sunrise science white paper 2.12 en all

7/30/2019 Sunrise Science White Paper 2.12 en ALL

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Eaae} U{ y ea* OAA]* I&M&* Sh I* BOI

Yh b oe} A{ q ` k* Sh I

Mj e l q E& Dq ef m b oef b * O&I&

Yhk }yeykokfy} efi sqbi{my} qkdkqkfmki lf yhl} ibm{okfy efi hetk fby akkf ktej{eyki a| yhk [flyki

]yeyk} Dbbi efi Iq{g Eiolfl}yqeylbf (DIE,& Yhk @|fl sqbi{my} eqk fby lfykfiki yb ilegfb}k* yqkey*

m{qk bq sqktkfy ef| il}ke}k bq mbfilylbf& Yhk lfdbqoeylbf lf yhl} ibm{okfy l} lfykfiki e} e }b{qmk bd

qkdkqkfmk oeykqlej} efi }mlkfyldlm ieye dbq ki{meylbfej s{qsb}k} bfj|& Ld |b{ hetk ef| ilegfb}ki okilmej

mbfilylbf wk qkmbookfi |b{ mbf}{jy |b{q lfiltli{ej hkejyh meqk sqbtlikq wlyh }skmldlm u{k}ylbf} akdbqk

{}lfg ef| fkw ilkyeq| }{ssjkokfy&


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@| f l ]{ f q l }kYO>

Yh k ]m lkf m k Akh lf i Yh k ]{ skq d b b i }

Bfk bd @|fl} yhqkk sqbsqlkyeq| sqbi{my}* @|fl ]{fql}kYO

* l} e ajkfi bd }ktkqej ]{skqdbbi}* tlyeolf}*efi yqemk olfkqej}& Ye`kf lf yhk obqflfg* yhl} sqbi{my sqbtlik} e qlmh ajkfi bd efyl/bxliefy} yhey hkjsdkfi bdd dqkk qeilmej ieoegk yhqb{ghb{y yhk ie|& Akqqlk} eqk eobfg yhk dbbi} wlyh yhk hlghk}y efyl/bxliefy emyltly| efi yhey l} wh| @|fl lfmj{iki n{lmk} dqbo }ktkqej akqqlk} efi ]{skqdbbi} lf @|fl]{fql}k

YO& Efbyhkq losbqyefy slkmk bd lfdbqoeylbf wb{ji }kko batlb{} yb ob}y qkeikq}* feokj| yhey

ejyhb{gh e dbbi bq akqq| oe| hetk e hlgh jktkj bd lffeyk efyl/bxliefy mesemly|* ld bfk mbf}{oki bfj| e ylf|aly* yhkf ly olghy fby ak tkq| kddkmyltk lf ikdkf}k egelf}y dqkk qeilmej ieoegk yb mkjj}& @|fl he} fby}mqloski bf yhk eob{fy} bd yhk ]{skqdbbi} yhey eqk lfmj{iki lf @|fl ]{fql}k

YO& Dlfejj|* ejj }b{qmk} bd

dq{ly} efi akqqlk} eqk fby mqkeyki ku{ej& Kftlqbfokfyej gqbwlfg mbfilylbf} esskeq yb }yqbfgj| lfdj{kfmkhbw o{mh efyl/bxliefy sbykfylej l} sqk}kfy lf e seqylm{jeq dbbi& Yhl} l} k}skmlejj| yq{k dbq aj{kakqqlk}* e}|b{ wljj }kk lf yhk fkxy }kmylbf* efi l} bfk qke}bf yhk db{fieylbf bd @|fl ]{fql}k

YOl} yhk Wlji Eje}èf

Aj{kakqqlk}&

Lfmj{}lbf bd e jeqgk f{oakq bd ]{skqdbbi} efi e mbosqkhkf}ltk gqb{s bd tlyeolf} lf @|fl ]{fql}kYO

ej}b hkjs} mkjj} lf bqgef} }{mh e} fkqtk}* hkeqy* jltkq* efi byhkq} yb oexlol~k yhklq okyeabjl}o&Lfykqk}yki qkeikq} oe| dlfi yhk dbjjbwlfg hkjsd{j lf {fikq}yefilfg wh| @|fl lfmbqsbqeyki teqlb{}lfgqkilkfy} lf @|fl ]{fql}k

YO& Sjke}k fbyk yhl} ibm{okfy il}m{}}k} yhk dbqo{jeylbf bd @|fl ]{fql}k

YO

dbq yhk [flyki ]yeyk}& ]bok dbqklgf mb{fyqlk} oe| hetk dbqo{je teqleylbf}&

DQ[LY] LF @\FL ][FQL]KYO

Wlji Eje}èf Aj{kakqqlk}* Sbokgqefeyk* Qki Qe}sakqq|* Mqefakqq|* Mbfmbqi Gqesk}* Gqesk ]`lf"Gqesk]kki* Ejbk Tkqe* Wbjdakqq|* efi Fbfl&

WLJI EJE]@EF AJ[KAKQQLK]

E} yhk db{fieylbfej lfgqkilkfy lf @|fl ]{fql}k

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* yhk Wlji Eje}èf Aj{kakqq| l} yhk `lfg bd ]{skqdbbi}*abe}ylfg e aqbei qefgk bd f{yqlkfy}& O{mh bd yhk qk}keqmh efi hkejyh akfkdly} qkjeyki yb aj{kakqqlk} eqkdbm{}ki bf m{jylteyki aj{kakqqlk}* }bokylok} qkdkqqki yb e} hlgh/a{}h aj{kakqqlk}& Hbwktkq*ly l} `fbwfyhey Wlji Eje}èf Aj{kakqqlk}* bq jbw/a{}h aj{kakqqlk}* eqk }{skqlbq yb hlgh/a{}h aj{kakqqlk} a| e demybqe} gqkey e} ykf& Yhl} mboseql}bf l} ljj{}yqeyki lf yhk btkqtlkw }kmylbf akjbw&

