super glosary of engineering

8/14/2019 Super Glosary of Engineering

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Dictionary of engineering

Arithmetical:The arithmetic is the most ancient (former) and

elementary branch of the mathematics, used in almost the

whole world, in daily tasks as(like) counting and in the most

advanced scientific calculations.

Algebra: The algebra is the branch of the mathematics thatstudies the structures, the relations and the quantities.
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Administration: It is the planeacin, organization, direction

(address) and control of the resources to achieve a short-term

aim (lens).

Analysis: It is the branch of the mathematics that takes

charge designing alges la rama de las matemticas

Angle:It is named an angle to the geometric figure shaped by

two lines that depart from a common point. It is the part of the
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plane understood (included)

between (among) two half-lines

that have the same origin.

Benefit: it means profit and advantage

Balance: Scale, balance
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Calculation:In general the term (end) calculation refers,

indistinctly, to the action (share) or the result corresponding to

the action (share) to calculate.

Calculator:A calculator is a device that is in use for realizing

arithmetical calculations.

Career:Set of academic courses (years) that one must

complete to be able to obtain a profession.

Cipher:Sign or character that it represents to a number.
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Circle:It is the geometric place of the points of the plane

which distance to another fixed point, called center, is minor or

like the length of the radius.

Circuit:It is a series of electric or electronic parts

interconnected across drivers in one or more closed curls.

Descriptive:It is a set of technologies(skills) of geometric

character that allows to represent the three-dimensional space

on a two-dimensional surface
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Derivatives:of a function in a point represents the value of the

slope of the tangent straight line in the above mentioned point.

Development: Action(Share) and effect of developing or to

develop. Progressive evolution of an economy towards better

standards of living.
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Design:It is defined as the previous process of mental

configuration "pre-imagination" in the search of a solution in

any field.

Digitalidad:Process of digitalization

Division:The division is an arithmetical operation of

decomposition that consists of verifying how many times a

number (the divisor) is contained in another number (the

dividend).
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Ethics:It takes the morality as an object of study and the

action(share) humanizes

Energy:This one related to the idea of an aptitude to act, to

transform or put in movement

Electronic:It is the branch of the physics, and fundamentally

a specialization of the engineering, which studies and uses

systems which functioning is based on the conduction(driving)

and the control of themicroscopic flow of the electrons orother particles loaded electrically.

Equation:It is an equality between(among) two algebraic

expressions, which members of the equation name.
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Electricity:It is a physical phenomenon which origin they are

the electrical loads(charges) and which energy demonstrates

in mechanical, thermal, luminous and chemical phenomena,

between(among) others

Engineering:It is the profession that applies knowledge andexperiences in order that by means of designs, models and

technologies (skills) solve problems that affect the humanity.

Engineer:The persons who devote themselves to the

Engineering receive the engineers' name. The term(end)

engineer derives from the Italian builders of " Ingenuities
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Forces: The force can be defined as a vectorial magnitude

capable of deforming the bodies (static effect), modifying

his(her,your) speed or conquering his(her,your) inertia and toput them in movement if they were immobile.

Functions:It is the term(end) used to indicate the relation or

correspondence between(among) two or more quantities.

Geophysical:It is the science that one entrusts of the studyof the Earth from the point of view of the Physics.

Geometry:is a branch of the mathematics that deals with

the properties of the space, since they are: points, straight

lines, planes, polygons(zones), polyhedrons, curves, surfaces,

etc.

Geology:It is the science that studies the interior form of the

globe, the matter that composes it, his(her,your) mechanism of

formation(training)
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Geodesta:Dedicated professionally to this science

Humanity:The human behavior.

Hydroelectric:Of the energy obtained bypower or

hydraulic relative to it

Hydraulic:. It is a branch of the physics and the

engineering that one entrusts of the study of the

mechanical properties of the fluids
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Invention:Technology (Skill) or I try which (who)

possesses new characteristics.

Industry: It is the set of processes and activities that

have as purpose transform the raw materials(commodities) into elaborated products, of massive form.

Investigation: It is the search of knowledge or of

solutions to problems of scientific character and culture

Integrals:It is a sum of infinite addends, infinitely small.

