sunsi review complet template- adm · her primary focus at georgia tech was on the use of...

U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSIONNOTICF OF GRN/.£1TN'. AWARfl

1. GRANT/AGREEMENT NO. 2. MODI FICAT ION NO. 3. PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE 4. AUTHORITYNRC-HQ-12-G-38-0050 M00l FROM: 4/16/2012 TO: 04/15/2015 Pursuant to Section 31b and 141b of the

I5 MAtomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended5. TYPE OF AWARD 6. ORGANIZATION TYPE 7. RECIPIENT NAME, ADDRESS, and EMAIL ADDRESS

Research Foundation of CUNYGRANT State-Controlled Institution of Higher Education 160 Convent Avenue

D] COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT DUNS: 603503991NAICS: 611310 New York, NY 10031

8. PROJECT TITLE:

Application of Micro fluidic Electrochemistry to Understand Crud Formation and Materials Degradation in Nuclear Energy Applications

9. PROJECT WILL BE CONDUCTED 10. TECHNICAL REPORTS ARE REQUIRED 11. PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(S) NAME, ADDRESS and EMAIL ADDRESS

PER GOVERNMENT'S/RECIPIENTS m PROGRESS AND FINAL Dean Joe BarbaPROPOSAL(S) DATED barba ,,cuny.edu

See Program Description DFINAL ONLY 160 Convent Avenue ST 142New York, NY 10031

AND APPENDIX A-PROJECT DOTHER (Conference Proceedings) 212-650-5435

GRANT PROVISIONS 212-6_0-5435

12. NRC PROGRAM OFFICE (NAME and ADDRESS) 13. ACCOUNTING and APPROPRIATION DATA 14. METHOD OF PAYMENTNRC nAPPN. NO: 31X200 E] ADVANCE BY TREASURY CHECKAttn: Nancy Hebron-lsreal B&R NO: 2012-84-51-K-164

Office of Human Resources B NO: T8459 -- ]4REIMBURSEMENT BY TREASURY CHECKMS: W5A6 301-492-2231 JOB CODE: T8459 LTE FCEI11545 Rockville Pike BOC NO: 4110 LETTER OF CREDITRockville, Maryland 20852Email: Nancy. Hebron-lsreal(t, NRC.GO OFFICE ID NO: HR-iV3-019 OTHER(SPECIFY) ElectronicASAP.gov

(See Remarks In Item #20 "Payment Information")15. NRC OBLIGATION FUNDS 16. TOTAL FUNDING AGREEMENT

This action provides funds for Fiscal Year 13THIS ACTION $0 NRC $3'53t191.00" in the amount of See Paae Two

PREVIOUS OBLIGATION $353,191.00 RECIPIENT .$145.000.00

TOTAL $353,191.00 TOTAL $498.191.00

17. NRC ISSUING OFFICE (NAME, ADDRESS and EMAIL ADDRESS)

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory CommissionDiv. of ContractsAttn: Rob Robinson, 301-492-3693Mail Stop: TWB-01-BIOMRockville MD 20852

18. 19. NRC CONT7RL\,.TING OFFICE;R,ý

Signature Not Required ' -.(Signature) (Date)

NAME (TYPED) Erika Earn

TITLE Crants Officer

TELEPHONE NO. 301-492-3492

20. PAYMENT INFORMATION

Payment will be made through the Automated Standard Application for Payment (ASAP.gov) unless the recipient has failed to comply with the program objectives,

award conditions, Federal reporting requirements or other conditions specified in 2 CFR 215 (OMB Circular Al 10).

21. Attached is a copy of the "NRC General Provisions for Grants and Cooperative Agreements Awarded to Non-Government Recipients.

Acceptance of these terms and conditions is acknowledged when Federal funds are used on this project.

22. ORDER OF PRECEDENCE

In the event of a conflict between the recipient's proposal and this award, the terms of the Award shall prevail.

23. By this award, the Recipient certifies that payment of any audit-related debt will not reduce the level of performance of any Federal Program.

