# '#ndu't#rs se$arated by an insu&at#r 'a&&ed die&e'tri',

A su$er'a$a'it#r is a high-'a$a'ity e&e'tr#'hemi'a& 'a$a'it#rwith 'a$a'itan'e (a&ues mu'h higher than #ther 'a$a'it#rs,

A&s# .n#wn as u&tra'a$a'it#rs #r d#ub&e-&ayer 'a$a'it#rs,


3/28

*ONSTR*TION AND /ORIN

An su$er'a$a'it#r 'e&& basi'a&&y '#nsists#% tw# e&e'tr#des+ a se$arat#r+ and an

e&e'tr#&yte, E&e'tr#des are made u$ #% a meta&&i'

'#&&e't#r+ whi'h is the high '#ndu'ting

$art+ and #% an a'ti(e materia&+ whi'h is

the high sur%a'e area $art,

The tw# e&e'tr#des are se$arated by a

membrane+ the se$arat#r+ whi'h a&ws

the m#bi&ity #% the 'harged i#ns but

%#rbids the e&e'tr#ni' '#ndu'tan'e, Then

the system is im$regnated with an

e&e'tr#&yte, /#r.ing (#&tage is determined by

de'#m$#siti#n (#&tage #% e&e'tr#&yte and

de$ends main&y #n en(ir#nment

tem$erature+ 'urrent intensity and

reuired &i%etime,


4/28

/#r.ing3*#ntd,,4 E&e'tr#'hemi'a& inert materia&s with the highest s$e'i%i'

sur%a'e area 3&i.e 'arb#n4 are uti&i5ed %#r e&e'tr#des in #rder t#

%#rm a d#ub&e &ayer with a ma6imum number #% e&e'tr#&ytei#ns,

The ge#metri'a& si5e #% 'arb#n sheets is ta.en in su'h a way

that they ha(e a (ery high sur%a'e area, The high&y $#r#us

'arb#n 'an st#re m#re energy than any #ther e&e'tr#&yti''a$a'it#r,

/hen the (#&tage is a$$&ied t# $#siti(e $&ate+ it attra'ts

negati(e i#ns %r#m e&e'tr#&yte, /hen the (#&tage is a$$&ied t#

negati(e $&ate+ it attra'ts $#siti(e i#ns %r#m e&e'tr#&yte, There%#re+ there is a %#rmati#n #% a &ayer #% i#ns #n b#th sides

#% the $&ate, This is 'a&&ed 7D#ub&e &ayer8 %#rmati#n,

The i#ns are then st#red near the sur%a'e #% 'arb#n


5/28

/#r.ing3*#ntd,,4

The $ur$#se #% ha(ingse$arat#r is t# $re(ent the'harges m#(ing a'r#ss thee&e'tr#des,

The am#unt #% energy st#red

is (ery &arge as '#m$ared t#standard 'a$a'it#r be'ause #%the en#rm#us sur%a'e area'reated by the $#r#us 'arb#ne&e'tr#des and the sma&&

'harge se$arati#n 'reated bythe die&e'tri' se$arat#r,

The distan'e between the$&ates is in the #rder #%angstr#ms,


6/28

/#r.ing3*#ntd,,4 Su$er'a$a'it#r st#re 'harge e&e'tr#stati'a&&y and there

is n# trans%er #% 'harge between e&e'tr#de ande&e'tr#&yte,

Su$er'a$a'it#r uti&i5e an e&e'tr#'hemi'a& d#ub&e-&ayer

#% 'harge t# st#re energy, As (#&tage is a$$&ied+

'harge a''umu&ates #n the e&e'tr#de sur%a'es,

These a'hie(e (ery high 'y'&ing stabi&ities,

Di%%erent %#rms #% 'arb#n materia&s that 'an be used t#

st#re 'harge in Su$er'a$a'it#r e&e'tr#des area'ti(ated 'arb#ns+ 'arb#n aer#ge&s+ and 'arb#n

nan#tubes,


7/28

*#m$aris#n /ith atteries

Very high rates of charge and discharge attery st#res energy in a 'hemi'a& rea'ti#n, That is+ i#ns

are a'tua&&y intr#du'ed inside the e&e'tr#de8s at#mi'

stru'ture, e'ause i#ns in su$er'a$a'it#rs #n&y 9'&ing: #n the

$&ates+ this resu&ts in mu'h %aster 'harge and dis'harge'y'&es,

Little degradation over hundreds of thousands of cyclesatteries degrade within a %ew th#usand 'harge-dis'harge

'y'&es, Su$er'a$a'it#rs 'an ha(e m#re than ;00+000

'harging 'y'&es+ whi'h is %ar m#re than a battery 'an hand&e,


8/28

*an e%%e'ti(e&y %u&%i& the reuirement #% high 'urrent

$u&ses that 'an .i&& a battery i% used instead,

atteries %ai& where high 'harging dis'harging ta.es $&a'e

whereas Su$er'a$a'it#r %ares e6treme&y we&&,

Su$er'a$a'it#rs are mu'h m#re e%%e'ti(e at ra$id+

regenerati(e energy st#rage than batteries

*#nd


9/28

*OMPARISON /IT= *ON>ENTIONA?

