Summer Science WorkshopCompound Machines

How Many Teachers Does it Take to Change a Light Bulb?Lynne M. Bailey

CSD 9 Title IIB STEM Grantlynnembailey@yahoo.com

Pre-Requisite

• If you did not complete the first simple machines workshop, visit www.edheads.org; click on Simple Machines, click Start and visit the House

• How do you learn? Visit http://www.educationplanner.com/ to find out – take the quiz

Agenda

• Paperwork• Introduction

• Protocols• Online learning style test• Objectives

• Review Work & Machines

• Activities• Analyzing devices• Exploring online activities

and resources• Reflection and classroom

application• Share-out

Introductions

• Paperwork done?

• Protocols – leave no tracks!• No food at computer stations please

What Are Machines?

• Devices that do work

• Don’t increase the amount of work done, but make work easier

• How? By changing the force, the distance or the direction of the force

What Makes Them Simple?

• Requires the application of a SINGLE force to work

Simple Machine Review

• Inclined Plane (Ramp)• Lever• Wedge

• Wheel & Axle• Screw• Pulley

Inclined Plane

• http://weirdrichard.com/inclined.htm • What simple machines are inclined planes?

Wedge

• What wedges do we use all the time?

Lever

• Bar that’s free to move about a fixed point called a fulcrum• Three types F – R – E

• First class lever – like a see-saw. One end will lift an object up just as far as the other end is pushed down

• F = Fulcrum in the middle• Second class lever – like a wheel barrow. Long handles are really the

long arms of a lever.• R = Resistance in the middle

• Third class lever - like a fishing pole. When the pole is given a tug, one end stays still but the other end flips in the air catching the fish.

• E = Effort in the middle

Wheel & Axle

• Rolling along – how would we transport without them?• Reduce resisting force by distributing it throughout the

wheel or axle, and therefore make it easier to haul loads

Screw

• What simpler machines make a screw?• What everyday machines use screws?• Online demo at

http://www.fi.edu/qa97/spotlight3/screwdemo.html • Archimedes screw at

http://www.cs.drexel.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/Screw/ScrewAnimation.html

Pulleys

• How Stuff Works: Block & Tackle (pulley)

• http://science.howstuffworks.com/pulley.htm

• Are there pulleys in the room?

Complex Machines

• Back to www.edhead.org; Go to Simple Machines and click on the Tool Shed for complex machines and complete the activity

• Let’s check out the Odd Machine next

Let’s Try This

• Go to Inventors Toolbox at http://www.mos.org/sln/Leonardo/InventorsToolbox.html

• Review the different kinds of machines• Continue to the Gadget Anatomy web page and

complete the activity there• Group activity: Sketch your gadget!

What is it?

• http://www.mos.org/sln/Leonardo/LeosMysteriousMachinery.html

What Do Machines Have To Do With Work?

What Is Work?

• Amount of energy transferred by a force• You are doing work when you use a force to cause

motion• Simply, when you cause something to move, that is

work • To measure the amount of work you do, multiply

the force times the distance the object moved.• Work= Force x Distance of object moved

Inclined Plane Work Example• W (Fd)= F x D

Work = Your Effort Force = Object to be movedDistance = How far the object is moved

http://home.earthlink.net/~dmocarski/chapters/chapter5/ch5page.htm

100 x 12’ = 400 lb X 3 feet

• Energy is conserved: Work Input = Work Output

Let’s Investigate

• Java required for this website: http://sunshine.chpc.utah.edu/javalabs/java12/machine/index.htm

• Teams conduct online experiments 1, 2 or 3• Worksheets provided for data collection

Constructing Devices

• These devices are often found in compound machines

• Gears: Jar tops, corrugated cardboard, pushpins• Belt Drive: Sewing spools; pencils, screws, or

dowels; ribbon, base, sandpaper; figurines and glue• Cam Shaft: cut wood, cardboard tubes, dowels, glue

guns• Find examples of how yours is used

How Many Teachers does it take to …• Design a Rube Goldberg machine• If time… or on your own … construct part of the

device you designed

Rube Goldberg

• http://pbskids.org/zoom/activities/sci/rubegoldberginventio.html#results • http://rube.iscool.net/• http://www.snopes.com/photos/advertisements/hondacog.asp• http://www.teachersdomain.org/app.cgi/search/run_search?terms=machines

Exploring Resources

• Web page at wikipsaces.com• Technoed.wikispaces.com • Check the blog, http://lynnembailey.edublogs.org for

updates or my website www.lynnembailey.com • What can you use in your classroom?• How can you apply this science thread in your

subject area?

Reflection and Share -out

• Written reflection of today’s workshopor

• Add a comment to the blog• http://lynnembailey.edublogs.org

• Questions?• Tomorrow’s workshop• Complete evaluation forms

Thanks for Coming!

Lynne M. BaileySTEM Trainer917.309.4361

lynnembailey@yahoo.com