SUMMER 2012

Exploring HEALTH CAREERS

• Doctor

• Physiotherapist

• Pharmacist

• Dentist

• Kinesiologist

• Nurse

• Counsellor

• Technician

• Researcher

• Veterinarian

• Occupational Therapist

...and many more professions!

Faculty of Medicine

Journal VOLUME 19, NO.1

MEDQUEST JOURNAL

A summary of research reports as submitted by high school students

who attended the 2012 MedQuest Program

Student Affairs Office Faculty of Medicine

Memorial University of Newfoundland

Summer 2012

Table of Contents Abstract i Acknowledgements ii MEDQUEST PROGRAM – Session 1 1 Acupuncturist 2 Public Health Nurse 5 Allergy Specialist 7 Endocrinologist 9 Behavioural Therapy 10 MEDQUEST PROGRAM – Session 2 12 Chiropractors 13 Otolaryngologist 14 Laboratory Technician 16 Athlete Trainer 18 Doula: Birthing Coach 20 MEDQUEST PROGRAM – Session 3 22 Community Health Nurse 23 Occupational Health and Safety 25 Rheumatologist 26 Nurse Practitioner 28 Naturopathy and Naturopathic Medicine 29 MEDQUEST PROGRAM – Session 4 32 Prostethist 33 Psychiatry 34 Child and Youth Care Counselor 36 Oncologist 38 Sports Medicine 40 MEDQUEST PROGRAM – Session 5 42 Radiation Therapy 43 Ultrasound Technician 45 Nuclear Medicine Technologist 47 Podiatry 49 Electroneurophysiology Technologists 51 MEDQUEST PROGRAM – Session 6 53 Cardiologist 54 Massage Therapy 56 Opthalmologist 59 Internist 61 Neurologist 63

ABSTRACT During the summer of 2012, 152 rural and urban high school students attended the MedQuest Program at the Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland. These eager students were interested in expanding their knowledge of health careers while meeting health professionals in the work place. Throughout the sessions of MedQuest, participants worked in teams and researched a health science career of interest. The main idea of the health science projects was to peak student interest and curiosity in careers and to learn that research can be fun. Projects were presented in a research forum at the end of each week and were judged on content, originality, and presentation. The students used a variety of presentation techniques including, role-playing, powerpoint and game shows. This journal is a collection of the team presentations and can be used as a guide to research topics of a health science nature.

i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Great appreciation is extended to those individuals who provided guidance, expertise and encouragement to the program: MedQuest Instructors:

Reegan Anstey Deidre Clark

Chris Earle Elizabeth Hann

Sinead Mercier Kaitlyn Stanford 94 volunteer health professionals, scientists, staff and medical students who participated in MedQuest. Thanks are extended to the program sponsors who provided financial support and commitment throughout. Government: Memorial University Career Experience Program (MUCEP) Health Care Boards:

Central Regional Health Authority Other: Can-Med Surgical Supplies Nalcor Energy Newfoundland and Labrador Dental Association Newfoundland and Labrador Health Boards Association Scotiabank, Churchill Square Branch

ii

1

MEDQUEST PROGRAM Session 1

July 2 – 6, 2012

Row 1 (Front L-R): Sinead Mercier (Instructor), Jacinda Saunders, Heidi Smith, Celeste Burry, Michael Barrett, Andrew Burton, Kellie Tapper, Renee Roberts, Shania Belben, Jessica Porter and Gift Echendu

Row 2 (Middle L-R): Emma Power, Emily White, Ahila Karunanithy, Luke Tremblett, Aaron

Burton, Manveer Khural, Charles Thorne, Kelly Pittman, Sannihita Vatturi, Latesha Roberts and Kaitlyn Stanford (Instructor)

Row 3 (Back L-R): Damien Reid-Byrne, Samantha Ollerhead, Shayna Vollans, Amber Jones,

Ashley Eason, Julia Collins and Amy Adams

2

Acupuncturist

Ashley Eason (Conception Bay South), Queen Elizabeth Regional High Amber Jones (Baie Verte), Copper Ridge Academy

Emma Power (Conception Bay South), Queen Elizabeth Regional High Latesha Roberts (Torbay), Holy Trinity High

Jacinda Saunders (Burlington), MSB Regional High Luke Tremblett (St. John’s), Booth Memorial