TEMPLATE- ADM_SUNSI REVIEW COMPLET

NRC-HQ-12-G-38-0050 M001 of 2

The purpose for modification number M001 is to:

1. Replace Dr. Steingart with Elizabeth J. Biddinger as senior personnel.

2. Delete the Program Description in its entirety and replace with the attached.

Base Period: April 16, 2012- April 15, 2015Assistance Award Ceiling: $498,191.00Total Obligated Amount: $353,191.00

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Faculty Development Grant Project Statement Revision NRC-HQ-12-G-38-0050

Executive Summary

Financial support is requested through the Faculty Development Grant program for the"Electrochemical recovery offission products for nuclear fuel reprocessing and wastemanagement" in the Energy Institute recently established at the City University of New York(CUNY EL). The Energy Institute focuses on electricity generation and storage technologiesincluding both the extension of existing nuclear reactors and the study of advanced nuclearreactors which will be constructed in the US over the next twenty to thirty years. A total of$353,191 was granted by the NRC for this project, with $150,000 matched by CCNY. Thisfunding will support, under Professor Biddinger's guidance, three graduate students in theinvestigation of fission product recovery using electrodeposition and ionic liquids. Since CCNYis a Minority and a Hispanic Serving Institution, the proposed nuclear chemical engineeringprogram will provide minority students with the knowledge, experience and skills needed tounderstand and have an impact on the nuclear waste management and fuel reprocessingchallenges of today's and tomorrow's systems. Professor Biddinger has experience inelectrocatalysis, electrodeposition and alterhative solvents including ionic liquids. Extending theNuclear Thermal-hydraulics and Safety Research Laboratory, the proposal focuses on a programto examine fuel reprocessing and waste management using electrochemical methods at the CityCollege of New York (CCNY). The Faculty Development Grant will be used by Dr. Elizabeth J.Biddinger, a tenure-track Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering atCCNY to develop a research program on the study of electrodeposition of fission products inextraction media. These efforts will complement the multiphase flow and heat transfer expertiseestablished by the department in the past four years by Professors Masahiro Kawaji, SanjoyBanerjee, and Taehun Lee. Dean Joseph Barba, 160 Convent Avenue, ST 142, New York, NewYork is the P1. His email is barba(aiccny.cuny.edu.

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Introduction

Separation of fission products from spent nuclear fuel streams is needed. With the uncertainty ofthe Yucca Mountain project, radioactive waste generated at nuclear power plants must be storedsecurely on-site indefinitely1' 2. Already, U.S. nuclear power plants "temporarily" house 57,000tons of spent fuel'. After a period of time the increasing volume of radioactive waste to be storedcan become overwhelming. By separating the non-radioactive species out from the waste beforestorage, the stored waste volume can. be significantly reduced. While nuclear fuel is notcurrently recycled back to the reactor in facilities in the United States, it is in other countriessuch as France and is possible in the future in the U.S. In order for recycle to happen, the fuelmust be re-concentrated and the neutron-absorbing fission products must be removed 3.Additionally, some of the fission products, such as precious metals, are valuable in their own-right. To be able to efficiently perform these separations, the separation system must be betterunderstood.

In this faculty development proposal, the Energy Institute of the City University of New York(CUNY EI) has identified Elizabeth J. Biddinger, a tenure-track assistant professor of chemicalengineering at the City College of the City University of New York (CCNY) with an expertise inelectrochemistry, catalysis, and alternative solvents, to create an effort that can examine fuelreprocessing and waste management challenges through examination of electrochemicaldeposition of fission products in extraction solvents including ionic liquids. This grant will allowProfessor Biddinger to build a team and begin a career in nuclear engineering that leverages herexperiences in electrochemistry, catalysis and alternative solvents. Professor Biddinger willcollaborate with other faculty members at the CUNY Energy Institute and conduct research thatcompliments the work in Energy Institute's Thermal-hydraulics and Safety Research Laboratory.

Professor Elizabeth J. Biddinger received her PhD in Chemical Engineering from The Ohio StateUniversity in 2010 for her research in nitrogen-containing nanostructured carbons as oxygenreduction electrocatalysts in PEM and direct methanol fuel cells. As a graduate student,Professor Biddinger was a Dow Chemical Fellow and was recognized with multiple travelawards including those from the North American Catalysis Society, American Institute ofChemical Engineers Catalysis and Reactor Engineering Division, and the Council for ChemicalResearch. Dr. Biddinger continued her education through a post-doctoral fellowship at GeorgiaInstitute of Technology studying alternative solvents for green chemistry and sustainableengineering applications. Her primary focus at Georgia Tech was on the use of reversible ionicliquids for CO 2 capture. Dr. Biddinger joined the Department of Chemical Engineering at theCity College of New York in the Fall of 2012. Her research focuses on green chemistry andenergy applications utilizing electrochemistry, catalysis and ionic liquids. Professor Biddingerplans to utilize electrochemical techniques and ionic liquids to examine the recovery of fissionproducts for the proposed work.