Knowledge: The contents known or acquaintances that form

a part of the cultural patrimony of the Humanity
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Mathematical:To the study of the

properties and the relations of abstract entities (numbers,geometric figures) from exact radix numerations and across

the logical reasoning.

Mechanics:It is the branch of the physics that describes the

movement of the bodies, and his(her,your) evolution in the

time, under the action(share) of forces

Model Mathematician:It is one of the types of scientific

models, that ituses some type of mathematical formulism to

express relations, substantive (substantival) propositions of

facts, changeable, etc.
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Multiplication:It is an arithmetical operation of composition

that consists of adding repeatedly the first quantity so often

like the second one indicates

Matter:It is the term(end) to refer to the constituent ones of

the material objective reality,

Mathematician :One presents whose(which) primary area of

study and investigation(research) is the mathematics

Machinery:To the set of machines that are applied for the

same end(purpose) and to the mechanism that gives

movement to a device.
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Ladyship:It is the set of excellent practices in the

management of an organization and the achievement of

results based on fundamental concepts.

Logarithm:It is a mathematical inverse function of the

exponential function.

Logic: It is a formal science and a branch of the

philosophy that studies the beginning of the

demonstration (proof) and valid inference.

Net: The word Net is usually capitalized when used as a

noun in referring to the Internet, as opposed simply to

computer networks of any type. Thus we might speak of

one of the most frequently visited sites on the Net but tools

for net navigation, since the latter might include tools thatare designed for use on networks other than the Internet.

New: Having existed, or having been made, but a short

time; having originated or occured lately; having recently

come into existence, or into one's possession; not early or

long in being; of late origin; recent; fresh; modern; --
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opposed to old, as, a new coat; a new house; a new book;

a new fashion.

Nitrogen: is a gas that forms approximately 79% by

volume or 77% by weight of the atmosphere. It can

combine with many metals to form nitrides and is thus

applied to the case-hardening of steel, the usual source

for this purpose being ammonia.

Nuclear: The pronunciation (n ky -l r), which is generally

considered incorrect, is an example of how a familiar

phonological pattern can influence an unfamiliar one. The

usual pronunciation of the final two syllables of this word is

(-kl - r), but this sequence of sounds is rare in English.

Much more common is the similar sequence (-ky -l r),

which occurs in words like particular, circular, spectacular,
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and in many scientific words like molecular, ocular, and

vascular.

Nuclear reactor: Any of several devices in which a chain

reaction is initiated and controlled, with the resulting heat

typically used for power generation and the neutrons and

fission products used for military, experimental, and medical

purposes. Also called atomic reactor.

Nucleus: Chemistry A group of atoms bound in a structure,

such as a benzene ring, that is resistant to alteration in

chemical reactions.
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Observation: a. The act of noting and recording something,

such as a phenomenon, with instruments.

b. The result or record of such notation: a meteorologicalobservation.

Oil: 1. Any of numerous mineral, vegetable, and synthetic

substances and animal and vegetable fats that are

generally slippery, combustible, viscous, liquid or liquefiable

at room temperatures, soluble in various organic solvents

such as ether but not in water, and used in a great variety of

products, especially lubricants and fuels.
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2.a. Petroleum.b. A petroleum derivative, such as a machine oil orlubricant.

Orbit: The path of a body in a field of force surrounding

another body; for example, the movement of an atomic

electron in relation to a nucleus.

Outlet : A receptacle, especially one mounted in a wall,

that is connected to a power supply and equipped with a

socket for a plug.
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Oxygen: Oxygen is one of the chief constituents of the

atmosphere of which it forms approximately one fifth. It is

odourless and invisible. Although oxygen itself does not

burn it is extremely efficient in supporting combustion,

nearly all other chemical elements combine with it under

evolution of heat. It has many uses in industry and is

essential to the BOS (Basic Oxygen SteelmakingProcess).

Paralell: extending in the same direction and at the

same distance apart at every point, so as never to

meet, as lines, planes, etc.
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Pc: A microcomputer with its own processor and hard

drive. Although technically this refers to all such

computers, including Macs, the term PC is nearly

synonymous with only the IBM-compatible

microcomputers.

