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    Summer 2012 Volume 3, Issue

    Tina ieme Brown

    A Publication of the Maryland Native Plant Society

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    CONTACTS

    MembershipKaryn Molines, [email protected] EditorCarolyn Fulton, [email protected]

    Iris Mars, [email protected] [email protected]

    MNPS CHAPTERS

    CatoctinJim and Teresa Gallion, [email protected] Metzger, [email protected]

    Eastern ShoreLeslie Hunter-Cario, [email protected]

    Greater BaltimoreChrista Partain, [email protected]

    Montgomery [email protected]

    North EastMatthew Bazar, [email protected]

    Prince Georges/Anne Arundel CountiesMatt T. Salo, [email protected]

    Southern MarylandKaryn Molines, [email protected]

    Washington, DCMary Pat Rowan, [email protected]

    Western MountainsLiz McDowell, [email protected]

    EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

    Kirsten Johnson, [email protected]

    Marney Bruce, Vice PresidentLinda Keenan, Vice President

    Marc Imlay, Vice PresidentGinny Yacovissi, SecretaryMatt Cohen, Treasurer

    BOARD OF DIRECTORS

    Ken BawerMatthew BazarCarole BergmannMelanie Choukas-BradleyCris FlemingCarolyn FultonAlbert HartleyBrett McMillan

    Is Nothing Sacred?

    Cimicifuga racemosa! you proudly exclaim. Well, yes, says that smug fellow next to you, bunow its calledActea racemosa. Moans and groans all around. Lets face it: no eld trip would bcomplete without the know-it-all and the grouch. And not only are species names changing fromthe familiar ones in our decades-old Newcombs and Gleason & Cronquists, but whole planfamilies are being rejiggered in light of DNA and other evidence.

    Last spring, Evert Broderick of the Nevada Native Plant Society humorously dramatized thbreakup of the Scrophulariaceae (Figwort Family).

    No, Penstemon, please dont leave me! [Sob . . . !] Our family will never be the samewithout you!

    Yes, Scrophularia, I must go. I just dont t in here anymore.What about the Children?eyll be adopted by good families, where theyll feel even more at home than they

    did with us. And no doubt youll take in new ones to replace them.I cant bear the thought of never seeing Mimuluss dear little face again. No, Penstemon

    no!!! Please dont let our family split apart!! [Sob . . . !]1Of course, most of the Figwort species that have now been placed in other families did NO

    have their names changed. Penstemon canescens(Beardtongue) and Chelone glabra(Turtleheadhave simply been recognized as more closely related to members of the Plantain Family than tthe remaining Figworts. As Alan Weakley, Curator of the University of North CarolinHerbarium, explained several years ago,2 name changes occur for dierent reasons. In some casethe change is a reversion to an earlier name, correcting an erroneous oversight. In other instancea name change is due to the splitting of species that mid-20th century authorities had lumpe

    together. A number of those splits result from a current recognition that older authorities had right. Timothy Block, co-author of e Plants of Pennsylvania,3 commented in a lecture thaCronquist was an extreme lumper. e frustration many naturalists feel today about splitting because they grew up with Cronquist, but hes just one voice in the history of botany.

    Instead of getting grumpy, lets understand and embrace the changes. After all, they represenadditions to our botanical knowledge, and isnt that the very thing we desire? It wont be lonbefore well be out in the eld hearing the words, Gee, it looks like a plantain, instead of, Ilooks like a scroph. And well learn to appreciate the classication ofPedicularis(Wood Betony

    with the other parasites in the Broomrape Family. Over time, updated oras and checklists arbeing published. Of practical use in Maryland are e Plants of Pennsylvania, Alan WeakleyFlora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States,4 and the forthcomingFlora of Virginia.5

    page

    www.mdflora.orgP.O. Box 4877 Silver Spring, MD 20914

    Karyn MolinesChristopher PuttockGlenn RiceMary Pat RowanRoderick SimmonsGary SteeleLou Aronica, EmeritusJoe Metzger, Emeritus

    Marilandica Summer 2012

    A Publication of theMaryland Native Plant Society

    Letter from the President

    Dear Members,I read a lot of native plant society newsletters from around the country and Ive noticed tha

    presidents often start their letters with a comment about the weather. Something along the lines oHere I sit, snowbound, gazing at the wee sparrows pecking at seeds tossed from my feeder bfeasting squirrels . But this hot day seemed like just the moment to put together my thoughabout changes in plant taxonomy and nomenclature, a topic about which I hear a lot of complain

