sun gods and jaguar kni gs · i sun gods and jaguar kingsi visual aids 7 va #5 altiplano facts...

Sun Gods and Jaguar Kings

History-Social Science Standard

7.7.1.

7 California Education and the Environment InitiativeVisual Aids

California Education and the Environment InitiativeApproved by the California State Board of Education, 2010

The Education and the Environment Initiative Curriculum is a cooperative endeavor of the following entities:California Environmental Protection Agency

California Natural Resources Agency

California State Board of Education

California Department of Education

Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle)

Key Partners:Special thanks to Heal the Bay, sponsor of the EEI law, for their partnership

and participation in reviewing portions of the EEI curriculum.

Valuable assistance with maps, photos, videos and design was provided by the

National Geographic Society under a contract with the State of California.

Office of Education and the Environment1001 I Street • Sacramento, California 95814 • (916) 341-6769

http://www.CaliforniaEEI.org

© Copyright 2011 by the California Environmental Protection Agency© 2013 Second Edition

All rights reserved. This publication, or parts thereof, may not be used or reproduced without

permission from the Office of Education and the Environment.

These materials may be reproduced by teachers for educational purposes.

Lesson 1 From Riches to Ruin—Tales of Two Cities

None required for this lesson.

Lesson 2 Born in the Shadow of Mountains Masters

1 Political Map of Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 Satellite Image of Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3 Tectonic Plate Boundaries of Latin America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4 Mexico, Central America, and South America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

5 Altiplano Facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Lesson 3 From Tropical Forests to Icy Glaciers

6 Climates of Mexico, Central America, and South America . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Lesson 4 Hotbed of Biological DiversityActivity Masters

7 Ecosystems of Mexico, Central America, and South America . . . . . . . . . . . 9

8 Maya, Inca, and Aztec Regions—Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

9 Soil Retention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

10 Pollination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

11 Flood Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Lesson 5 Treasure as Tribute from a Rich Land

12 Provinces of the Aztec Empire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

13 Key to Tribute Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

14 Examples of Aztec Tribute Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

15 Aztec Numbering System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

16 Cihuatlán Province Tribute Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Contents

17 Tepecuacuilco Province Tribute Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

18 Tributes Paid by Five Aztec Provinces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Lesson 6 Development of Urban Societies

19 Tenochtitlán . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

CALIFORNIA EDUCATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE I Unit 7.7.1. I Sun Gods and Jaguar Kings I Visual Aids 3

VA #1 Political Map of Latin America

Political Map of Latin America

Visual Aid 1

Tropic of Cancer 23.5°

Tropic of Capricorn 23.5°

Equator 0°

55°Miles

0 500 1000

N

S

EW

Chile

Peru

Ecuador

Columbia

Venezuela

NicaraguaHonduras

El SalvadorGuatemala

Costa RicaPanama

Brazil

MexicoCuba

BelizeDominican Republic

United States

Bolivia

Paraguay

Argentina

UruguaySouth Pacific ocean

north atlantic

ocean

South atlantic

ocean

north Pacific ocean

GuyanaSuriname

French Guiana

4 CALIFORNIA EDUCATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE I Unit 7.7.1. I Sun Gods and Jaguar Kings I Visual Aids

VA #2 Satellite Image of Latin America

Satellite Image of Latin America

Visual Aid 2



Equator 0°

55°

Miles

0 500 1000

N

W

S

E


VA #3 Tectonic Plate Boundaries of Latin America

Tectonic Plate Boundaries of Latin America

Visual Aid 3

Antarctica Plate

Scotia Plate

South American Plate

North American Plate

Cocos Plate

PacificPlate

Nazca Plate

CaribbeanPlate

AfricanPlate

Miles

0 500 1000

N

S

EW


Mexico, Central America, and South America

Visual Aid4



Equator 0°

55°

N

S

EW

Miles

0 500 1000

Map Key

VA #4 Mexico, Central America, and South America

MExiCo

CENtRAl AMERiCA

SoUtH AMERiCA


VA #5 Altiplano Facts

Altiplano Facts

Visual Aid 5

Landform Description

Altiplano

this high plateau sits in the central Andes, at 11,000 feet (3,353 meters) above sea level. this area was once covered by a vast inland lake. it is now covered with a dense grassland that holds the fragile soil together with deep roots. the grass turns the bright, high-altitude sunshine into energy. Animals, such as llamas and alpacas, which produce highly valued meat and wool, eat this grass.