Percentage: In mathematics, a percentage is a way of

expressing a number as a fraction of 100 (per cent meaning"per hundred"). It is often denoted using the percent sign,"%". For example, 45% (read as "forty-five percent") isequal to 45 / 100, or 0.45.
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Phase: (matter), a physically distinctive form of asubstance, such as the solid, liquid, and gaseous statesof ordinary matter

Phenomenon: is any observable occurrence.[1] In popular

usage, a phenomenon often refers to an extraordinary

event. In physics, a phenomenon may be a feature of

matter, energy, orspacetime. For example, Isaac Newton

made observations of the phenomenon of the moon'sorbit.
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Physics: a natural science, is the study ofmatter[1] and itsmotion through spacetime and all that derives from these,such as energy and force.[2] More broadly, it is the generalanalysis of nature, conducted in order to understand howthe world and universe behave.[3][4]

Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines, perhapsthe oldest through its inclusion ofastronomy.[5] Over the lasttwo millennia, physics had been considered synonymouswith philosophy, chemistry, and certain branches ofmathematics and biology, but during the Scientific

Revolution in the 16th century, it emerged to become aunique modern science in its own right.[6] However, in somesubject areas such as in mathematical physics andquantum chemistry, the boundaries of physics remaindifficult to distinguish.

Physics is both significant and influential, in part becauseadvances in its understanding have often translated into

new technologies, but also because new ideas in physicsoften resonate with the other sciences, mathematics andphilosophy. For example, advances in the understanding ofelectromagnetism led directly to the development of newproducts which have dramatically transformed modern-daysociety (e.g., television, computers, and domesticappliances); advances in thermodynamics led to thedevelopment of motorized transport; and advances in

mechanics inspired the development ofcalculus.
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PodcastAccording to the New Oxford American Dictionary, apodcast is "a digital recording of a radio broadcast orsimilar program, made available on the Internet fordownloading to a personal audio player," but thegenerally accepted definition has expanded to include

video as well as audio. Originally derived from acombination of "broadcasting" and "iPod ," the wordwas declared "word of the year" when it was added tothe dictionary at the end of 2005.

PortA logical channel in a communications system. Eachserver program, for example, has a unique portnumber associated with it, defined in the NetworkInformation Service "services" database. HTTP
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defaults to port 80. HTTPS defaults to port 443. FTPdefaults to port 21.

POS terminal

An electronic device used at the point of sale (POS) toprocess transactions and communicate transactioninformation to a remote computer either directly orthrough a network.

Power: In physics, power (symbol: P) is the rate at whichwork is performed orenergy is transmitted, or the amount ofenergy required or expended for a given unit of time. As arate of change of work done or the energy of a subsystem,power is:
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Process: (engineering), a set of transformations of input

elements into products with specific properties,

characterized by transformation parameters

Quantity: A physical quantity is a physical property that canbe quantified. This means it can be measured and/orcalculated and expressed in numbers. For example,"weight" is a physical quantity that can be expressed bystating a number of some basic measurement unit such aspounds or kilograms, while "beauty" is a property that isdifficult to describe with a number.
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RAM (Random Access Memory)Both programs and data are called up from permanent

storage and operate in RAM. In theory, the more RAMyou have, the more able you are to handle largeamounts of data and big programs. In practice, a lot ofdata in RAM is passed off into slower virtual memoryto free up working space.

Radiation: In physics, radiation describes any process inwhich energy emitted by one body travels through amedium or through space, ultimately to be absorbed byanother body. Non-physicists often associate the word withionizing radiation (e.g., as occurring in nuclear weapons,nuclear reactors, and radioactive substances), but it canalso refer to electromagnetic radiation (i.e., radio waves,

infrared light, visible light, ultraviolet light, and X-rays) which
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can also be ionizing radiation, to acoustic radiation, or toother more obscure processes. What makes it radiation isthat the energy radiates (i.e., it travels outward in straightlines in all directions) from the source. This geometry

naturally leads to a system ofmeasurements and physicalunits that are equally applicable to all types of radiation.

Radioactive: is the process in which an unstable atomic

nucleus loses energy by emitting ionizing particles and

radiation. This decay, or loss of energy, results in an atom

of one type, called the parent nuclide transforming to anatom of a different type, called the daughter nuclide.