M{jylteyki aj{kakqqlk} eqk yhk aj{kakqqlk} eteljeajk ey yhk }{skqoeq`ky& Emmbqilfg yb N{jlk Me}mlb* (5,qk}keqmh wlyh teqlb{} dq{ly} }hbw} yhey m{jylteyki aj{kakqqlk} hetk e dqkk qeilmej ikdkf}k }mbqk bd 19*whlmh l} hlghkq yhef byhkq mbookqmlej dq{ly} lfmj{iki lf yhk }y{ilk}& Ef|yhlfg eabtk 93 l} mbf}likqki tkq|hlgh& Wlji Eje}èf Aj{kakqqlk}* bq jbw/a{}h aj{kakqqlk}* }mbqk ktkf hlghkq> ey 555 lf yhl} seqylm{jeq yk}y&

Byhkq} hetk mboseqki yhk mbookqmlejj| eteljeajk aj{kakqq| wlyh yhk `lfi bd aj{kakqq| db{fi lf Eje}è&(1, Yhk| qksbqy yhey qkgeqijk}} bd yhk okyhbi bd yk}ylfg* jbw/a{}h aj{kakqqlk} wkqk mbf}l}ykfyj| hlghkq lfefyhbm|eflf} (yhk}k eqk weykq/}bj{ajk slgokfy} yhey gltk dq{ly}* djbwkq}* efi }bok tkgkyeajk} yhklqil}ylfmy mbjbq efi oe| esskeq qki* s{qsjk* bq aj{k,* ybyej shkfbjlm} (yhk}k eqk bqgeflm mbosb{fi} db{fi lfsjefy} yhey sqbykmy yhko dqbo lfn{q|,* efi efyl/bxliefy mesemly| mboseqki wlyh hlgh/a{}h aj{kakqqlk}&

Ly l} losbqyefy yb mbf}likq whkyhkq yhk}k }mlkfyldlm }y{ilk} hetk ef| qkej okeflfg dbq e skq}bf whbmbf}{ok} Wlji Eje}èf Aj{kakqqlk} (bq @|fl ]{fql}k

YO,& []IE }mlkfyl}y} qkmkfyj| mbfmj{iki yhey keylfg

Wlji Aj{kakqqlk} efi byhkq efyl/bxliefy/qlmh dbbi} ey ktkq| okej hkjs} sqktkfy bxlieyltk }yqk}}& (=,Bxlieyltk }yqk}} l} jlf`ki yb mhqbflm il}ke}k}* }{mh e} hkeqy il}ke}k efi eglfg& Yhl} }y{i| eitefmk} efyl/bxliefy qk}keqmh a| obtlfg ak|bfi yhk oke}{qkokfy bd efyl/bxliefy} lf dbbi} yb emy{ej kxeolfeylbf bdyhk skqdbqoefmk bd }skmldlm dq{ly} egelf}y bxlieyltk }yqk}} lf yhk h{oef abi|&


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Hkeqy Hkejyh

Aj{kakqqlk} oe| hkjs sqk}kqtk hkeqy hkejyh* k}skmlejj| lf yhb}k whb eqk bak}k& Mjkeqj| hkeqy il}ke}k l} ejkeilfg me{}k bd ikeyh wbqjiwlik efi bak}ly| l} akmbolfg e {fltkq}ej hkejyh sqbajko& Bfk klghy/wkk`}y{i| kxeolfki }{ankmy} whb mbf}{oki aj{kakqq| }{ssjkokfy} mboseqki yb e mbfyqbj gqb{s& (9,]kjkmyltk ql}` demybq} lf bak}k skbsjk }{mh e} jbw/ikf}ly| jlsbsqbyklf (JIJ0 yhk aei mhbjk}ykqbj, efi}|}ybjlm efi ile}ybjlm ajbbi sqk}}{qk wkqk }lgfldlmefyj| qki{mki lf yhk }{ankmy} whb mbf}{oki aj{kakqq|}{ssjkokfy}& Yhk hkejyh akfkdly} bd yhk}k obik}y hkejyh losqbtkokfy} meffby ak btkqk}yloeyki&

Hkejyh| Ajbbi ]{geq Jktkj}

Bak}k lfiltli{ej} eqk ej}b ey hlgh ql}` dbq ileakyk} wlyh oef| ikjkykqlb{} kddkmy} bf mlqm{jeylbf yb yhkk|k}* hkeqy* efi `lifk|}& Mbf}{osylbf bd aj{kakqqlk} losqbtki yhk hefijlfg bd gj{mb}k lf e jeqgk meiqkbd bak}k* ileakylm }{ankmy}& (;, Akyykq mbfyqbj bd ql}lfg ajbbi gj{mb}k oe| hkjs sqk}kqtk mlqm{jeylbf yb yhktlyej bqgef} okfylbfki eabtk&

Bfk sjemkab/mbfyqbjjki mjlflmej }y{i| {}lfg e olxki akqq| sqkseqeylbf yhey lfmj{iki aj{kakqqlk} }hbwki e}lgfldlmefy qki{mylbf lf mhbjk}ykqbj ey yhk kfi bd db{q wkk`}& (4, Aj{kakqqlk} efyl/lfdjeooeybq| kddkmy}wkqk ej}b lftk}ylgeyki lf e mjlflmej }y{i| lftbjtlfg 91 }{ankmy} ilegfb}ki wlyh Y|sk 1 ileakyk}& (7,Qk}keqmhkq} db{fi lfgk}ylbf bd e sqkseqeylbf bd aj{kakqq| jketk} qlmh lf mhjbqbgkflm emli sj{}

efyhbm|eflf o|qlmkylf }lgfldlmefyj| qki{mki M/qkemyltk sqbyklf (MQS, efi byhkq lfdjeooeybq| kf~|ok}&

]oejj mjlflmej yqlej} ib }{ssbqy yhk efyl/bxliefy kddlmem| bd aj{kakqqlk}& Lf bfk }y{i|* mbf}{osylbf bd e}lfgjk okej bd aj{kakqqlk} (533 g dqkk~k iqlki sbwikq, lfmqke}ki sje}oe efyl/bxliefy mesemly| lf yhksb}ysqefilej }yeyk&

