supercapacitor
TRANSCRIPT
Government of IndiaDepartment of Scientific and Industrial Research
TECHNOPRENEUR PROMOTION PROGRMME (TePP)
BATTERYBATTERYBATTERYBATTERY
Electrode materials Electrode materials react electrochemically react electrochemically with the ions required in with the ions required in the reaction to be the reaction to be transferred through transferred through electrolyte in which the electrolyte in which the electrodes are immersedelectrodes are immersed
Energy storage capacity Energy storage capacity is given by Ah or Whis given by Ah or Wh
SHORTCOMINGS SHORTCOMINGS OF BATTERIESOF BATTERIES
SHORTCOMINGS SHORTCOMINGS OF BATTERIESOF BATTERIES
CostCost MaintenanceMaintenance Shelf and working l i fe Shelf and working l i fe Weight and sizeWeight and size Large number of Large number of battery conditioningbattery conditioning parametersparameters
PEAK POWER PEAK POWER REQUIREMENT WHERE REQUIREMENT WHERE
BATTERY AND CAPACITOR BATTERY AND CAPACITOR HAS PROBLEMSHAS PROBLEMS
PEAK POWER PEAK POWER REQUIREMENT WHERE REQUIREMENT WHERE
BATTERY AND CAPACITOR BATTERY AND CAPACITOR HAS PROBLEMSHAS PROBLEMS
Starting of any DC MotorStarting of any DC Motor Generator-Motor sets Generator-Motor sets CamerasCameras Audio Video devices Audio Video devices
SUPERCAPACITOR CAN BE USED TO SUPERCAPACITOR CAN BE USED TO FULFILLFULFILL
PEAK POWER REQUIREMENTSPEAK POWER REQUIREMENTS
Starting of any DC MotorStarting of any DC Motor Generator-Motor sets Generator-Motor sets CamerasCameras Audio Video devices Audio Video devices
SUPERCAPACITOR CAN BE USED TO SUPERCAPACITOR CAN BE USED TO FULFILLFULFILL
PEAK POWER REQUIREMENTSPEAK POWER REQUIREMENTS
EDLC Stores Energy in the Form of Electrostatic Charges by EDLC Stores Energy in the Form of Electrostatic Charges by Polarizing an Electrolyte Solution. There Is No Chemical Polarizing an Electrolyte Solution. There Is No Chemical Reaction Involved in Its Mechanism Which Is ReversibleReaction Involved in Its Mechanism Which Is Reversible
STORES GREATER AMOUNT OF ENERGYSTORES GREATER AMOUNT OF ENERGYSTORES GREATER AMOUNT OF ENERGYSTORES GREATER AMOUNT OF ENERGY
EXTREMELY EFFICIENTEXTREMELY EFFICIENT
MAIN MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF
EDLCEDLC
MAIN MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF
EDLCEDLC
COMPARATIVE STUDYCOMPARATIVE STUDY
EDLCEDLC Operates within its any Operates within its any
voltage rangevoltage range Can be stored in charged/ Can be stored in charged/
discharged state discharged state It can completely It can completely
dischargedischarge
Stores less energyStores less energy It can deliver frequent It can deliver frequent
power pulsespower pulses It can charge very fastIt can charge very fast
It can recycle thousand It can recycle thousand timestimes
EDLCEDLC Operates within its any Operates within its any
voltage rangevoltage range Can be stored in charged/ Can be stored in charged/
discharged state discharged state It can completely It can completely
dischargedischarge
Stores less energyStores less energy It can deliver frequent It can deliver frequent
power pulsespower pulses It can charge very fastIt can charge very fast
It can recycle thousand It can recycle thousand timestimes
BatteryBattery Operates with narrow range Operates with narrow range
of voltageof voltage Storage is problem in any Storage is problem in any
statestate Over discharging can damage Over discharging can damage
itit Stores more energyStores more energy Life gets affected due to high Life gets affected due to high
power pulsespower pulses Fast charging can damage it Fast charging can damage it It can recycle few hundred It can recycle few hundred
timestimes
BatteryBattery Operates with narrow range Operates with narrow range
of voltageof voltage Storage is problem in any Storage is problem in any
statestate Over discharging can damage Over discharging can damage
itit Stores more energyStores more energy Life gets affected due to high Life gets affected due to high
power pulsespower pulses Fast charging can damage it Fast charging can damage it It can recycle few hundred It can recycle few hundred
timestimes
Two Electrodes of porous carbon material in the electrolyte with Two Electrodes of porous carbon material in the electrolyte with separator.separator.