Reaction: In classical mechanics, Newton's third law statesthat forces occur in pairs, one called the Action and theother the Reaction (actio et reactio in Latin). Both forces areequal in magnitude and opposite in direction. The distinctionbetween action and reaction is purely arbitrary: any one ofthe two forces can be considered an action, in which case

the other (corresponding) force automatically becomes itsassociated reaction.
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Relative URL

URL whose location is specified relative to the addressof the base document in which the URL resides. Itprovides a shorthand way to refer to files or resourcesthat use the same protocol, domain name, or directorypath as the current document. Contrast with absoluteURL.

Resolution

A measure of graphics that's used to describe what aprinter can print, a scanner can scan, and a monitorcan display.
http://images.google.co.ve/imgres?imgurl=http://www.microsoft.com/library/media/1033/windowsxp/images/using/setup/personalize/67366-two-resolutions-compared.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/using/setup/personalize/resolution.mspx&usg=__ab2L98QHTMZoYNV_eJEHvUv4dN0=&h=353&w=530&sz=40&hl=en&start=4&um=1&tbnid=Iz5jsK7uHYXy5M:&tbnh=88&tbnw=132&prev=/images%3Fq%3DResolution%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.ve/imgres?imgurl=http://www.marketposition.com/blog/archives/chewbacca_defense_relative_url_example.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.marketposition.com/blog/archives/2008/06/absolute_vs_rel.html&usg=__IJpgTvmOx5CEAk_VcHgSi5z2mOA=&h=329&w=300&sz=24&hl=en&start=11&um=1&tbnid=IhqAWkR9lX5yQM:&tbnh=119&tbnw=109&prev=/images%3Fq%3DRelative%2BURL%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.ve/imgres?imgurl=http://evitherm.athena.as/Files/982/TherAna_Depository_MeasurementMethods_DiffReactionCalorimeter.jpg&imgrefurl=http://evitherm.athena.as/default.asp%3Flan%3D1%26ID%3D982%26Menu1%3D982&usg=__LpxFCC3ZHXDJzmutjzjblKdclVw=&h=329&w=400&sz=39&hl=en&start=18&um=1&tbnid=VgXfKNOmdgItiM:&tbnh=102&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3DReaction%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1


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ROM (Read-only memory)ROM is a storage chip that typically containshardwired instructions for use when a computer starts(boots up).

Satellite: is an object which has been placed into orbit by

human endeavor. Such objects are sometimes called

artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites

such as the Moon.

Saturate: In physical chemistry, saturation is the point atwhich a solution of a substance can dissolve no more ofthat substance and additional amounts of it will appear asa precipitate. This point of maximum concentration, thesaturation point, depends on the temperature of the liquidas well as the chemical nature of the substances involved.This can be used in the process of recrystallisation to

purify a chemical: it is dissolved to the point of saturationin hot solvent, then as the solvent cools and the solubility
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decreases, excess solute precipitates. Impurities, beingpresent in much lower concentration, do not saturate thesolvent and so remain dissolved in the liquid. If a changein conditions (e.g. cooling) means that the concentration is

actually higher than the saturation point, the solution hasbecome supersaturated.

Science: In its broadest sense, science (from the Latin

scientia, meaning "knowledge") refers to any systematic

knowledge-base or prescriptive practice which is capable

of resulting in a prediction or predictable type of outcome.In this sense, science often coincides with a technical art

or practice (praxis) that, because of uncontrollability or

undefinability, have not been reduced to a reproducible

recipe.

Scientist: in the broadest sense, refers to any person that

engages in a systematic activity to acquire knowledge or

an individual that engages in such practices and traditions

that are linked to schools of thought or philosophy. In a

more restricted sense, scientist refers to individuals who

use the scientific method.
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Solar system: consists of the Sun and those celestial

objects bound to it by gravity, all of which formed from thecollapse of a giant molecular cloud approximately 4.6 billionyears ago. The Sun's retinue of objects circle it in a nearlyflat disc called the ecliptic plane, most of the mass of whichis contained within eight relatively solitary planets whoseorbits are almost circular. The four smaller inner planets;Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, also called the terrestrialplanets, are primarily composed of rock and metal. The four

outer planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, alsocalled the gas giants, are composed largely of hydrogenand helium and are far more massive than the terrestrials.