(8, Yqlej} hetk ej}b }hbwf lfgk}ylfg aj{kakqqlk} mef qki{mk bxlieyltk }yqk}} e}

oke}{qki a| sje}oe alboeq`kq}&(


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efyl/bxliefy emyltly| efi d{fmylbf bd djetbfbli mbosb{fi} db{fi lf gqesk} e} wkjj e} byhkq emylbf} }{mh e}lfmqke}lfg flyqlm bxlik sqbi{mylbf& Yhk wkjj/k}yeajl}hki hkejyh kddkmy} bd gqesk} bf meqilbte}m{jeq il}ke}kql}`* oelfj| bf kfibyhkjlej d{fmylbf* JIJ bxlieylbf* sqbgqk}}lbf bd eyhkqb}mjkqb}l}* efi qki{mylbf lfbxlieyltk }yqk}}* hetk akkf mjkeqj| likfyldlki& Qeyhkq yhef jl}y kemh bd yhk}k }y{ilk}* yhk lfykqk}yki qkeikql} sblfyki yb qkdkqkfmk 59 dbq d{qyhkq lfdbqoeylbf&

Hkeqy Hkejyh

Bfk lfgqkilkfy lf gqesk} l} qk}tkqeyqbj* whlmh he} akkf likfyldlki e} ef losbqyefy lfgqkilkfy dbq hkejyhakfkdly} lf e f{oakq bd ilddkqkfy mbfilylbf}& Ly l} yhb{ghy yb ak yhk qke}bf yhey obikqeyk mbf}{osylbf bdqki wlfk hkjs} sqk}kqtk meqilbte}m{jeq* mkqkaqbte}m{jeq* efi skqlshkqej te}m{jeq d{fmylbf&

Lf eiilylbf yb qk}tkqeyqbj* gqesk} ej}b mbfyelf e jeqgk teqlky| bd efyl/bxliefy}* meykmhlf* kslmeykmhlf* efisqbefyhbm|eflilf}& Qk}tkqeyqbj l} oelfj| db{fi lf yhk gqesk }`lf* a{y sqbefyhbm|eflilf} eqk db{fi bfj| lfyhk }kki}& Qk}tkqeyqbj efi sqbefyhbm|eflilf eqk yhk oenbq mbosb{fi} sqk}kfy lf gqesk} qk}sbf}lajk dbqmeqilbsqbykmylbf& Gqesk} mef eyykf{eyk meqilem il}ke}k} }{mh e} eyhkqb}mjkqb}l} efi l}mhkolm hkeqyil}ke}k& Ly esskeq} yhey qk}tkqeyqbj efi sqbefyhbm|eflilf}* k}skmlejj| qk}tkqeyqbj* sqk}kfy lf gqesk} sje|e mq{mlej qbjk lf meqilb/sqbykmyltk ealjlylk} bd gqesk}&

Lf eiilylbf* {}k bd gqesk n{lmk ejbfk he} akkf }hbwf yb qki{mk ajbbi sqk}}{qk lf h|skqykf}ltk okf& (5;,

Yhk }y{i| we} sjemkab mbfyqbjjki efi ib{ajk ajlfiki* yhk gbji }yefieqi dbq mjlflmej }y{ilk} lf whlmhsh|}lmlef} efi byhkq hkejyhmeqk sqbdk}}lbfej} }yqbfgj| akjlktk&

Gqesk n{lmk he} ej}b akkf db{fi yb lfhlaly sjeykjky} dqbo }ylm`lfg ybgkyhkq efi dbqolfg mjby}& (54, Sjeykjky}eqk mkjj} lf ajbbi yhey hkjs lf ajbbi mjbyylfg& Hbwktkq* }ylm`| sjeykjky} mef hkjs dbqo ajbbi mjby} yhey mefyqetkj yb tk}}kj} lf yhk hkeqy* aqelf* bq j{fg}& Yhkqkdbqk* e fey{qej sqbi{my yhey lfhlaly} sjeykjky/ikqltkimjby} wb{ji batlb{}j| hetk hkejyh akfkdly}&

Dlfejj|* gqesk }`lf kxyqemy} hetk ilqkmy kddkmy} yb iljeyk ajbbi tk}}kj} (yhkqkdbqk jkeilfg yb jbwkq ajbbisqk}}{qk,& Yhl} bmm{q} yhqb{gh }ylo{jeylbf bd yhk flyqlm bxlik }|}yko& Yhl} {flu{k kddkmy bf flyqlm bxlikhkjs} yb kxsjelf oef| bd yhk meqilbte}m{jeq kddkmy} bd gqesk} efi gqesk }`lf& (57,

Okfyej Hkejyh

]ktkqej }y{ilk} }{ggk}y yhey mbgflyltk ikmjlfk (ikokfyle bq Ej~hklokq} il}ke}k, l} qkjeyki yb ikmqke}kiajbbi djbw lf yhk aqelf& Lf kjikqj| skbsjk wlyh ikokfyle* gqesk n{lmk mef losqbtk }ktkqej yk}y} bd okfyej}yey{}& (58, Yhk}k sqkjlolfeq| dlfilfg} }{ggk}y yhey }{ssjkokfyeylbf wlyh Mbfmbqi gqesk n{lmk oe|kfhefmk mbgflyltk d{fmylbf dbq bjikq ei{jy} wlyh keqj| okobq| ikmjlfk&

]yqkfgyhkf Loo{fk ]|}yko

B{q ob}y sbwkqd{j ikdkf}k egelf}y aemykqlej efi tlqej lfdkmylbf} l} yhk loo{fk }|}yko& Mbf}{osylbf bdgqesk n{lmk dbq flfk wkk`} }hbwki kfhefmkokfy bd h{oef loo{fk d{fmylbf a{y e sjemkab yqkeyokfy ilifby& Yhkqk wkqk 8; skbsjk whb seqylmlseyki lf yhk }y{i|& ]ktkqej oke}{qk} bd loo{fk d{fmylbf wkqke}}k}}ki bf kemh skq}bf efi ejj }hbwki kfhefmki jktkj}& Yhl} l} ef losbqyefy }y{i| lf yhey bfk mefye}}{ok ye`lfg e }{ssjkokfy dbq e mb{sjk bd ylok} e wkk` wljj ak e} hkejyh| e} qb{ylfk efi mbf}l}ykfy

mbf}{osylbf& (5


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QKI QE]SAKQQ\

QkiQe}sakqqlk}* e} ob}y dq{ly}* mbfyelf shkfbjlm} yhey hetk efyl/bxliefy sqbskqylk}& E} e dbbi mbfyelflfge fbtkj efyl/bxliefy mejjki kjjeglm emli* qe}sakqqlk} (efi ej}b sbokgqefeyk}, hkjs sqktkfy {fwefykiieoegk yb mkjj okoaqefk} efi byhkq }yq{my{qk} lf yhk abi| a| fk{yqejl~lfg dqkk qeilmej}& Hbwktkq* kjjeglm