*APA*ITORS

Di%%er in '#nstru'ti#na& %eatures with res$e't t# '#n(enti#na& 'a$a'it#rs,

=as abi&ity t# st#re tremend#us 'harge,

*a$a'itan'e ranges u$ t# @000,

Su$er'a$a'it#rs are ab&e t# attain greater energy densities whi&e sti&&maintaining the 'hara'teristi' high $#wer density #% '#n(enti#na&

'a$a'it#rs,

*#n(enti#na& 'a$a'it#rs ha(e re&ati(e&y high $#wer densities+ butre&ati(e&y w energy densities when '#m$ared t# batteries, That is+ a

battery 'an st#re m#re t#ta& energy than a 'a$a'it#r+ but it 'ann#t de&i(er

it (ery ui'.&y+ whi'h means its $#wer density is w,


10/28

Study on Ultracapacitor inHES for HEV

ased #n IEEE Resear'h Pa$er

by

/ang Bi+ Sun Cu-.un+ =uang C#ng-h#ngS'h##& #% E&e'tri'a& and In%#rmati#n Engineering+ )iangsu ni(ersity+ heniang


11/28

Need #% Su$er'a$a'it#r3S*4 =E>- =ybrid E&e'tri' >ehi'&e

=ES- =ybrid Energy St#rage System =ybrid e&e'tri' (ehi'&es is 'urrent&y #ne #% the m#st

%a(#rab&e te'hn#gies and is attra'ting m#re and m#re

attenti#n,

The sing&e battery Energy System &eads t# w dri(ingrange as we&& as $##r a''e&erati#n $er%#rman'e,

The '#mm#n s#&uti#n is t# design a &arge battery by

in'reasing the si5e #% battery t# meet the reuirements #%

high $#wer density, This &eads t# intr#du'ti#n #% S* as the au6i&iary energy

st#rage system #% =E>,


12/28

/hy Su$er'a$a'it#rF

* 'an a'hie(e 'harging and dis'harging with high 'urrent

due t# its high $#wer density+ g##d dynami' 'hara'teristi's

and high 'y'&e e%%i'ien'y+ s# it 'an meet the high $#werreuirements #% battery during 'harging and dis'harging

$r#'ess,

?#ng &i%e,


13/28

=ybrid Energy System In =ES+ S* is the au6i&iary energy system+ and the battery

is the main energy system, S# with the S*+ the =ES 'an

ma.e the best #% 'hara'teristi's #% high energy density #%battery and high $#wer density #% S*,

At the same time+ =ES a&s# 'an minimi5e the de%i'ien'ies #%

battery and S*+ and it wi&& und#ubted&y enhan'e the

$er%#rman'e #% the energy st#rage system #% =E>,


14/28

Stru'ture #% =ES

=ES '#ntains battery and *+ and this tw# energy st#ragesystems are '#nne'ted in $ara&&e&,


15/28

S#me bene%its #% using =ES in =ybrid E&e'tri'

>ehi'&e are

/ith higher $#wer density+ su$er'a$a'it#r 'an $r#(ide higher

bursts #% $#wer, Thus+ (ehi'&e8s a''e&erati#n $er%#rman'e

'an be im$r#(ed,

/ith '#mbined battery and su$er'a$a'it#r+ the stress #n

battery 'an be signi%i'ant&y redu'ed when sube't t# the high

'urrent during 'harge #r dis'harge+ thus+ the battery &i%e 'an

be e6tended and the '#st 'an be redu'ed a''#rding&y,

/ith great e%%i'ien'y and high 'harging rate during

regenerati(e bra.ing when using su$er'a$a'it#r+ it 'an &eadt# higher e%%i'ient in #(era&& (ehi'&e dri(ing+ #r nger dri(ing

range,


16/28

The $#wer management %#r =ES

In the hybrid energy st#rage system+ the reuired $#wer is su$$&ied

by the battery and the su$er'a$a'it#r

Pre G Pba H Ps'

/here

Pre is the reuired $#wer #% the (ehi'&e+

Pre is the $#wer $r#(ided by the battery+

Ps' is the $#wer $r#(ided by the su$er'a$a'it#r,

P#wer management means t# s$&it the $#wer demand between

battery and su$er'a$a'it#r t# a'hie(e #$tima& e%%e't,


17/28

Prin'i$&e The $#wer demanded by a (ehi'&e is (ariab&e,

The $ea. $#wer during a''e&erati#n is mu'h &arger than thea(erage $#wer during '#nstant-s$eed 'ruising,

During the '#nstant-s$eed 'ruising+ the battery 'an su$$&y the

$#wer demand+ whi&e the su$er'a$a'it#r #n&y w#r.s during the

a''e&erati#n $r#'ess,

The abi&ity #% ui'. 'harging and dis'harging #% the

su$er'a$a'it#r ma.es it m#re suitab&e %#r su$$&ying the high

%reuen'y $art #% the $#wer demand,

Due t# the high 'harging e%%i'ien'y #% su$er'a$a'it#r+ itabs#rbs the energy generated during regenerati(e bra.ing

%irst,


18/28

Recharging mobiles with newly-

developed supercapacitor

Resear'h by

Vanderbilt University (U.S.)