Acupuncture is one of the most common forms of Chinese medicine still used today. This involves sharp, thin needles being inserted into the body in very specific points. This treatment is believed to alter or change the body’s energy flow into healthier patterns and is used for a wide variety of illnesses such as nervous conditions, allergies, headaches, chronic pain and respiratory conditions. For those who believe the interruption of qi or energy through the body is responsible for disease, acupuncture is a simple resolution. Before the treatment can begin, the Acupuncturist will have to look at the patient’s medical history. Also, they will have to examine the parts of the body that will be treated. If the patient is determined fit enough to undergo the procedure, the Acupuncturist can proceed with acupuncture. The Acupuncturist uses very thin metal or stainless steel needles. They insert these needles into the specific acupuncture points in the skin. The needles need to be sterilized before insertion or they will use disposable types. These needles are left inserted into the skin for about 15 to 30 minutes and the treatment is usually repeated for multiple sessions. Acupuncture can relieve pain in the back, neck, knee and shoulder; can increase circulation, decrease inflammation, relief of muscle spasms, and weight loss. Acupuncture works for weight loss by targeting acupuncture points that will work to reduce cravings and appetite, and stimulate and balance hormones. There are risks to everything, including acupuncture. But remember, these risks and dangers are very rare, and Acupuncturists are trained to avoid them. One risk is nerve injury; this results from the accidental puncture of a nerve. Brain damage or stroke is also a risk; this results from very deep needling at the base of the skull. Kidney damage results from deep needling in the lower back. Another risk is the transfer of diseases such as HIV and Hepatitis through needles that are not properly sterilized. Although acupuncture is a fairly common procedure today, its effectiveness is not fully understood. The concept is based on the idea that all ailments are caused by disturbances in the flow of energy and this treatment is meant to restore harmony and fix these disturbances to “enable the realigned cells to unite with the cosmic energy of the universe.” (2010, Glenn D.Braunstein). This idea is hard to relate to modern science and therefore has caused a problem in medicine. There seems to be no scientific research to back it up so many people are skeptical. Studies have been done to try to either prove or disprove acupuncture’s abilities but it is difficult to evaluate just how effective acupuncture is. This is because the process involves many variables including the skill of the Acupuncturist and the patient themselves. Some

3

believe that acupuncture has a placebo effect and only works if the patient thinks it works. Although some findings support the effectiveness of the procedure, there is still little evidence to prove that it does so on a physiological level. Many studies that have been done in recent history, such as in the 1990’s lacked a well-defined control group and therefore were deemed inaccurate. Other research has shown that there is little difference between acupuncture treatments and placebo treatments (Tavola, Gala, Conte, & Invernizzi 1992). Overall, the data on acupuncture has been controversial, but many other studies have found that it is indeed effective and provides a drug-free way to relieve pain. It is said to improve post-operative or chemotherapy-induced vomiting and nausea and post-operative dental pain, hot flashes, low back pain, and migraine headaches. More research is definitely required, but it may be possible for this ancient art of healing to enter the modern world of medicine. You might ask yourself what education I would need to become an Acupuncturist. Well, there’s a simple answer to that question. If you decide in high school you would like to be an Acupuncturist you are recommended to take upper level Biology, Chemistry, Math and English. 1-2 years of post-secondary and a high school may be required to gain entry to the necessary program. In order to become an Acupuncturist you will need to graduate from an approved program. These programs usually take 2 -3 years to complete. After you have completed the program you must register to practice in your province. This generally involves an exam and having met the experience requirements. In provinces where acupuncture is not regulated, there are no strict entry requirements. To become an Acupuncturist the skills that you should have are things like great listening skills, communication skills, patience, compassion, good problem solving skills, empathy, and responsibility. Acupuncturists have to be trustworthy for their patients to relax and must have a steady hand to handle the needles safely. Since acupuncture isn’t funded under the public health system most people who study acupuncture open their own business, therefore they have to be responsible and organized. They also have to provide a safe, calm, and pleasant environment for the patients to be relaxed. Most Acupuncturists need to be able to stay calm under pressure and not get stressed or frustrated easily. Acupuncturists spend a lot of time being on their feet so it is best for them to stay physically fit. With the skills of an Acupuncturists and the right training they can go into other careers such as conventional or alternative health care such as sports medicine, gynecology or Japanese or Korean acupuncture. The environment that an Acupuncturist works in can be very diverse. It can range from a clean, comfortable and quite office that is run privately to more public places such as clinics, universities, and hospitals. With smaller surroundings, the Acupuncturist tends to perform all office duties or work with a larger staff often when the office is bigger. Working in a privately owned office gives you the advantage of setting flexible hours to work around your patient’s schedule. They usually work without supervision and are very strict with self-discipline. Working in larger surroundings such as a hospital is quite similar. You need clean, quiet offices to perform procedures correctly. They also need to able to work in a team setting and under the supervision of others. Those who are employed in these organizations usually receive salaries and benefits, while following hours set by the employer.