    So here it is. See you at the conference in September.~ Kirsten Johnso

    Scrophulariaceae (Figwort): Scrophularia, VerbascumPlantaginaceae (Plantain): Chelone, Gratiola, Limosella, Linaria, Penstemon, Veronica, VeronicastrumOrobanchaceae (Broomrape): Agalinis, Aureolaria, Castilleja, Melampyrum, PedicularisPhrymaceae (Lopseed): Mimulus

    1 Broderick, E., 2011, Divorce Taxonomy Style, Nevada Native Plant Society Newsletter37:3-7. For a readable explanatof the breakup of the Figwort Family, available on the website of the California Native Plant Society (cnps.org), seeOlmstead, R.G., 2002, Whatever Happened to the Scrophulariaceae? Fremontia30:2-22.2Weakley, A., 2005, Why Are Plant Names Changing So Much? Native Plants, 6:52-58.3 Rhoads, A.F. and Block, T.A., 2007, e Plants of Pennsylvania, An Illustrated Manual2d Ed, Univ. of Pennsylvania PPhiladelphia, PA, 1042 pp.4Available online or by order at www.herbarium.unc.edu/ora.htm.5Weakley, A.S., Ludwig, J.C., and Townsend, J.F., 2012 (expected), Flora of Virginia, Botanical Research Institute of TPress, Ft Worth, TX. To pre-order, see oraofvirginia.org.

    Modern Disposition of Some Traditional Figwort Genera

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    o

    Height: 25. Like most members of the mint family, bee-balm has square plant stalk.Habitat and Range: Moist woods and thickets, stream banks; Mainto Michigan, south along the mountains to Georgia (some authoritiesuggest the New England plant populations are garden escapes).

    Herbal Lore: According to Steven Foster and James Duke: AmericaIndians used leaf tea for colic, gas, colds, fevers, stomachachesnosebleeds, insomnia, heart trouble, measles, and to induce sweatingPoultice used for headaches. Historically, physicians used leaf to expe

    worms and gas. Marney Bruce observes that the common nambee-balm evolved from the plants use as a remedy for bee stings.Similar Species: Most apt to be confused with cardinal owe(Lobelia cardinalis). Cardinal ower has alternate leaves and its oweclusters are long and upright (not round). AnotherMonardaspecies

    wild bergamot (M. stulosa), is more common in Maryland. Itowers are lavender or pink. Fleming, Lobstein and Tufty list fou

    Monardaspecies in Finding Wildowers in the Washington-BaltimorArea and Carole Bergmann describes where she sees them in he

    travels: I see [horsemint]M. punctatamost commonly on the eastershore, but I have seen it in PrincGeorges County a few times. Ive see[basil balm] M. clinopodia severatimes growing in partial shade alonthe C&0 Canal in WashingtoCounty, but I havent ever seen a lot oit in one place. I have seen [wild bergamot]stulosamost frequently. I see both in sunny open somewhat drelds and along the edge of woods. think it tolerates poor clay soil ansomewhat rocky soil. Its very attractive to hummingbirds, butterieand bees.

    According to MNPS board membeteacher and author Cris Fleming: M

    punctatalls the open elds at Jug BaWetlands Sanctuary in Anne ArundeCounty in late summer. It is also listeon a MNPS eld trip to PineOrchard, also in Anne ArundeCounty, on Sept. 21, 2008. Criadds: I have seen a nice colony ofMclinopodiaalong the C&O Canal jusnorth of Violette's Lock in midsummerBlooming Time for Bee-Balm: June-

    September. Other Monardas alssummer-early fall blooming.

    ~ Melanie Choukas-Bradle

    MNPS board members Carole Bergmann, Marney Bruce, MatCohen, Cris Fleming, Rod Simmons and artist Tina ieme Browcontributed to this article, which was adapted from An IllustrateGuide to Eastern Woodland Wildowers and Trees: 350 Plants Observeat Sugarloaf Mountain, Maryland (Choukas-Bradley and BrownUniversity of Virginia Press).