The recent DOE Hub Award to Oak Ridge Natio nal Laboratory for the CASL project to developa Virtual Reactor, a hub of which the CUNY El is a member, also benefits Professor Biddinger.The access to the hub's network, along with the strong ties of the CUNY El to Argonne andBrookhaven National Laboratories, will provide Professor Biddinger and her team second-to-

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none knowledge of every detail of reactor physics and engineering design. Finally, the tiesforged by the CUNY El to Westinghouse and Mitsubishi ensure that Professor Biddinger and herteam will be grounded in the realities of nuclear chemical engineering.

CCNY: A Commitment to Access and ExcellenceThis proposal is envisioned to involve and train graduate students, and will start by providingsupport for three PhD students. Professor Biddinger, through the CUNY El, can recruit studentsfrom the entering graduate pools in chemical'and mechanical engineering departments. Dr.Biddinger strives to create a diverse, welcoming lab and will leverage CCNY's unique, multi-cultural population, thereby encouraging a broad cross section to enter the field of nuclearengineering. CCNY is first in NY State and 10th nationally in graduating minority engineers, 5thnationally in conferring graduate degrees on minority students and a top producer of African-American engineering PhDs.

Proposed Research Program

By recovering nuclear fission products for'nuclear fuel reprocessing and waste management, theload placed on the nuclear power industry to both obtain fresh nuclear fuel and secure largevolumes of radioactive waste can be significantly lessened. In order to examine the nuclearfission product processing and identify efficient and cost effective methods of doing such,Professor Biddinger will utilize the CUNY EI's existing nuclear engineering infrastructurehoused at CCNY and their contacts established at the national laboratories (BNL, ORNL, INL,LANL and Argonne) and nuclear engineering companies such as Westinghouse, GE andMitsubishi in combination with her own laboratory facilities.

Over the lifetime of the US Nuclear program, 57,000 tons of spent fuel rods containing highlevels of fission products and radioactive wastes have been generated and are currently stored onsite at the power plants'. In order to reduce the volume of radioactive waste requiring storageand open opportunities for fuel reprocessing :for.,recycle to occur, the CUNY El is starting a newprogram using electrochemical recovery of fission products and alternative solvents, leveragingthe existing nuclear engineering infrastructure of CCNY. This is a first step towards bettermanagement of nuclear wastes and by training the next generation of plant, process and designengineers in the complexities and interplay of electrochemistry, alternative solvents andradiation. The following describes the existing capabilities of the Biddinger Research GroupLaboratory at CCNY, the proposed enhancements an NRC Faculty Development grant willprovide along with matching funds from CCNY, and the recent renovations paid for by theDormitory Authority of the State of New York (DASNY). Proposed research will build uponthese existing and requested facilities.

The Biddinger Research GroupProfessor Biddinger is developing a laboratory to enable green chemistry and energy applicationsto be investigated using electrochemistry, catalysis and alternative solvents such as ionic liquids.Her laboratory space of approximately 1,100 sq. ft. is part of a $4 million renovation of 10,000sq. ft. of laboratory space in the Steinman Hall engineering building at CCNY. Funding for therenovations were provided by the Dormitory Authority of New York (DANSY). The space will

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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Faculty Development;G'ant Pr6ject Statement Revision NRC-HQ-12-G-38-0050

be ready in January 2013. Professor Biddinger will equip her laboratory using $514,000 start-upfunds provided by CCNY. Her laboratory will be equipped with potentiostats for performingelectrochemical studies; a glove box to enable air- and water-sensitive reactions to be performed;laboratory facilities to enable novel ionic liquids to be synthesized in-house; analyticalinstrumentation such as gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high pressureliquid chromatography (HPLC) to analyze the ionic liquids and their by-products; among othersystems. Professor Biddinger's research group will also utilize existing shared-user facilities atCCNY including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), elemental analysisinstrumentation, and rheology facilities.

Professor Biddinger's planned research activities beyond what are proposed here include projectsto investigate the electrocatalysis of furfural for fine chemical and fuel applications; identifying"greener" ionic liquids for electrochemical applications; and developing novel green andeconomical fine chemical and pharmaceutical intermediate chemical production methodsutilizing electro-organic syntheses, electrocatalysis and alternative solvents. The proposedresearch melds well with Professor Biddinger's planned research at CCNY as well as her pastexperience in ionic liquids at Georgia Tech, electrocatalysis at Ohio State University andelectrochemical metal deposition and electrocatalysis at Ohio University.