Porous carbon gives very high surface area of the order of 1500Sq. m per Porous carbon gives very high surface area of the order of 1500Sq. m per gram.gram.
High surface area gives very high capacitance.High surface area gives very high capacitance.
Two Electrodes of porous carbon material in the electrolyte with Two Electrodes of porous carbon material in the electrolyte with separator.separator.
Porous carbon gives very high surface area of the order of 1500Sq. m per Porous carbon gives very high surface area of the order of 1500Sq. m per gram.gram.
High surface area gives very high capacitance.High surface area gives very high capacitance.
EDLC CONSTRUCTIONEDLC CONSTRUCTION The functional components of a supercapacitor The functional components of a supercapacitor
Electrodes, Electrolyte and SeparatorElectrodes, Electrolyte and Separator Surface properties - Surface properties - Significant impact on specific Significant impact on specific
capacitancecapacitance Aqueous electrolytes- Aqueous electrolytes- Better conductivity than Better conductivity than
organic electrolytesorganic electrolytes LOW BREAKDOWN VOLTAGELOW BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE The properties of the separator.The properties of the separator.
PARAMETERS FOR PARAMETERS FOR DECIDING RATING OF DECIDING RATING OF
EDLCEDLC Maximum operating voltage(1 to Maximum operating voltage(1 to
5.0V)5.0V) Power/ Current (series parallel Power/ Current (series parallel
connections)connections) Minimum operating voltageMinimum operating voltage Duration of dischargeDuration of discharge Repetition rateRepetition rate
(life and thermal issues)(life and thermal issues)
Maximum operating voltage(1 to Maximum operating voltage(1 to 5.0V)5.0V)
Power/ Current (series parallel Power/ Current (series parallel connections)connections)
Minimum operating voltageMinimum operating voltage Duration of dischargeDuration of discharge Repetition rateRepetition rate
(life and thermal issues)(life and thermal issues)
EFFECTIVE EFFECTIVE CAPACITANCECAPACITANCE
Pseudocapacitance- Arises from Pseudocapacitance- Arises from reversible Faradic reactionreversible Faradic reaction
Charge transfer reaction - voltage Charge transfer reaction - voltage dependentdependent
High value of specific capacitance - High value of specific capacitance - Result of Double Layer Capacitance Result of Double Layer Capacitance
Presence of high surface area material Presence of high surface area material due to charge separation taking place due to charge separation taking place at atomic levelat atomic level
A battery subjected to a pulsed current without Supercapacitor
A battery subjected to a pulsed current with a supercapacitor
PROBLEMS IN PROBLEMS IN MANUFACTURINGMANUFACTURING
Packaging Inter-electrode connection Ventilation Leakage of electrolyte Formation of multi-electrode multi cell unit Keeping minimum contact resistance to meet
power density
Packaging Inter-electrode connection Ventilation Leakage of electrolyte Formation of multi-electrode multi cell unit Keeping minimum contact resistance to meet
power density
AREAS OF AREAS OF APPLICATIONS OF APPLICATIONS OF
EDLCEDLC Quick charge application- charging in sec Quick charge application- charging in sec
and discharging in minutes( power tools and discharging in minutes( power tools and toys )and toys )
Electrical Vehicles (starting).Electrical Vehicles (starting). Short term support for uninterrupted Short term support for uninterrupted
power system with generator backuppower system with generator backup Solar array (Energy rich , power poor Solar array (Energy rich , power poor
source )source ) Supporting power buses while switching Supporting power buses while switching Computer memory backups- low current Computer memory backups- low current
long duration requirements long duration requirements