    Oswego-TeaMonarda didyma L.Mint Family(Lamiaceae)

    he scarlet owers of bee-balm or Oswego-tea

    (Monarda didyma) appear along the wooded banksof Bear Branch on the lower slopes of FrederickCountys Sugarloaf Mountain in midsummer.ese vividly hued, strikingly tall members of themint family have been a favorite sight for artist

    Tina Brown and me for many years, and we had no idea how uncom-mon this wildower was in Maryland when we chose to feature it inWildower in Focus. MNPS board member Carole Bergmann,Montgomery County forest ecologist and botanist, observes: Ivenever seen Monarda didyma in the wild in Montgomery CountyParks. I saw it once on the Frederick Watershed property, but I rarelysee it in Maryland. West Virginia is where Ive seen it the most inrecent yearsthen always in moist, often partially shaded areas alongstreams and ponds. It is beautiful when you see it! MNPS vicepresident Marney Bruce adds: I agree

    with Carole. e only place Ive seen itin the wild, in just the circumstancesCarole describes, is up in centralPennsylvania. But what a sight! Wespotted this large red patch in thedistance in the woods and as we gotcloser it was this lovely stand of

    Monarda didyma in dappled sunlightnear a stream. Unforgettable! Had tobe a wild population since there wasno cabin or even remains of one formiles. Like Carole, MNPS treasurerMatt Cohen has seen wild plants in

    West Virginia, notably in the DollySods Wilderness Area in moist seepsin ltered sun. But as an avid andaccomplished gardener focused onnative plants appealing to wildlife,Matt says: I grow some in myraingarden where its been thriving foryears. e owers attract humming-birds, adding to their value andappeal. I planted bee-balm in mygarden several years ago and it seemedthat within ve minutes of blooming,

    a ruby throated hummingbird wasdipping into the owers!Flowers: Brilliant red, tubular, with 2

    widely divergent lips. Long stamensprotrude beneath the upper lip. Individual owers are each slightlymore than an inch long, surrounded by purplish or reddish bracts andborne in a showy round cluster.Leaves: Opposite, simple, toothed, ovate-lanceolate or deltoid-ovate,26 long; pungently fragrant, as many mint family leaves are. CaroleBergmann says: As a person who loves to use the sense of smell

    when identifying plants, I can say that allof the Monardas have awonderful scent!

    Monarda didyma L.Photo by Carol Bergmann, Inset by Carolyn Fulton

    Wildflower in FocusBee-Balm

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    Rosette ofArabis lyrata

    Lyre-leaved Rockcress

    Oak: e Frame forCivilization

    ~William Bryant Logan

    Leaves ofQuercus stellata,Post Oak

    Conservation Watch

    May 29, 2012Dear Councilmembers:

    On behalf of the Maryland Native Plant Society, I write to urge you to support Bill 16-12, the Tree-Utility Vegetation Management billproposed by Councilmembers Berliner and Elrich. We are a state-wide organization dedicated to promoting appreciation and conservation ofMarylands native plants and their habitats. A large number of our members live in Montgomery County.

    In the name of improving electrical service, Pepco has damaged or removed many large trees throughout Montgomery County. Obviously,dead or dying branches overhanging power lines need to be carefully removed, but Pepcos contractors have devastated the gracious tree canopyin many suburban and rural areas in the county. It is tragic to see huge swaths cut through the middle of mature trees, branches completelyremoved from one side of tall trees, and grand old trees simply felled to the ground. In a great many of these cases, skilled pruning would havesuced to save the tree and to protect electrical wires.

    Pepco managers seem to have no sense of the important benets provided by large trees, particularly native trees benets such as controlof air, noise, and visual pollution, moderation of climate, and control of water run-o. Frequent and carefully managed tree-trimming near

    power lines would have avoided the drastic devastation of trees throughout the county during the past year. We hope this bill will force Pepcoand other utilities to obtain permission before disturbing trees on private and locally owned property and will motivate them to provide moresensitive care of our countys public trees, thereby contributing to the health and well-being of all county citizens.

    Yours truly,Kirsten Johnson, President

    TREES AND POWER LINES: LETTER OF SUPPORT

    Rosette and bud ofSaxifraga virginiensis,

    Early Saxifrage

    is spring, many Montgomery County residents felt under siege asPEPCO crews inicted an extremely aggressive tree-trimming andcutting program. In response, Councilmembers Berliner and Elrichintroduced a bill that would impose more stringent reliability stand-

    ards for electric companies operating in Maryland and require themto obtain permission from homeowners before pruning on privateproperty. MNPS submitted the following letter of support. e bill

    was put on hold after the power outages from the June 29th storms.