emli l} fby yhk bfj| wkjj/qk}keqmhki sh|ybf{yqlkfy mbosbfkfy bd qe}sakqqlk}& Qe}sakqqlk} djetbfblimbfykfy l} ej}b wkjj ibm{okfyki& Yhk `k| }{a}yefmk} eqk u{kqmkylf* `ekosdkqbj* efi yhk m|eflilf/ae}kiobjkm{jk} mejjki m|eflilf/=/gj{mb}|jq{ylfb}lik efi m|eflilf/=/q{ylfb}lik& Yhk}k djetbfbli objkm{jk} eqkej}b mje}}ldlki e} efyhbm|eflf} (whlmh |b{ wljj qkokoakq e} aklfg losbqyefy mbosbfkfy} bd aj{kakqqlk}efi gqesk} e} wkjj,&

D{qyhkqobqk* qe}sakqqlk} mbfyelf yhk gqb{s bd }{a}yefmk} yhey gltk yhko yhklq qlmh* qki mbjbq& Qe}sakqqlk}'efyhbm|eflf} ej}b gltk yhk}k ikjkmyeajk akqqlk} {flu{k efyl/bxliefy sqbskqylk}* e} wkjj e} }bok efyl/olmqbalej bfk}* lfmj{ilfg yhk ealjly| yb sqktkfy btkqgqbwyh bd mkqyelf aemykqle efi d{fgl lf yhk abi| (dbqkxeosjk* yhk |ke}y Mefilie ejalmef}* whlmh l} e dqku{kfy m{jsqly lf teglfej lfdkmylbf} efi mef ak embfyqla{ylfg me{}k lf lqqlyeajk abwkj }|fiqbok,& Yhk| ej}b mbfyelf tlyeolf M* oefgefk}k* tlyeolf @*oegfk}l{o* dbjeyk (dbjlm emli,* bokge/= deyy| emli}* mbsskq* tlyeolf K* efi sbye}}l{o& (13, Ktkf wlyh ejjbd yhk qkoeq`eajk hkejyh akfkdly}* e m{s bd qe}sakqqlk} he} bfj| 4= mejbqlk}%

Lf eiilylbf* Qki Qe}sakqqlk} lfhlaly yhk sqbi{mylbf bd lfdjeooeybq| MBX/L efi MBX/LL kf~|ok}& Efyl/lfdjeooeybq| sqbi{my} jl`k la{sqbdkf efi e}slqlf ej}b lfhlaly MBX/L efi MBX/LL* qk}{jylfg lf yhk qki{mylbfbd self e}}bmleyki wlyh eqyhqlyl}* gb{y* efi byhkq lfdjeooeybq| mbfilylbf}& (15,

Ejyhb{gh }mlkfyldlm }y{ilk} hetk }hbwf {flu{k kddkmy} bf bfk }lfgjk mbosbfkfy kxyqemyki dqbo QkiQe}sakqqlk}* mbf}{osylbf bd whbjk akqqlk} he} akkf }hbwf lf }mlkfyldlm }y{ilk} yb ak obqk akfkdlmlej yheyye`lfg yhk lfiltli{ej sh|ybmhkolmej} lf yhk dbqo bd ilkyeq| }{ssjkokfy}& Yhk blj dqbo Qe}sakqq| }kki} l}qlmh lf Tlyeolf K* bokge/= deyy| emli} efi he} e }{f sqbykmylbf demybq (]SD, bd 1;/;3& Yhl} l} yhk qke}bfyhk blj l} bdykf {}ki lf }`lf meqk sqbi{my}& Dlfejj|* Qki Qe}sakqq| `kybfk} eqk m{qqkfyj| aklfg {}ki lfNesef e} e wklghy jb}} }{ssjkokfy lf e sljj dbqo efi e} ef kxykqfej seymh&

]{ooeq|

Qki Qe}sakqqlk} mbfyelf hlgh eob{fy} bd sbj|shkfbjlm mbosb{fi} (shkfbj}, efi }yqbfg efyl/bxliefy}}{mh e} Tlyeolf M* u{kqmkylf* efi gejjlm emli yhey dlghy egelf}y hkeqy efi mlqm{jeybq| il}ke}k efi egk/qkjeyki okfyej ikmjlfk& Yhklq efyl/bxliefy jktkj} eqk fkeqj| e} hlgh e} aj{kakqqlk}& Yhk d{y{qk bd QkiQe}sakqqlk} e} ef losbqyefy hkejyh eli wljj bfj| kxsefi lf yhk d{y{qk& Qki Qe}sakqqlk} eqk bfk bd yhk `k|]{skqdbbi} eteljeajk lf @|fl ]{fql}k

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Hkeqy Hkejyh

Sbokgqefeyk n{lmk mbfyelf} efyl/bxliefy} }{mh e} }bj{ajk sbj|shkfbj}* yefflf}* efyhbm|eflf}* efi oe|hetk efyl/eyhkqb}mjkqbylm sqbskqylk}& Yhl} okef} yhk lfhlalylbf bq qktkq}ej bd eyhkqb}mjkqb}l} (bq heqikflfgbd yhk eqykqlk},& Eyhkqb}mjkqb}l} l} yhk feqqbwlfg bd ajbbi tk}}kj} efi l} e oenbq mbfyqla{ybq yb mbqbfeq|

eqykq| tk}}kj il}ke}k efi byhkq tk}}kj il}ke}k}& Seylkfy} wlyh mbqbfeq| hkeqy il}ke}k }hbw mhefgk} bfyhk meqilbgqeo} i{qlfg }yqk}} yk}y} }{mh e} q{fflfg bf e yqkeioljj& Lf byhkq wbqi}* yhk feqqbwki tk}}kj}meffby sqbtlik kfb{gh ajbbi djbw efi bx|gkf yb okky yhk ikoefi} bd kxkqml}k&

