BATTERYBATTERYBATTERYBATTERY

Electrode materials Electrode materials react electrochemically react electrochemically with the ions required in with the ions required in the reaction to be the reaction to be transferred through transferred through electrolyte in which the electrolyte in which the electrodes are immersedelectrodes are immersed

Energy storage capacity Energy storage capacity is given by Ah or Whis given by Ah or Wh

SHORTCOMINGS SHORTCOMINGS OF BATTERIESOF BATTERIES

SHORTCOMINGS SHORTCOMINGS OF BATTERIESOF BATTERIES

CostCost MaintenanceMaintenance Shelf and working l i fe Shelf and working l i fe Weight and sizeWeight and size Large number of Large number of battery conditioningbattery conditioning parametersparameters

PEAK POWER PEAK POWER REQUIREMENT WHERE REQUIREMENT WHERE

BATTERY AND CAPACITOR BATTERY AND CAPACITOR HAS PROBLEMSHAS PROBLEMS

PEAK POWER PEAK POWER REQUIREMENT WHERE REQUIREMENT WHERE

BATTERY AND CAPACITOR BATTERY AND CAPACITOR HAS PROBLEMSHAS PROBLEMS

Starting of any DC MotorStarting of any DC Motor Generator-Motor sets Generator-Motor sets CamerasCameras Audio Video devices Audio Video devices

SUPERCAPACITOR CAN BE USED TO SUPERCAPACITOR CAN BE USED TO FULFILLFULFILL

PEAK POWER REQUIREMENTSPEAK POWER REQUIREMENTS

Starting of any DC MotorStarting of any DC Motor Generator-Motor sets Generator-Motor sets CamerasCameras Audio Video devices Audio Video devices

SUPERCAPACITOR CAN BE USED TO SUPERCAPACITOR CAN BE USED TO FULFILLFULFILL

PEAK POWER REQUIREMENTSPEAK POWER REQUIREMENTS

EDLC Stores Energy in the Form of Electrostatic Charges by EDLC Stores Energy in the Form of Electrostatic Charges by Polarizing an Electrolyte Solution. There Is No Chemical Polarizing an Electrolyte Solution. There Is No Chemical Reaction Involved in Its Mechanism Which Is ReversibleReaction Involved in Its Mechanism Which Is Reversible

STORES GREATER AMOUNT OF ENERGYSTORES GREATER AMOUNT OF ENERGYSTORES GREATER AMOUNT OF ENERGYSTORES GREATER AMOUNT OF ENERGY

EXTREMELY EFFICIENTEXTREMELY EFFICIENT

MAIN MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF

EDLCEDLC

MAIN MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF

EDLCEDLC

COMPARATIVE STUDYCOMPARATIVE STUDY

EDLCEDLC Operates within its any Operates within its any

voltage rangevoltage range Can be stored in charged/ Can be stored in charged/

discharged state discharged state It can completely It can completely

dischargedischarge

Stores less energyStores less energy It can deliver frequent It can deliver frequent

power pulsespower pulses It can charge very fastIt can charge very fast

It can recycle thousand It can recycle thousand timestimes

EDLCEDLC Operates within its any Operates within its any

voltage rangevoltage range Can be stored in charged/ Can be stored in charged/

discharged state discharged state It can completely It can completely

dischargedischarge

Stores less energyStores less energy It can deliver frequent It can deliver frequent

power pulsespower pulses It can charge very fastIt can charge very fast

It can recycle thousand It can recycle thousand timestimes

BatteryBattery Operates with narrow range of Operates with narrow range of

voltagevoltage Storage is problem in any Storage is problem in any

statestate Over discharging can damage Over discharging can damage

itit Stores more energyStores more energy Life gets affected due to high Life gets affected due to high

power pulsespower pulses Fast charging can damage it Fast charging can damage it It can recycle few hundred It can recycle few hundred

timestimes

BatteryBattery Operates with narrow range of Operates with narrow range of

voltagevoltage Storage is problem in any Storage is problem in any

statestate Over discharging can damage Over discharging can damage

itit Stores more energyStores more energy Life gets affected due to high Life gets affected due to high

power pulsespower pulses Fast charging can damage it Fast charging can damage it It can recycle few hundred It can recycle few hundred

timestimes

TYPES OF TYPES OF CAPACITORSCAPACITORS

TYPES OF TYPES OF CAPACITORSCAPACITORS

Two Electrodes of porous carbon material in the electrolyte with Two Electrodes of porous carbon material in the electrolyte with separator.separator.