    BOOK REVIEW ~ Oak: The Frame of Civilization

    In this extensively researched micro-history, William Bryant Logan traces howoaks and the people of the NorthernHemisphere (mainly Europeans) haveinuenced each other for millennia. In hishomage to Quercus, Logan cites worldreligions, literature, and natural history toshow how people and other animals usedoaks for food, shelter, ships, fuel(including charcoal), tanning, ink, (usedby the likes of Michelangelo) and barrels.He argues that balanoculturessocietiesrelying on acorns for foodwere amongthe most stable and auent cultures thehuman world has ever known.

    e reader learns the origin of dozens of words and phrases, allrooted in our relationship to trees in general, and oaks in particular.For example, we learn that swords and steel tools must be temperedin order to hold an edge. If it is too zealously grinded, the blade willlose its temper, ergo to apply too much heat is similar to having toomuch anger and losing ones temper.

    Logan examines the physical properties of oaks and how theseproperties have been used variously to our ends. e Vikings usedthe woods strength and exibility to build longships that moved asuidly as the water in which they sailed. Hundreds of years later, ayoung United States launched the USS Constitution. is sailingvessel was so fast and solidly build that it was formidable even to theBritish Navy. Logan argues that the British could not build ships thesame way because they had already depleted their oak resources.

    As a horticulturist, I nd the ideas of coppicing provocative. In orderto sustain an indenite source of wood, oaks were coppiced, or cut tothe ground, every seven to twenty-ve years. e cut-back treesresprouted and grew quickly to provide rewood, charcoal, fenceposts, and palings. Logan, a certied arborist, maintains that pruningtrees in this way actually prolongs the trees lives.

    Logan points out that it was no mean thing to be a carpenter in[medieval] Europe. In the great halls of European kings, carpenterssat with priests and merchant adventurers. We, like Logan, admirethe carpenter for being an intellectual, in the original sense of the

    worda person who puts reection into action.At times, Logan focuses a great deal of attention on technical

    carpentry jargonhow specic pieces of lumber were used in shipsand other structures. For those of us who are not carpenters, thissection can drag.

    One of the most appealing aspects of the book is Logans obviouslove for the tree. More than a catalog of oak trivia or a carpentershandbook, the book includes Logans reections on what hesresearched: e great thing about coopering and other crafts wasthat they occupied the brain, the hand, and the emotions, all at thesame time. ere was a resistance to the completion of the task, andthis had to be overcome by the craftmans know-how, a composite ofhis knowing, remembering, and actionthe simultaneous activity ofthe three might just be a requirement to become and remain a humanbeing. He writes longingly of our lost intimacy with the oak.

    Oak: e Frame of Civilization is a provocative read for the Year ofthe Oak. We invented a whole way of living out of [the oaks] fruitand their wood, and by that token, they too invented us.

    ~Christa Partain

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    At LastAn Entry Into Sedge Identification

    Ive been talking for years aboutlearning the sedges. Until the weekendof June 910 it was just thatall talkand no ID. But now, after spendingtwo intense days with workshop leadersChristopher Frye (MD State Botanist)and Wesley Knapp (MD Natural

    Heritage Program Regional Botanist), Ican condently say I have a clue. Orga-nized by the Baltimore Chapter, theSedge Workshop started with a Satur-day in the lab at Towson University

    with the benet of dissecting micro-scopes. After Chriss succinct introduc-tion, we dove right in to keying out thenumerous Carex samples they hadbrought along. We used the 1991Gleason & Cronquist key, recom-mended as the most straightforwardkey available even though the nomen-

    clature is somewhat outdated. Everytime we got stumped, Chris or Wes wasright there with help and encourage-ment. For example, when I had troubledeciding whether the perigynium I waslooking at was tapered or rounded atthe base, Chris brought over a species

    with a rounded perigynium forcomparison, and I immediately saw that mine was tapered.