The Solar System is also home to two main belts of smallbodies. The asteroid belt, which lies between Mars andJupiter, is similar to the terrestrial planets as it is composedmainly of rock and metal. The Kuiper belt (and its

subpopulation, the scattered disc), which lies beyondNeptune's orbit, is composed mostly of ices such as water,ammonia and methane. Within these belts, five individualobjects, Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake and Eris, arerecognised to be large enough to have been rounded bytheir own gravity, and are thus termed dwarf planets. Thehypothetical Oort cloud, which acts as the source for long-period comets, may also exist at a distance roughly a

thousand times beyond these regions.
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System: is a set of interacting or interdependent entities,real or abstract, forming an integrated whole.

The concept of an'integrated whole'can also be stated interms of a system embodying a set of relationships whichare differentiated from relationships of the set to otherelements, and from relationships between an element of theset and elements not a part of the relational regime.

Telescope: is an instrument designed for the observation

of remote objects by the collection of electromagnetic

radiation. The first known practically functioning

telescopes were invented in the Netherlands at the

beginning of the 17th century. "Telescopes" can refer to a
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whole range of instruments operating in most regions of

the electromagnetic spectrum.

T-1One of the fastest leased-line connections used for theInternet. It is capable of transmitting data at roughly1.5 million bits per second, still not fast enough for full-screen, full-motion video.top of page

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)A communications protocol used for situations thatrequire a continuing connection between two programsacross a network, which is more than the underlyingInternet Protocol (IP) is designed to provide. Often

called TCP/IP in reference to the IP that underlies TCP.
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TelephonyAn adjective that covers a multitude of communications issues, telephony has recentlypermeated the world of small computing, as add-inboards that combine the functions of modems, soundboards, speakerphones, and voice mail systems havebegun to proliferate.

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TelnetA protocol that enables a user on one machine to logonto another networked machine.top of page
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TemplateForm used to provide consistent look and feel toinformation presented on a Web site.

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TerminalIn the payment card industry, a device capable ofcommunicating with a credit card processor to transmita card's number and expiration date, along with

information about the transaction for which the card isbeing used.
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Terminal ID

In the payment card industry, a number provided to amerchant by a credit card processor when thatmerchant retains the services of that credit cardprocessor to uniquely identify a terminal. Alsosometimes called the terminal number. A credit cardprocessor may assign several terminal IDs to a givenmerchant's terminals although that merchant has asingle merchant ID with that processor.

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URL (Uniform Resource Locator)A unique address consisting of a string of characters thatprecisely identifies an Internet resource's type andlocation. URLs typically have four parts: the first identifies

the protocol; the second identifies the domain name; thethird identifies the directory path, and the fourth identifiesthe document file name. Sometimes, the URL includes afifth part known as the anchor name or bookmark, whichpoints to a specific location within the document file. Seealso absolute URL and relative URL.

User

A computer user who is employing a client browser toaccess Web resources. In the context of ticketing, eachuser has a user ID encoded in the ticket.
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USENETA collection of electronic bulletin boards (callednewsgroups) set up by subject matter and covering justabout every conceivable topic, from molecular biology

to nude sunbathing. The newsgroups are organized intohierarchies, such as science (sci), recreation (rec),society (soc), and the miscellaneous category calledalternate (alt).

User CredentialsInformation that a user provides to prove his or her

identity. In basic authentication, the user credentials aresimply a username and password.

User ID
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A number that uniquely identifies a user. Except in thecase of anonymous ticketing, user IDs are taken from aregistry database accessed by the ticketing agent.

WANWide Area Network. This network connects severalcomputer so they can share files and sometimesequipment, as well as exchange email. A wide areanetwork connects computers across a largegeographic area. The World Wide Web is a WAN.

WebA network of HTTP servers. The most discussed webis the World Wide Web (WWW), which is sometimesknown as "the Web," but there are many other webs,often called internal webs or intranets, inside oforganizations.
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