Porous carbon gives very high surface area of the order of 1500Sq. m per Porous carbon gives very high surface area of the order of 1500Sq. m per gram.gram.

High surface area gives very high capacitance.High surface area gives very high capacitance.

Two Electrodes of porous carbon material in the electrolyte with Two Electrodes of porous carbon material in the electrolyte with separator.separator.

Porous carbon gives very high surface area of the order of 1500Sq. m per Porous carbon gives very high surface area of the order of 1500Sq. m per gram.gram.

High surface area gives very high capacitance.High surface area gives very high capacitance.

EDLC CONSTRUCTIONEDLC CONSTRUCTION The functional components of a supercapacitor The functional components of a supercapacitor

Electrodes, Electrolyte and SeparatorElectrodes, Electrolyte and Separator Surface properties - Surface properties - Significant impact on specific Significant impact on specific

capacitancecapacitance Aqueous electrolytes- Aqueous electrolytes- Better conductivity than Better conductivity than

organic electrolytesorganic electrolytes LOW BREAKDOWN VOLTAGELOW BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE The properties of the separator.The properties of the separator.

PARAMETERS FOR PARAMETERS FOR DECIDING RATING OF DECIDING RATING OF

EDLCEDLC Maximum operating voltage(1 to Maximum operating voltage(1 to

5.0V)5.0V) Power/ Current (series parallel Power/ Current (series parallel

connections)connections) Minimum operating voltageMinimum operating voltage Duration of dischargeDuration of discharge Repetition rateRepetition rate

(life and thermal issues)(life and thermal issues)

Maximum operating voltage(1 to Maximum operating voltage(1 to 5.0V)5.0V)

Power/ Current (series parallel Power/ Current (series parallel connections)connections)

Minimum operating voltageMinimum operating voltage Duration of dischargeDuration of discharge Repetition rateRepetition rate

(life and thermal issues)(life and thermal issues)

EFFECTIVE EFFECTIVE CAPACITANCECAPACITANCE

Pseudocapacitance- Arises from Pseudocapacitance- Arises from reversible Faradic reactionreversible Faradic reaction

Charge transfer reaction - voltage Charge transfer reaction - voltage dependentdependent

High value of specific capacitance - High value of specific capacitance - Result of Double Layer Capacitance Result of Double Layer Capacitance

Presence of high surface area material Presence of high surface area material due to charge separation taking place due to charge separation taking place at atomic levelat atomic level

A battery subjected to a pulsed current without Supercapacitor

A battery subjected to a pulsed current with a supercapacitor

PROBLEMS IN PROBLEMS IN MANUFACTURINGMANUFACTURING

Packaging Inter-electrode connection Ventilation Leakage of electrolyte Formation of multi-electrode multi cell unit Keeping minimum contact resistance to meet

power density

Packaging Inter-electrode connection Ventilation Leakage of electrolyte Formation of multi-electrode multi cell unit Keeping minimum contact resistance to meet

power density

AREAS OF AREAS OF APPLICATIONS OF APPLICATIONS OF

EDLCEDLC Quick charge application- charging in sec and Quick charge application- charging in sec and

discharging in minutes( power tools and toys )discharging in minutes( power tools and toys ) Electrical Vehicles (starting).Electrical Vehicles (starting). Short term support for uninterrupted power Short term support for uninterrupted power

system with generator backupsystem with generator backup Solar array (Energy rich , power poor source )Solar array (Energy rich , power poor source ) Supporting power buses while switching Supporting power buses while switching Computer memory backups- low current long Computer memory backups- low current long

duration requirementsduration requirements

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