    Sunday morning the group headed for the Gunpowder River(Hereford Area) to practice in the eld. I was initially worried about

    having to rely on a hand lens, but Ifound it easier than I anticipated. Weexperienced the triumph of success,and when we failed, our leaders werealways able to show us where we hadgone astray.

    e following week, Dwight and Itried out our new skills on sedgesgrowing at Robert E. Lee MemorialPark in Baltimore where Dwight is

    working on a plant survey for theNature Council. Some were prettystraightforward. Others not. Happily,Charlie Davis of the Natural HistorySociety was available to help. I hopethat in the coming months and years,those of us who participated in the

    workshop will develop enough exper-tise to contribute sedges to the compi-

    lations of species seen on MNPS eldtrips. Exciting and inspiring wasHeidi Pringles comment on the

    workshop. And she already reportsidentifying ve sedges collected at thesite of the May 2012 Howard Countyeld trip.

    Grateful thanks to leaders Chris and Wes, to Professor RolandRoberts of Towson University for making a lab available, and toBaltimore Chapter Chair Chris Partain for organizing the workshop.

    ~ Kirsten Johnson

    I haven't worked my brain that hard in years - or enjoyed doing it more! - Ann Lundy

    Leaders: Chris Frye and Wes Knapp

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    Coming Events

    BOTANY QUIZ

    1. is member of the Poppy Family has one of the largest and most striking owers of all our spring ephemerals. Its 8-16 petals are creamy white,and its single leaf protects the ower from wind.

    2. is spring-blooming plant is popular in gardens, but in the wild its found mainly on rocky clis and ledges where its red and yellow owersdangle gracefully, attracting hummingbirds. Later in the summer, the leaves are home to the larvae of leaf-mining ies (Phytomyzaspp.), whichcreate interesting whitish tracks while doing no harm to the plant.

    3. In early spring, the greenish yellow owers of this dioecious understory shrub appear before its leaves. When crushed, the leaves have a pleasantlemon-spicy odor. is is the host plant for one of the swallowtail butteries, and its fruit feeds birds and small mammals in the fall.

    4. Identify theMonardaspecies pictured here.

    September 2 ~ Sunday, 10:00 AM 2:00 PMCivil War Fort Sites in Washington, DC: Fort StantonLeaders: Mary Pat Rowan and Lou Aronica

    September 22 ~ Saturday, 9:30 AMNational Museum of the American Indian GardensLooking at the gardens on the grounds of the National Museum of theAmerican Indian, Smithsonian Institution horticulturist ChristinePrice-Abelow and a Cultural Interpreter will talk about the NativeAmerican planting techniques, ethnobotanical uses and the gardensoverall design concepts.

    September 30 ~ Sunday

    2012 Annual MNPS Conference Field TripsSeptember 30th field trips are part of the 2012 Annual MNPS Confer-ence, but are open to non-conference participants. Pre-registration isrequired. Register online at www.mdflora.org.

    Towson University Field StationLeader: Roland RobertsLocated along the Gunpowder River, the Towson University eldstation features a mixed hardwood forest and lush riversidevegetation.

    Robert E. Lee ParkLeaders: Dwight and Kirsten Johnsonis trip will explore the rare serpentine plant community ofthe park, located just north of Baltimore City. e walk will beabout two miles over rocky trails. Cancelled if there is rain.

    Marshy Point by CanoeLeader: Bob StanhopeJoin the rst director of the Marshy Point Nature Center for acanoe trip on Dundee Creek, known for submerged aquaticvegetation, tidal fresh marshes, nesting Bald Eagles and as anursery for the sh in the Chesapeake Bay. Canoes, paddles,and PFDs supplied for $10 each. Maximum: 28 participants.

    North Point State ParkLeader: Charlie DavisOver half of North Point State Park, Black Marsh, has beendesignated a State Wildlands. Black Marsh is considered to be onof the nest examples of a tidal marsh on the Upper Chesapeake

    October 7 ~ Sunday, 10:00 AM 2:00 PMCivil War Fort Sites in Washington, DC: Fort DupontLeaders: Mary Pat Rowan and Lou Aronica

    SUMMER & FALL FIELD TRIPS

    ese are the eld trips scheduled at press time. For up to date news of MNPS eld trips and activities please see our website, www.mdora.organd nd us at meetup.com. Unless otherwise indicated, MNPS eld trips are generally geared to adults. Please see the information provided forindividual eld trips, some of which may welcome children. If you have questions, feel free to contact the eld trip leader.

    A.