4

The salary of an Acupuncturist can depend on many different factors. These include years of practice, location and the amount of patients an Acupuncturist sees. The charge for their services, which can depend on if the Acupuncturist will accept insurance or not, and they state that they work and play a big role as well. On average, an Acupuncturist in the United States earns about $30,000 within their first year of practice. As they become more experienced in their occupation, they earn more money. From 1-4 years, an Acupuncturist earns about $39,770 - $40,016 between 5-9 years if practice, $50,800 from 10-19 years about practice and can roughly make up $92,000 with 20 or more years of experience.

Works Cited

• Sources: “the 1997 NIH consensus statement on acupuncture” • http://www.afcinstitute.com/AboutAcupuncture/HowAcupunctureWorks/tabid/74/Def

ault.aspx • http://www.slimmingbasics.com/slimmingbasics-articles/acupuncture-for-weight-

loss.htm • Article by Glenn D. Braunstein “Evaluating the Clinical Effectiveness of Acupuncture”,

2010 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/glenn-d-braunstein-md/evaluating-the-clinical-e_b_758343.html

• http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/psychology/health_psychology/Acupuncture.htm • Career Cursing

5

Public Health Nurse

Ahila Karunanithy (Carbonear), Carbonear Collegiate Jessica Porter (Conception Bay South), Queen Elizabeth Regional High

Kellie Tapper (Torbay), Holy Trinity High Shayna Vollans (Middle Arm), MSB Regional Academy

Emily White (Conception Bay South), Queen Elizabeth Regional High

What are Public Health Nurses? Where do they work? What do they do? Many people do not know the answer to these questions and they don’t understand how much work it is to be a PHN. PHN’s have very important jobs. They are hard workers who strive to get the job done and people look to them for aid and advice. They are trusted people who you can go to when you need help and they will accommodate your needs and help you get through it. Without PHN’s, communities and hospitals would be missing a key component of their workforce. Public Health Nurses work with individuals, families, and communities where they live, work learn and play to promote optional health and wellbeing for all. To become a Public Health Nurse, you must have a Bachelor of Nursing - which is a 4 year program. Requirements for this program include high school Biology and Chemistry, English 3201, Math 3204 or 3205, and a Social Science or Modern Language. The salary for Public Health Nurses range from $62,893 to $87,651. The salary differs by location, workplace, and overall experience. Public health nurses play a wide variety of roles within their communities. These responsibilities range from hosting a Healthy Beginnings Program - support for newborns, young children and their families, to providing Child Health Clinics. Some particular responsibilities of Public Health Nurses happened to come to our attention, such as support to new and expecting mothers. Public Health Nurses help by providing Lamaze classes, and also information to expecting parents on things such as local preschools and childbirth. They even help by explaining the birthing process. Advice is also given on the benefits of breastfeeding. Public Health Nurses may also work in schools within our community. Consultation is given to students, staff, and families dealing with medical conditions. School aged children are vaccinated in grade four for meningococcal, grade six for Hepatitis B (and for girls, Human Papillomavirus) and in grade nine for Tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough. Last but not least, an important part of public health nursing is to prevent the spread of diseases with infectious causes and are transmitted through human contact. By informing the public on communicable diseases, such as STI’s and Tuberculosis, the hopes are for prevention by early detection. Information is provided on counseling, testing and possible immunization. In conclusion Public Health Nurses do a lot for our community and the people within them. Theses nurses show people how to take care of themselves and for the ones that they love. Being a Public Health Nurses takes time, responsibility and care and if we didn’t have them our communities would be missing the major contribution they give.