Yhqkk obfyh} bd sbokgqefeyk n{lmk mbf}{osylbf qk}{jyki lf ef losqbtki }yqk}} yk}y efi jk}}kjkmyqbmeqilbgqeo mhefgk}& Yhl} bmm{qqki wlyhb{y mhefgk} lf meqilem okilmeylbf}* ajbbi }{geq*hkobgjbalf E5m* wklghy* bq ajbbi sqk}}{qk& (11,

Ajbbi sqk}}{qk l} ej}b qki{mki i{qlfg sbokgqefeyk mbf}{osylbf& Yhkqk eqk ywb sqloeq| qke}bf} wh|


6/14


4

sbokgqefeyk kddkmy} ajbbi sqk}}{qk> 5, Yhk kf~|ok yhey me{}k} hlgh ajbbi sqk}}{qk* feokj|efglbykf}lf mbftkqylfg kf~|ok (EMK,* l} ej}b lfhlalyki (1=* 19, a| sbokgqefeyk efi 1, sbokgqefeyk

n{lmk hkjs} sqbykmy flyqlm bxlik dqbo aklfg ik}yqb|ki e} likfyldlki i{qlfg qk}keqmh a| Iq& Lgfeqqb efi hl}mbjjkeg{k}&

Iq& Jb{l} Lgfeqqb* Fbakj je{qkeyk dbq hl} wbq` bf flyqlm bxlik (}kk seskq bf @|fl Flyqb DXYO

efi @|flFlyqb Xyqkok

YO, he} }hbwf yhey sbokgqefeyk n{lmk sqbykmy} flyqlm bxlik dqbo aklfg ik}yqb|ki& Yhkqkdbqk*

whkf @|fl ]{fql}kYO l} ye`kf ybgkyhkq wlyh @|fl Flyqb DXYO efi"bq @|fl Flyqb XyqkokYO* yhksbokgqefeyk n{lmk lf @|fl ]{fql}k

YOhkjs} yb `kks flyqlm bxlik wbq`lfg bf yhk meqilbte}m{jeq }|}yko&

(1;,

Lfdjeooeylbf

E }oejj }y{i| lf seylkfy} wlyh qhk{oeybli eqyhqlyl} (QE, }hbwki yhey sbokgqefeyk mbf}{osylbf qki{mkioeq`kq} bd lfdjeooeylbf lf QE seylkfy}& Yhl} mb{ji ak qkjeyki yb yhk efyl/bxlieyltk sqbskqy| bdsbokgqefeyk}& (14,

Yhb}k whb kxkqml}k bdykf }{ddkq dqbo o{}mjk }bqkfk}}& Kxkqml}k l} hkejyh| efi ef|yhlfg yhey hkjs}qki{mk o{}mjk }bqkfk}} wb{ji ak tkq| essqkmleyki& E }y{i| we} {fikqye`kf yb }kk ld sbokgqefeyk n{lmk}{ssjkokfyeylbf losqbtki yhk qkmbtkq| bd }`kjkyej o{}mjk }yqkfgyh edykq kmmkfyqlm kxkqml}k lf }{ankmy}

whb qb{ylfkj| skqdbqoki qk}l}yefmk yqelflfg& Yhk qk}{jy} }{ggk}y yhey }{ssjkokfyeylbf wlyh sbokgqefeykn{lmk eyykf{eyk} wke`fk}} efi qki{mk} }bqkfk}} bd yhk kjabw djkxbq& Ly }kko} qke}bfeajk yb }{ggk}y yhey@|fl ]{fql}k

YOoe| hkjs bfk qkmbtkq dqbo }bok dbqo} bd kxkqml}k& (17,

Bak}ly|

Sbokgqefeyk n{lmk ye`kf ielj| dbq e obfyh a| bak}k }{ankmy} me{}ki yhko yb jb}k wklghy whkqke} yhkmbfyqbj gqb{s emy{ejj| lfmqke}ki abi| wklghy& (18,

Byhkq

Qey* qeaaly heo}ykq* efi mkjj m{jy{qk }y{ilk} {}lfg whbjk sbokgqefeyk n{lmk bq bfk bd ly} mbosbfkfy}hetk }{ggk}yki yhey sbokgqefeyk oe| hkjs sqktkfy {jmkq}* qki{mk lfdj{kf~e (yhk dj{,* lfhlaly tlq{}k}*

losqbtk }`lf hkejyh* efi sqktkfy }bok }`lf mefmkq} me{}ki a| kxsb}{qk yb [T qe|}& Shbyb eglfg oe|ej}b ak ikje|ki bq sqktkfyki& Ilgk}ylbf oe| ak losqbtki efi hkejyh| aemykqle lf yhk lfyk}ylfk esskeq ybak obqk qba{}y lf yhk sqk}kfmk bd sbokgqefeyk n{lmk&

]{ooeq|

Sbokgqefeyk} mbfyelf sbwkqd{j efyl/bxliefy} yhey sb}lyltkj| kddkmy oef| }|}yko} bd yhk abi|&Sbokgqefeyk} sqbobyk hkeqy lf }ktkqej we|}& Eiilylbfejj|* yhk ]{skqdq{ly he} oef| byhkq hkejyh akfkdly}lfmj{ilfg yhk qki{mylbf bd yhk lfdjeooeylbf e}}bmleyki wlyh qhk{oeybli eqyhqlyl} efi ikmqke}ki bak}ly|&

MQEFAKQQLK]

Lfdkmylbf}

Mqefakqqlk} hetk e jbfg hl}ybq| bd sqktkfylfg yhk }ktkqly| bd {qlfeq| yqemy lfdkmylbf}& (1


7/14


7

d{fmylbf* efi qki{mlfg ajbbi sqk}}{qk eobfg byhkq sbykfylej meqilbte}m{jeq akfkdly}& (==* =9, Mqefakqq|lfykqtkfylbf} hetk akkf }hbwf yb losqbtk ql}` demybq} dbq meqilbte}m{jeq il}ke}k eobfg hlgh/ql}`sbs{jeylbf}* lfmj{ilfg yhb}k wlyh Y|sk 1 ileakyk}& (=;,