In order to build a program relevant to the field of nuclear engineering the CUNY El proposesthe following research topics which leverage Professor Biddinger's expertise in electrochemicalengineering and alternative solvents. The funds in this grant will cover one PhD student for thefirst year and two PhD students in years two and three. It will also provide summer salary forProfessor Biddinger, additional instrumentation unique to the project and supplies.. A $50,000match for three years by CCNY will fund an additional PhD student, provide tuition waivers forthe three PhD students and additional supplies.

Experimentail Rese.'trch

The proposed research involves the recovery of fission products from extraction solvents used infuel reprocessing and recovery. This includes traditional extraction solutions such as theaqueous-acidic solutions as well as novel extraction ionic liquid media. The desired fissionproducts will be removed from the extraction solvent by electrochemical metal deposition.Implementation of this process requires significant development and investigation of thephenomena and conditions associated with the process. This includes the nature and behavior ofthe solvents, the electrochemical conditions and phenomena associated with it. Three main areaswill be pursued in this work:

I) Investigation of solvents for electrochemical recovery offiss ion products. It is ideal thatthe electrochemical recovery of the fission products occurs in the original extraction

solution, thereby limiting the complexity, number of steps and waste generated in theprocess.

a. Aqueous Acidic Solutions. The current PUREX (Plutonium - UraniumExtraction) process results in the fission products being in aqueous acidicsolutions 3' 4. These nitric acid - rich aqueous solutions contain the fissionproducts while the organic phase contains the plutonium and uranium. The

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aqueous acidic solutions will be investigated to determine the needs for usingthem electrochemically. This will include identifying any additional electrolyteneeded and the pH of the solution and how it impacts the electrochemicalproperties of the solution.

b. Ionic Liquids. Ionic liquids have been proposed in the literature to be promisingextraction solvents for the recovery ,of fission products5 . Identification ofappropriate ILs for extraction andfecovery by electrodeposition will be required.The criteria for selecting appropriate ILs include: fission product extractionability, temperature stability, and electrochemical potential window, andradioactivity stability. Radioactivity stability will be evaluated through literature

6-8reports -. Additionally, Professor Biddinger plans to take this project as anopportunity to utilize relationships developed with the CUNY El to connect withJim Wishart of Brookhaven National Laboratories (BNL). Dr. Wishart has doneextensive work in the use of ionic liquids and has investigated their radioactivestability 9". If the most promising ILs do not have radioactive stabilityinformation on them (by prediction or experiment) she will with work with BNLto evaluate them. These analyses will aid in identifying the fundamentalcharacteristics of the ionic liquids that are important as an extraction andelectrodeposition solvent.

2) Determination of electroplating conditions of fission products in selected extractionsolvents. Promising solvent systems studied in part I will be used to examineelectroplating conditions of the fission products. The electrochemical recovery of thefission products (utilizing non-radioactive surrogates when necessary) is impacted by avariety of factors that will be examined:

a. Electrode Materials. The electrode material used for depositing the metal can havea large impact on the overall performance of the system. Electrodes must beelectrically conductive and stable in, the working medium, which will beespecially challenging in the acidic aqueous solvent. In addition, the electrodecan have catalytic effects by lowering the required potential needed toelectrodeposit the fission products. The mechanisms which make a stable andelectroplatable electrode will be investigated using in situ UV-vis spectroscopy aswell as post-analysis of the electrodes and solutions.

b. Fission Product Concentrations. The concentration of a reactive species in anelectrochemical solution can have an impact on the chemical composition andmorphology of the deposit, as well as, deposition efficiency, The solutionconcentrations will be monitored using UV-vis spectroscopy and elementalanalysis techniques.

c. Electrochemical Conditions. The electrochemical operating conditions includingcurrent density, potential and cell configuration including mixing (especially inthe case of viscous ionic liquids) all have an impact on the products deposited.This will be investigated as part of the deposition study.

d Multiple Species in Waste Stream. Fission product species will be evaluatedseparately initially in parts 2a-c to determine conditions as well as understand thefundamentals behind the results. In real cases, there will be competitiveelectrodeposition of the fission products. These will be examined as well asmethods to selectively control deposition.