    Far left photo:Ginny Yacovissi

    Middle & right:Carol Bergmann

    B. C.

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    August 21 ~ Tuesday, 7:00 PM

    Western Mountains ChapterLocation: Appalachian Laboratory, FrostburgSpeaker: Stephen Keller, Assistant Professor of Biology, Appalachian Lab

    August 28 ~ Tuesday, 7:30 PM, doors open at 6:30

    Conservation of Serpentine Ecosystems: Soldiers Delight and BeyondMontgomery CountyLocation: Kensington LibrarySpeaker: Dr. Marla S. McIntosh, Professor of Urban Forestry,University of Maryland, College ParkSerpentine sites are inhospitable habitats for most plants. However,

    rare and unique species have evolved that are adapted to these globallyrare hotspots of biodiversity. Learn about the importance of thesefascinating ecosystems and nd out about international eorts toconserve them.

    September 19 ~ Wednesday, 7:00 PM

    New Pests and Diseases of Marylands ForestsBaltimore ChapterLocation: Irvine Nature Center, Owings MillsSpeaker: Bud Reaves, Forester and Arborist, Anne Arundel CountyPests and diseases are a normal part of any ecosystem. However, some ofthese pests and pathogens are newly introduced and pose novel andchallenging threats. Bud Reaves will discuss the new pests and diseases of

    Maryland's forests and tell us what steps are being taken to combat them.

    September 25 ~ Tuesday, 7:00 PM

    Native Oaks of MarylandMontgomery CountySpeaker: Christopher PuttockLocation: Kensington Library

    October 16 ~ Tuesday, 7:00 PM

    Western Mountains ChapterLocation: Appalachian Lab, FrostburgSpeaker: Wade Dorsey, Savage River State Forest Manager

    Coming Events

    MONTHLY MEETINGS

    Many MNPS members have thought of the monthly meetings in Montgomery Countyusually at the Kensington Library, Knowles Avenue, inKensingtonas the regular meetings of the Maryland Native Plant Society. MNPSs other chapters hold monthly meetings as well; all the meetingsknown at press time are listed chronologically. Please see www.mdora.org for details.

    October 17, Wednesday ~ 7:00 PM,

    A Bees Eye View of PollinationBaltimore ChapterLocation: TBASpeaker: Sam Droege, BiologistLook at native plants from the perspective of a key slice of life that istied to these plantsbees. Regionally, there are over 400 species ofnative bees and many are only found on the owers of specic plants.Why 400? Why not just one kind of bee? e complexity of color,architecture, and phenology of native owers is a clue to that relationship

    October 30 ~ Tuesday, 7:00 PM

    Oak Hybrids of Our RegionSpeaker: Rod SimmonsMontgomery CountyLocation: Kensington LibraryRod Simmons, current MNPS Board member and former Presidentwill share his knowledge of the hybrid oaks found in Maryland, DCand Northern Virginia.

    November 14 ~ Wednesday, 7:00 PM

    Winter Oak Identication WorkshopBaltimore ChapterLocation: Irvine Nature Center, Owings MillsSpeaker: Cris Fleming

    2012 is the MNPS Year of the Oak. is month, educator extraordinaire Cris Fleming will lead an oak-focused identication workshopwith specimens of twigs, barks, and fruit to help participants learndierent techniques of identifying oaks in winter.

    November 27 ~ Tuesday, 7:00 PM

    Oak Tree AnatomySpeaker: Richard MurrayMontgomery CountyLocation: Kensington LibraryAs an arborist practicing in lower Montgomery County, Richard ndthat 90% of his work with Oaks involves only a handful of species. Hewill prole these trees, revealing overlapping features of other Oaks an

    trees in general. Among other things, we'll investigate protection woodbranch attachments, and touch on bark and root elements.

    Answers to botany quiz: 1. Sanguinaria canadensis, Bloodroot. 2.Aquilegia canadensis, Wild Columbine. 3. Lindera benzoin, Spicebush4. A.Monarda punctata B. Monarda clinopodia C.Monarda didyma

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    Maryland Native Plant SocietyPO Box 4877Silver Spring, MD 20914

    A Publication of the Maryland Native Plant Soc

    pg.

    Become a member, join online: www.mdflora.org.

    In this Issue

    Letter from the PresidentIs Nothing Sacred?Wild Flower in FocusConservation Watch

    Book ReviewAt LastSummer Field TripsBotany QuizMonthly Meetings

    Special Insert ~ MNPS Conference

    1123

    34556

    Year of the Oak

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