Lf bfk }y{i|* jbw mejbqlk mqefakqq| n{lmk mbm`yelj he} ej}b akkf }hbwf yb qel}k HIJ/mhbjk}ykqbj jktkj}eobfg eaibolfejj| bak}k okf& (=4, Lf yhk }y{i|* 1;3 oj bd mqefakqq| n{lmk mbm`yelj mbf}{oki ielj|}hbwki sb}lyltk lfmqke}k} lf HIJ/mhbjk}ykqbj mbfmkfyqeylbf}& (=4,

S{ajl}hki qk}{jy} ej}b }hbw yhey }hbqy/ykqo mqefakqq| n{lmk }{ssjkokfyeylbf l} e}}bmleyki wlyh e}lgfldlmefy lfmqke}k lf sje}oe efyl/bxliefy mesemly| efi qki{mylbf lf mlqm{jeylfg bxlil~ki JIJmbfmkfyqeylbf}& (=7,

Hkejyh| Ajbbi ]{geq Jktkj}

]lfmk mqefakqqlk} eqk f{yqlkfy/qlmh efi mbfyelf fey{qejj| bmm{qqlfg djetbfbli}* efyhbm|eflf}* efisqbefyhbm|eflilf}* ly l} yhb{ghy yhey iqlf`lfg mqefakqq| n{lmk mbm`yelj efi byhkq mqefakqq| aktkqegk} oe|fby hetk yhk }eok gj|mkolm qk}sbf}k mboseqki yb e sjemkab aktkqegk wlyh yhk }eok }{geq mbfykfy& Lfbyhkq wbqi}* yhk yhkbq| we} iqlf`lfg mqefakqq| n{lmk wb{jify me{}k ajbbi gj{mb}k yb lfmqke}k& M{qqkfyqk}keqmh mbfi{myki wlyh h{oef} }{ggk}y} yhey yhk sbj|shkfbj} lf mqefakqqlk} ib* lf demy* aj{fy yhk ajbbi}{geq qk}sbf}k lf h{oef}& (=8* = djetbfbli}(efyhbm|eflf}* djetbfbli}* efi sqbefyhbm|eflilf}, (99, efi e seqylm{jeqj| qlmh }b{qmk bd shkfbjlmsh|ybmhkolmej} lfmj{ilfg yhk shkfbjlm emli} (akf~blm* h|iqbx|mlffeolm* efi kjjeglm emli},& ]y{ilk} {}lfgteqlb{} oke}{qk} bd efyl/bxliefy emyltly| hetk qktkejki yhey mqefakqqlk} efi mqefakqq| sqbi{my} hetkeobfg yhk hlghk}y efyl/bxliefy mesemly| bd dq{ly} efi dq{ly n{lmk}& (95/9=* 9;/97,

]{ooeq|

Mqefakqqlk} eqk e sbwkqd{j fey{qej dq{ly wlyh o{jylsjk hkejyh/sqbobylfg sqbskqylk} ae}ki bf yhklq ea{fiefymbfykfy bd efyl/bxliefy}& Yhklq efyl/aemykqlej efi byhkq kddkmy} hetk jki yb e dbm{} bd yhklq qbjk lf hkjslfgikmqke}k {qlfeq| yqemy lfdkmylbf}& Yhl} he} kxmlyki }mlkfyl}y} akme{}k ld mqefakqqlk} mb{ji ak }hbwf ybolflol~k yhk alfilfg bd aemykqle lf yhk ob{yh bq }yboemh bq lfyk}ylfk* skqhes} ly wb{ji sqbtlik byhkqyeqgky} dbq mqefakqqlk}& ]{mh qk}keqmh l} m{qqkfyj| bfgblfg efi }kko} sqbol}lfg& Qk}keqmh he} ej}b}hbwf yhey yhk }eok efyl/bxliefy efi mhbjk}ykqbj okyeabjl}o kddkmy} bd yhk byhkq dq{ly} lf @|fl ]{fql}k

YO

eqk ej}b }heqki a| mqefakqqlk}&

WBJDAKQQ\ (GBNL,

Yhk Wk}ykqf wbqji bwk} o{mh yb yhk Mhlfk}k efi yhklq jbfg hl}ybq| bd fey{qej* sjefy ae}ki yqkeyokfy}&

Gbnl l} yhk obikqfl~ki feok dbq wbjdakqq|* e qki akqq| bd yhk deolj| bd sjefy} yhey lfmj{ik} yboeyb*kggsjefy* mhljl sksskq* efi sbyeyb& Dbq ey jke}y 1*333 |keq}* wbjdakqq| he} gqbwf wlji lf Mhlfe efi akkf{}ki lf mboobf qkmlsk} efi yqeilylbfej Mhlfk}k okilmlfk& Wbjtk} lf Mhlfe emy{ejj| dke}y eobfg yhkakqq|/jeikf tlfk} i{qlfg jeyk }{ookq ey sqlok heqtk}y ylok* sqbaeaj| yb }ybqk f{yqlkfy} dbq yhk wlfykq0hkfmk yhk feok wbjdakqq|&

Wbjdakqq| n{lmk} efi dq{ly} hetk bfj| akg{f yb esskeq lf yhk [] efi K{qbsk lf yhl} mkfy{q|& E} e qk}{jy*yhkqk eqk e jlolyki f{oakq bd h{oef yqlej}& Tlqy{ejj| ejj qk}keqmh he} akkf skqdbqoki lf olmk* qey}* ibg}*efi teqlb{} mkjj m{jy{qk}& Wbjdakqq| mbfyelf} }lgfldlmefy skqmkfyegk} bd e ie|} oemqbf{yqlkfy fkki} meqabh|iqeyk}* sqbyklf* dey* efi ilkyeq| dlakq& ]y{ilk} }hbw yhey 48+ bd yhk oe}} bd e wbjdakqq| kxl}y} e}


8/14


8

meqabh|iqeyk* 51+ e} sqbyklf* efi 53+ kemh e} dlakq efi dey* gltlfg e ybyej mejbqlm tej{k bd =73 dbq e 533gqeo (u{eqykq sb{fi, }kqtlfg& ]kki} mbfyelf yhk wbjdakqq|} oelf mbosjkokfy bd sbj|{f}ey{qeyki dey}}{mh e} jlfbjklm (bokge/4, efi jlfbjkflm (bokge/=, emli}&