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3) Characterization of electroplated fission products. The electroplated fission productswill be examined for purity, macro- and nano-structure, and surface species. Elementalanalysis techniques will be used to examine the purity of the deposited products. Bulk

characterization tools including x-ray diffraction (XRD) will be used to determine crystalstructure, phase and composition of the products. The morphology of the depositedmaterials will be examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface specieswill be examined using Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy(DRIFTS) and temperature programmed desorptions (TPDs), among other techniques.

The first year of the project will focus on solution identification (part 1). In year two, solutionidentification will continue for the ionic liquids and parts 2 and 3 on electrodeposition andcharacterization will begin. These will continue into the third year. The students will worksynergistically together on this project both inside and outside of the laboratory. The three PhDstudents will take primary leads on individual parts of the project. One PhD student will lead theaqueous-based solution and electrodeposition research. The second and third PhD students willlead the ionic liquids-based-solution and electrodeposition research, with one focusing more onthe ionic liquid identification and property analysis and the third on the electrochemicaldeposition and characterization. Professor Biddinger and the CUNY El will encourage thestudents to routinely present to the group, to formally report on progress, solicit feedback and toaid the students in developing their presentation skills. Professor Biddinger will bring herstudents to appropriate conferences and on visits to the National Laboratories to present theirwork and network in the nuclear chemical engineering field.

Selection of Candidates

The Faculty member to be supported by the Faculty Development Grant from NRC is ProfessorElizabeth J. Biddinger of the Chemical Engineering Department at CCNY. She is a tenure-trackassistant professor who joined CCNY in August 2012. She already has experience inelectrochemistry and alternative solvents. With the faculty development grant from NRC, shewill be able to develop experimental research capabilities in the field of nuclear chemicalengineering reprocessing and waste management.

Management StructureProfessor Biddinger and her research group will- work closely with the nuclear thermal-hydraulics and safety research program which is managed by a Steering Committee composed ofthe Director and members of the Energy Institute. Three qualified Ph.D. students will be selectedby the Steering Committee. The Steering Committee will be responsible for fully administeringthe program, and monitoring and evaluating the faculty development process. Secretarial help forthe Steering Committee will be provided as needed by the Energy Institute.

Program Evaluation

The proposed plan to develop and retain the faculty member in Nuclear Engineering with theNRC Faculty Development Grant will be evaluated from the following indicators.

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" Successful examination of fission product recovery in alternative solvents byelectrodeposition

" Number and quality of Ph.D. students recruited to conduct research in the BiddingerResearch Group and involved with nuclear engineering

" Special courses, workshops and conferences that Professor Biddinger attended, as well asvisits to other researchers and research institutions

* Relationships built with nuclear utilities and National Laboratories

The publication list will be posted on a research website. The research results will be presentedat the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) and Electrochemical Society (ECS)conferences, and international conferences related to nuclear engineering such as theInternational Conference of Nuclear Engineering (ICONE). Deliverables and project scheduleare presented in Table 1.

Table I: Program TimelineYear I Year 2 Year 3

Nuclear Engineering Additions to Biddinger xxxxxxxxxx XXxxxxxxxx

Research Laboratories

Aqueous Acid Solution Investigation XXXXXXXxx xxx

Ionic Liquid Solution Investigation XXxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx

Electrode Materials Examined M xxxxxx

Fission Product Concentrations XXXXXXXXXX XXXXx

Electrochemical Conditions xx)ooO(XXX O(XXXX

Multiple Species in Waste Stream xxxx XXXXXMXXXXX

Characterization of Electroplated Fission Products XX)OoWxxxxx xxxxx~xxxxx

Write-up and Dissemination of Research Results XXXX XXXXX)xxxxx XXXxxxxxXXXX

Additional Non Federal SupportIn addition to the $514,000 equipment startup package provided to Professor Biddinger by the

GSOE, and the lab renovations paid for by DASNY, CCNY will provide $50,000 per year as

direct matching funds to the NRC Faculty Development in the form of PhD student stipend,

tuition waiver and supplies.

Results of Previous NRC FundingIn the past four years CCNY has also recruited a strong team to kick off the nuclear engineering

program. Professor Masahiro Kawaji moved from the University of Toronto, one of the mostresearch-intensive universities in Canada. He received his Ph.D. degree in Nuclear Engineeringfrom the University of California, Berkeley, in 1984, and has been conducting multiphase flowand heat transfer research related to nuclear reactor thermal-hydraulics and safety for overtwenty years at the University of Toronto. He also worked as a nuclear safety research engineerat the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute from 1983 to 1986. CCNY has also fostered thegrowth of Professor Taehun Lee, an expert in the use of Lattice Boltzmann theory and the 2010

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beneficiary of the University's NRC Faculty Development Award. Finally, DistingusishedProfessor Sanjoy Banerjee, Director of the Energy Institute, has over 35 years of experiencewithin almost all areas the nuclear industry and currently serves as an advisor to the ACRS.