19/28

/hy Su$er'a$a'it#r in M#bi&e

*hargingF

Instead #% st#ring energy in 'hemi'a& rea'ti#ns the way

batteries d#+ su$er'a$a'it#r st#re e&e'tri'ity by

assemb&ing i#ns #n the sur%a'e #% a $#r#us materia&,

As a resu&t+ they tend t# 'harge and dis'harge in

minutes+ instead #% h#urs+ and #$erate %#r a %ew mi&&i#n

'y'&es+ instead #% a %ew th#usand 'y'&es &i.e batteries,

S'ientists ha(e designed a n#(e& su$er'a$a'it#r that

'#u&d he&$ de(e$ 'e&& $h#nes that re'harge themse&(es

in se'#nds,


20/28

Resear'h O(er(iew

sing $#r#us si&i'#n+ a materia& with a '#ntr#&&ab&e and

we&&-de%ined nan#stru'ture is made , Si&i'#n is genera&&y '#nsidered unsuitab&e %#r use in su$er-

'a$a'it#rs be'ause it rea'ts readi&y with s#me #%

'hemi'a&s in the e&e'tr#&ytes that $r#(ide the i#ns that

st#re the e&e'tri'a& 'harge,

S'ientists '#ated the $#r#us si&i'#n sur%a'e with 'arb#n,

P#r#us si&i'#n $assed thr#ugh %urna'e+ '#ated si&i'#n hadturned %r#m #range t# $ur$&e #r b&a'.,

* d


21/28

*#nd


22/28

upercapacitor Assisted

Regenerative Braking in Ra ilway

ystems

ased #n IEEE Resear'h Pa$er by

A&bert i&&er+ Andreas Armst#r%er 3em$ten ni(ersity #% A$$&ied S'ien'es+ ermany4


23/28

The basi' idea is t# ta.e ad(antage #% the .ineti' energy

whi'h is a(ai&ab&e when the train is bra.ing,

Su$er'a$a'it#r is used t# st#re regenerated energyduring bra.ing whi'h e&se w#u&d ha(e been st in %#rm

#% heat 3#r %ri'ti#n4,

Obe'ti(e


24/28

/#r.ing Prin'i$&e Braking & ChargingJ Train is bra.ing+u&tra'a$a'it#r is

'harging with a(ai&ab&e energy,


25/28

Reusing Energy: The st#red energy is used %#rthe ne6t a''e&erati#n $r#'ess,


26/28

Challenges

A su$er'a$a'it#r might be a huge &ea$ #(er a '#mm#n

batteries in s#me %eatures but when it '#mes t# $ri'e+ it

sti&& way behind batteries,

One #% the ma#r $r#b&em with su$er'a$a'it#rs '#u&d be

its abi&ity t# hand&e (#&tage, The e&e'tr#&yte inside the

su$er'a$ w#u&d brea. d#wn at a higher (#&tage


27/28

uture S'#$e

Su$er'a$a'it#rs ha(e a %uture #n the e&e'tri' grid, T#

&ea(e a bu%%er %#r $#wer surges+ m#st transmissi#n &ines

t#day #$erate ar#und K0L #% their 'a$a'ity, /ith the

he&$ #% su$er'a$a'it#rs t# abs#rb $#wer surges+ these

transmissi#n &ines '#u&d run 'ser t# its %u&& 'a$a'ity,

Su$er'a$a'it#r might %ind its a$$&i'ati#n where battery

needs,


28/28

Conclusion

A%ter brie% study #n Su$er'a$a'it#r +we 'an '#n'&ude that

Su$er'a$a'it#rs ha(e great $#tentia& %#r a$$&i'ati#ns that

reuire a '#mbinati#n #% high $#wer+ sh#rt 'harging time+

high 'y'&ing stabi&ity+ and ng she&% &i%e, Su$er'a$a'it#rs

may emerge as the s#&uti#n %#r many a$$&i'ati#n-s$e'i%i'$#wer systems,

/ith de(e$ing te'hn#gy+we 'an h#$e that it has

$#tentia& t# ta'.&e s#me #% its drawba'. &i.e high '#st and

'an re$&a'e batteries in %uture,

supercapacitor seminar

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