Wbjdakqq|} hlgh mbfmkfyqeylbf bd olmqbf{yqlkfy} }{ggk}y} ly l} ef kxmksylbfej hkejyh dbbi& Yhkqk eqk 55k}}kfylej olfkqej}* 11 yqemk olfkqej}* 7 tlyeolf}* efi 58 eolfb emli}& ]bok bd yhk}k eqk mejml{o*sbye}}l{o* lqbf* ~lfm* }kjkfl{o* tlyeolf A1* efi tlyeolf M&

Wbjdakqqlk} mbfyelf ib~kf} bd sh|ybmhkolmej}& Yhqkk bd seqylm{jeq lfykqk}y eqk akye/meqbykfk whlmh l} eslgokfy lf bqefgk/qki dbbi} jl`k wbjdakqqlk}* s{os`lf}* meqqby}* efi }ejobf& Akye/meqbykfk l} losbqyefydbq }|fyhk}l} bd tlyeolf E* e dey/}bj{ajk f{yqlkfy efi efyl/bxliefy k}}kfylej dbq fbqoej gqbwyh* tl}lbf* mkjj}yq{my{qk* abfk}* ykkyh* efi hkejyh| }`lf& Wbjdakqq|} akye/meqbykfk mbfykfy skq {fly wklghy (7 og"533gqeo}, l} eobfg yhk hlghk}y dbq kilajk sjefy}& Efbyhkq l} ~kexefyhlf* ef kxyqebqilfeq| meqbykfblilosbqyefy e} ef efyl/bxliefy& Dlfejj|* wbjdakqqlk} mbfyelf sbj|}emmheqlik}& Yhk}k eqk jbfg/mhelf }{geqobjkm{jk} mheqemykql}ylm bd oef| hkqaej okilmlfk} jl`k o{}hqbbo} efi qbby}& Okyeabjl}o lf yhk lfyk}ylfk|lkji} }hbqy/mhelf deyy| emli} whlmh 5, eqk tej{eajk dbq hkejyh bd yhk mbjbf kslyhkjlej jlflfg* 1, kfhefmkolfkqej {sye`k* =, }yealjl~k ajbbi gj{mb}k jktkj}* 9, jbwkq sH* efi ;, }ylo{jeyk loo{fk d{fmylbf}&Sbj|}emmheqlik} ej}b il}sje| efyl/bxliefy emyltly|&

Lf sqkjlolfeq| qk}keqmh yb ieyk* wbjdakqqlk} oe| hetk sbykfylej akfkdly} egelf}y meqilbte}m{jeq efi

lfdjeooeybq| il}ke}k}* }bok dbqo} bd mefmkq* ileakyk}* sqkoey{qk eglfg* okobq| ikdlmly}* tl}lbfikgkfkqeylbf* efi j{fg il}bqikq}* eobfg byhkq il}ke}k} bd bxlieyltk }yqk}}&

Ejyhb{gh fby eiku{eykj| ikobf}yqeyki |ky lf s{ajl}hki qk}keqmh* e }|fkqg| bd efyl/bxliefy meqbykfbli}(sqloeqlj| akye/meqbykfk efi ~kexefyhlf, wlyh sbj|}emmheqlik} oe| oe`k wbjdakqqlk} ef kxmksylbfejj| qlmhefyl/bxliefy dbbi }b{qmk&

Olmqbf{yqlkfy} efi olfkqej} mboalfki wlyh `k| hkejyh sh|ybmhkolmej} jl`k meqbykfbli} efisbj|}emmheqlik} gltk wbjdakqqlk} qkoeqèajk f{yqlylbfej u{ejlylk} oe`lfg yhl} akqq| sb}}laj| bfk bd yhkob}y f{yqlylb{} sjefy dbbi} bf Keqyh&

]{ooeq|

Wbjdakqq| l} ef kxmksylbfej hkejyh dbbi mbfyelflfg meqabh|iqeyk}* sqbyklf* dey* ilkyeq| dlakq* bokge/=}*bokge/4}* efi hlgh jktkj} bd efyl/bxliefy}& Wbjdakqq|} akye/meqbykfk mbfykfy skq {fly wklghy l} eobfgyhk hlghk}y dbq kilajk sjefy}&E} e qk}{jy* yhl} ]{skqdq{ly oe| sb}}k}} oef| sbykfylej akfkdly} egelf}yil}ke}k}& Oe|ak yhk efmlkfy Mhlfk}k wkqk qlghy%

EJBK TKQE

Ejbk tkqe he} akkf qktkqki e} e fey{qej hkejkq dbq ikmeik}& Yhkqk l} }bok ktlikfmk yhey Ejbk tkqekxyqemy} oe| ak {}kd{j lf yhk yqkeyokfy bd wb{fi efi a{qf hkejlfg* olfbq }`lf lfdkmylbf}* }kaemkb{}m|}y}* ileakyk}* efi kjkteyki ajbbi jlsli} lf h{oef}& Yhk}k sb}lyltk kddkmy} eqk yhb{ghy yb ak i{k yb yhksqk}kfmk bd mbosb{fi} }{mh e} sbj|}emmheqlik}* oeffef}* efyhqeu{lfbfk}* efi jkmylf}&

Ejbk tkqe mbfyelf} 7; sbykfylejj| emyltk mbf}yly{kfy}> tlyeolf}* kf~|ok}* olfkqej}* }{geq}* jlgflf*

}esbflf}* }ejlm|jlm emli}* efi eolfb emli}& (98/;3, Ly mbfyelf} tlyeolf} E (akye/meqbykfk,* M efi K* whlmheqk efyl/bxliefy}& Ly ej}b mbfyelf} tlyeolf A51* dbjlm emli* efi mhbjlfk& Efyl/bxliefy} fk{yqejl~k dqkkqeilmej}& Ly mbfyelf} klghy kf~|ok}> ejlle}k* ejèjlfk shb}sheye}k* eo|je}k* aqei|`lfe}k*meqabx|sksylie}k* meyeje}k* mkjj{je}k* jlse}k* efi skqbxlie}k& Aqei|`lfe}k hkjs} yb qki{mk kxmk}}ltklfdjeooeylbf whkf essjlki yb yhk }`lf ybslmejj|* whljk byhkq} hkjs lf yhk aqkeìbwf bd }{geq} efi dey}&Ejbk tkqe ej}b sqbtlik} mejml{o* mhqbol{o* mbsskq* }kjkfl{o* oegfk}l{o* oefgefk}k* sbye}}l{o*}bil{o* efi ~lfm& Yhk| eqk k}}kfylej olfkqej} dbq yhk sqbskq d{fmylbflfg bd teqlb{} kf~|ok }|}yko} lfilddkqkfy okyeabjlm seyhwe|} efi e dkw eqk efyl/bxliefy}&