Professor Biddinger will collaborate with Professors Kawaji, Banerjee, Lee and other facultymembers in the Grove School of Engineering (GSOE) who are interested in nuclear engineeringresearch. Leveraging recent awards from the DOE and the State of New York regardingelectrochemical research, as well as a grant from NY State to build new CUNY El laboratories(to be completed January 2013), CCNY stands poised to become a center for the study ofinterdisciplinary contexts with a large focus on nuclear engineering. Such a center will attract,post-doctoral researchers, graduate students, and summer undergraduate students, and willencourage such researchers to pursue nuclear-'engineering for their career. The departments ofmechanical engineering and chemical engineering at CCNY are also expanding their courseofferings into nuclear engineering and in the past three years have created a nuclear engineeringconcentration with three senior undergraduate courses available to undergraduate and graduatestudents in the GSOE. Professor Biddinger will also contribute to this concentration.

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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Faculty Development'Grant Project Statement Revision NRC-HQ-12-G-38-0050

References

(1) Fact Sheet on Licensing Yucca Mountain. U.S. NRC, 2012; Vol. 2012.

(2) Backgrounder on Radioactive Waste. U.S. NRC, 2007; Vol. 2012.(3) Benedict, M.; Pigford, T. H.: Nuclear Chemical Engineering; McGraw-Hill Book Company,

Inc.: New York, 1957.

(4) Todd, T.: Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing. U.S. Department of Energy, 2008; Vol. 2012.(5) Sun, X.; Luo, H.; Dai, S.: Ionic Liquids-Based Extraction: A Promising Strategy for the

Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycle. Chemical Reviews 2011, 112, 2100-2128.(6) Allen, D.; Baston, G.; Bradley, A. E.; Gorman, T.; Haile, A.; Hamblett, I.; Hatter, J. E.;

Healey, M. J. F.; Hodgson, B.; Lewin, R.; Lovell, K. V.; Newton, B.; Pitner, W. R.; Rooney, D. W.; Sanders,D.; Seddon, K. R.; Sims, H. E.; Thied, R. C.: An investigation of the radiochemical stability of ionic liquids.Green Chemistry 2002, 4, 152-158.

(7) Bridges, N. J.; Visser, A. E.; Williamson, M. J.; Mickalonis, J. I.; Adams, T. M.: Effects ofgamma radiation on electrochemical properties of ionic liquids. Radiochimica Acta 2010, 98, 243-247.

(8) Jagadeeswara Rao, C.; Venkatesan, K. A.; Tata, B. V. R.; Nagarajan, K.; Srinivasan, T. G.;Vasudeva Rao, P. R.: Radiation stability of some room temperature ionic liquids. Radiation Physics andChemistry 2011, 80, 643-649.

(9) Shkrob, I. A.; Manin, T. W.; Chemerisov, S. D.; Hatcher, J. L.; Wishart, J. F.: RadiationInduced Redox Reactions and Fragmentation of Constituent Ions in Ionic Liquids. 2. Imidazolium Cations.The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2011, 115, 3889-3902.

(10) Shkrob, I. A.; Marin, T. W.; Chemerisov, S. D.; Wishart, J. F.: Radiation Induced RedoxReactions and Fragmentation of Constituent Ions in Ionic Liquids. 1. Anions. The Journal of PhysicalChemistry B 2011, 115, 3872-3888.

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Elizabeth J. Biddinger Current and Pending

Current ProjectsNo projects are currently funded.

Pending ProjectsTitle: "Greener" Ionic Liquids in Electro-Organic SynthesesAgency: American Chemical Society - Petroleum Research Fund (ACS-PRF)Budget: $100,000Application date: 11/7/12Start date (if funded): 9/1/13Funding Period: 9/1/13-8/31/15Role of faculty member (i.e. PI, co-PI, etc.) PI

Title: "Homogeneous Ionic Liquid Reactor"Agency: ARPA-EBudget: $10,118,266Application date: 7/11/12Start date (if funded): 7/1/13Funding Period:7/1/13-6/30/16Role of faculty member (i.e. PI, co-PI, etc.) co-PIPI: Sanjoy Banerjee

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