VA #6 Climates of Mexico, Central America, and South America



Equator 0°

55°

N

S

EW

Miles

0 500 1000

Climates of Mexico, Central America, and South America

Visual Aid 6

Tropical, Wet

Tropical, Wet, and Dry

Semi-Arid

Arid

Humid Temperate

Mediterranean

Marine West Coast

Tundra

Montane

Climate Types


Ecosystems of Mexico, Central America, and South America

Visual Aid 7

VA #7 Ecosystems of Mexico, Central America, and South America

Tropical Rainforest

Pine–Oak Forest

Tropical Dry Forest

Grassland

Wetland

Desert

Alpine

Chaparral

Temperate Rainforest

Tundra

Coral Reef

Tropical R

Pine–Oak

Tropical D

Grassland

Wetland

Desert

Coral Ree

Tundra

Chaparra

Temperat

Alpine

Ecosystem Key

N

S

EW

Miles

0 500 1000



Equator 0°

55°

Tropical Rainforest

Pine–Oak Forest

Tropical Dry Forest

Grassland

Wetland

Desert

Alpine

Chaparral


Tundra

Coral Reef

Tropical R

Pine–Oak

Tropical D

Grassland

Wetland

Desert

Coral Ree

Tundra

Chaparra

Temperat

Alpine

Ecosystem Map Key


VA #8 Maya, Inca, and Aztec Regions—Ecosystems

Maya, Inca, and Aztec Regions—Ecosystems

Visual Aid 8



Equator 0°

55°

N

S

EW

Miles

0 500 1000

inca

Aztec

Maya

Tropical Rainforest

Pine–Oak Forest

Tropical Dry Forest

Grassland

Wetland

Desert

Alpine

Chaparral


Tundra

Coral Reef

Tropical R

Pine–Oak

Tropical D

Grassland

Wetland

Desert

Coral Ree

Tundra

Chaparra

Temperat

Alpine

Ecosystem Map Key


Soil Retention

Visual Aid 9

VA #9 Soil Retention


Pollination

Visual Aid10

VA #10 Pollination


Flood Control

Visual Aid11

VA #11 Flood Control


VA #12 Provinces of the Aztec Empire

1

3

4

2

5

Provinces of the Aztec Empire

Visual Aid 12

Cihuatlán

Tepeyacac

Tochtepec

Xoconochco

Tepecuacuilco

Tenochtitlán

Tribute paying provinces

12345

Señoríos (tecuyotl)self-governing regions under Aztec rule

Provinces


VA #13 Key to Tribute Records

Agricultural Products

Bin of CornBin of Beans

and Amaranth Tobacco Smoking Sticks

Other Natural Products

Little Handful of Feathers

Large Handful of Feathers

Handful of Quetzal Feathers

Large Bundle of Feathers

Valuable Rocks, Minerals, and Other Items

Bundle of LimeObsidian War Club and Wooden Shield Copper Axe

Lip Plug of Gold/Precious Stone

Key to Tribute Records

Visual Aid 13


VA #14 Examples of Aztec Tribute Items

Examples of Aztec Tribute Items

Visual Aid 14

Cotton Cacao Beans

Amber Quetzal Feathers


VA #15 Aztec Numbering System

Aztec Numbering System

Visual Aid 15

Dot = 1 Flag = 20

Feather = 400 (20x20) Incense Pot = 8000 (20x20x20)


VA #16 Cihuatlán Province Tribute Record

Cihuatlán Province Tribute Record

Visual Aid 16


VA #17 Tepecuacuilco Province Tribute Record

Tepecuacuilco Province Tribute Record

Visual Aid 17


VA #18 Tributes Paid by Five Aztec Provinces

Tributes Paid by Five Aztec Provinces

Visual Aid 18

Province 1: Cihuatlán 400 bundles of red cacao 80 bundles of cotton 800 red spiny oyster shells

Province 2: Tepeyacac 12,000 bundles of cane 4,000 bundles of lime 800 deerskins 8,000 tobacco smoking sticks 1 wooden carrying frame 1 obsidian war club 1 bin of corn 1 bin of beans

Province 3: Tochtepec 2 gold headbands 2 gold beads 3 large green stones 7 strings of green stones 40 lip plugs 4 large bundles of feathers 8,000 little handfuls of blue feathers 8,000 little handfuls of red feathers 8,000 little handfuls of green feathers 100 pots of liquidambar resin 200 bundles of chiles 16,000 balls of rubber

Province 4: Xoconochco 2 strings of green stones 800 large bundles of blue feathers 800 large handfuls of red feathers 800 large handfuls of green feathers 800 large handfuls of yellow feathers 160 blue cotinga bird skins 800 little handfuls of quetzal feathers 2 lip plugs 200 bundles of dried chiles 40 jaguar skins 800 bowls for drinking cacao 2 large pieces of amber

Province 5: Tepecuacuilco 100 copper axes 1,200 gourd bowls 200 jars of honey 400basketsofrefinedwhite

copal incense 8,000basketsofunrefinedblack

copal incense 1 bin of corn 1 bin of beans and amaranth


Tenochtitlán

Visual Aid 19

VA #19 Tenochtitlán

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sun gods and jaguar kni gs · i sun gods and jaguar kingsi visual aids 7 va #5 altiplano facts...

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