Ejbk tkqe ej}b sqbtlik} obfb}emmheqlik} (gj{mb}k efi dq{myb}k, efi sbj|}emmheqlik}>(gj{mboeffef}


9/14


mhbjk}ykqbj* meosk}ykqbj* /}l}b}ykqbj* efi j{skbj& Ejjyhk}k hetk efyl/lfdjeooeybq| emylbf& J{skbj ej}b sb}}k}}k} efyl/}ksylm efi efejgk}lm sqbskqylk}& Yhkhbqobfk} e{xlf} efi glaakqkjjlf} hkjs lf wb{fi hkejlfg efi hetk efyl/lfdjeooeybq| emylbf& Ly sqbtlik} 13bd yhk 11 h{oef qku{lqki eolfb emli} efi 7 bd yhk 8 k}}kfylej eolfb emli}& Ly ej}b mbfyelf} }ejlm|jlm emliyhey sb}}k}}k} efyl/lfdjeooeybq| efi efyl/aemykqlej sqbskqylk}&

Hkejlfg Sqbskqylk}

Ejbk tkqe }lgfldlmefyj| lfmqke}k} mbjjegkf }|fyhk}l} edykq ybslmej efi bqej yqkeyokfy& (;=, D{qyhkqobqk*Ejbk tkqe lfmqke}k} mbjjegkf mbfykfy bd yhk wb{fi e} wkjj e} mhefgki mbjjegkf mbosb}lylbf (obqk y|skLLL, efi lfmqke}ki ikgqkk bd mbjjegkf mqb}}/jlf`lfg& I{k yb yhl}* ly emmkjkqeyki wb{fi mbfyqemylbf efilfmqke}ki yhk aqke`lfg }yqkfgyh bd qk}{jylfg }meq yl}}{k& (;9, Ef lfmqke}ki }|fyhk}l} bd h|ej{qbflm emli

efi ikqoeyef }{jdeyk lf yhk gqef{jeylbf yl}}{k bd e hkejlfg wb{fi dbjjbwlfg bqej bq ybslmej yqkeyokfy he}akkf qksbqyki& (;;,

Lfdjeooeylbf

Ejbk tkqe ej}b lfhlaly} yhk m|mjbbx|gkfe}k (MBX/5* MBX/1, seyhwe| efi qki{mk} sqb}yegjefilf K1sqbi{mylbf dqbo eqemhlibflm emli& Yhl} wb{ji sqbtlik e }kmbfi okmhefl}o dbq ly} efyl/lfdjeooeybq|emylbf& (;1,

]{ooeq|

Ejbk tkqe mbfyelf} f{okqb{} lfgqkilkfy} lfmj{ilfg tlyeolf} efi efyl/bxliefy} yhey hetk akkf lfiltli{ejj|qkmbgfl~k} e} mbfyqla{ybq} yb oelfyelflfg gbbi hkejyh& Ly he} akkf qktkqki dbq ikmeik} lf sqbobylfg

wb{fi hkejlfg efi }`lf hkejyh& Ejbk tkqe l} efbyhkq ]{skqdbbi lfmj{iki lf @|fl ]{fql}kYO

yb sqbobykhkejyh efi wkjjfk}}&

FBFL

Lf jeabqeybq| qk}keqmh* fbfl he} }hbwf efyl/bxliefy* loo{fk/}ylo{jeylfg* efi y{obq/dlghylfg sqbskqylk}&Yhk}k qk}{jy} }{ggk}y yhey fbfl oe| weqqefy d{qyhkq }y{i| dbq mbfilylbf} }{mh e} mefmkq efimeqilbte}m{jeq il}ke}k& Oef| mboseflk} sqbmk}}* sqbi{mk* efi oeq`ky teqlb{} fbfl sqbi{my}0 fby ejj eqkyhk }eok efi oef| }losj| meslyejl~k bf yhk kddbqy} bd byhkq}&

Okoakq} bd @|fl} Okilmej efi ]mlkfyldlm Eitl}bq| Abeqi hetk akkf lftbjtki lf yhk fbfl lfi{}yq|tlqy{ejj| }lfmk ly} lfmksylbf& @|fl iqew} {sbf yhk }yqbfg }mlkfyldlm `fbwjkigk efi mjlflmej ba}kqteylbf} bdokoakq} bd yhl} k}ykkoki abeqi e} wkjj e} byhkq sh|}lmlef}* hkejyhmeqk sqbdk}}lbfej}* efi }mlkfyl}y}&

Yhk mbosb}lylbf bd fbfl l}* jl`k oef| sjefy}* mbosjkx& Yhk s{qsbqyki akfkdly} qksbqyki a| mlyl~kf} lf yhk]b{yh Semldlm l}jefi} whb hetk {}ki yhk fbfl sjefy} eqk wlik qefglfg&\ky }bok mbf}{okq} wb{ji }e| yhey ld e sqbi{my mjelo} yb ib ktkq|yhlfg* ly mb{jify ib ef|yhlfg&

Bfk we| yb essqbemh yhl} esseqkfy seqeibx l} yb }kk whey l} }mlkfyldlmejj| }loljeq akywkkf ejj yhk mjelo}oeik dbq fbfl& Okoakq} bd @|fl} Okilmej efi ]mlkfyldlm Eitl}bq| Abeqi kxeolfki yhk mbosbfkfy} bdfbfl* feokj| flyqeyk} efi flyqlyk}* efi iktkjbski e yhkbq| yhey flyqlm bxlik sqbi{mylbf* dqbo yhk flyqeyk}efi flyqlyk}* olghy ak kfhefmki a| yhk lfgk}ylbf bd fbfl& Ae}lm }y{ilk} bf kxyqemy} bd fbfl sjemki lfmbfyemy wlyh mkqyelf mkjj} yhey sqbi{mk flyqlm bxlik }hbwki ef kfhefmki flyqlm bxlik sqbi{mylbf& Flyqlm


10/14


53

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