6

References

• http://www.easternhealth.ca/OurServices.aspx?d=2&id=482&p=77 • http://www.easternhealth.ca/OurServices.aspx?d=3&id=480&p=4827 • http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/library/publications/year/2000/Public_Health_Nursing_

Manual.pdf

7

Allergy Specialist

Shania Belben (Torbay), Holy Trinity High Celeste Burry (Old Shop), Crescent Collegiate

Gift Echendu (St. John’s), Booth Memorial High Manveer Khural (St. John’s), Prince of Wales Collegiate

Kelly Pittman (St. Anthony), Harriot Curtis Collegiate Heidi Smith (Dildo), Crescent Collegiate

Allergy Specialists are highly trained medical doctors who go through special schooling to properly treat and diagnose the various types of allergies. An Allergy Specialist can also be called an Allergist or Immunologist. The schooling for an Allergy Specialist usually takes about 14 years. It is important for any Allergist to be well trained in the varied types of allergic responses that patients may have. Upon completing a bachelor’s degree in a specific science, an Allergy Specialist has to attend medical school. The first two years of med school usually involve classroom based study like Anatomy, Pharmacology, Medical Ethics and Law. The last two involve clinical rotations, where students receive hands on training in Family Medicine, Women's Health, Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Surgery. For their residency Allergy Specialists have an option to spend three years in a Pediatric program, or in an Internal Medicine program. In the USA, as of 2007, the average annual salary of an Allergy Specialist was $50,000 per year. The upper end wages are around $180 000 - $190 000. Allergies arise when our body's defense system begins to react to everyday things as foreign invaders. An example of an allergy is Allergic Rhinitis (also known as hay fever), which affects about 20 percent of people of all ages. It occurs when one breathes in what he or she is allergic to like dust, insect toxin or pollen. When one breathes in such things, the body reacts by releasing chemicals like histamine.

Histamine is a biogenic amine involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter. Histamine triggers the inflammatory response.

Some of the immediate symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis include running nose, itchy nose, throat skin or any other area. Symptoms that may develop later includes nasal congestion, memory problems, slow thinking, fatigue and irritability. Allergists treat this kind of allergy with different methods; the most effective ones are corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are nasal sprays that work best when used nonstop but they can also be helpful when used for shorter periods of time. There are many different types of allergies, so it is important to have specific Allergy Specialists. Allergic responses can vary depending on the type of allergy, therefore allergy specialists further specialize in different types of allergies like food allergies, skin allergies, asthma, eye allergies, etc.

8

Otolaryngologist- The common name for an Otolaryngologist is an ear, nose and throat doctor. They diagnose, treat and prescribe medicine for allergies that affect the sinuses and respiratory system after breathing in airborne allergens. For example, an asthma attack and hay fever. Dermatologist- They diagnose, treat and prescribe medicine for skin allergies. Skin allergies include hives, rashes, eczema, dryness and flaking. Bee sting allergies and the skin’s reaction to poison plants are also be treated by dermatologists. Allergist-Immunologists- Treats all forms of allergies and problems with the immune system. They often focus in a specific area such as Internal Medicine or Pediatrics. They can also treat autoimmune and inherited immunodeficiency diseases. Immunologist will apply the latest knowledge, techniques, and tools needed to not only determine what is causing the allergic problem but also how best to remedy it. Bibliography

• Howard, Mason. (N.D.).Types of Allergy Doctors . Retrieved from: http://www.ehow.com/list_6085833_types-allergy-doctors.html

• (N.A.). (N.D.) (Allergist / Immunologists: Specialized Skills. Retrieved from:http://www.ehow.com/about_5082666_allergy-specialist.html

• N.A). (N.D.)Overview of Allergists. Retrieved from: http://www.healthcommunities.com/allergy-testing/what-is-an-allergist.shtml

• (N.A.). (N.D.) Allergist / Immunologists: Specialized Skills. Retrieved from: • www.aaaai.org/about-the-aaaai/allergist-immunologists-specialized-skills.aspx • (N.A.). (N.D.) what is an allergy specialist. Retrieved from:

http://www.ehow.com/about_5082666_allergy-specialist.html#ixzz1zT8biADE • (N.A.). (N.D.). what is histamine. Retrieved from: • http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Histamine.aspx • (N.A.). (N.D.). Allergic Rhinitis http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

pubmedhealth/PMH0001816/ • De shazo Richard & Kemp Stephen(N.D.). Patient information: Trigger avoidance in

allergic rhinitis (Beyond the Basics). Retrieved from: http://www.uptodate.com/ contents/trigger- avoidance-in-allergic-rhinitis-beyond-the- basics?view=print

9

Endocrinologist

Andrew Burton (Baie Verte), Copper Ridge Academy Samantha Ollerhead (Main Brook), Mary Simms All-Grade Damian Reid-Byrne (Main Brook), Mary Simms All-Grade

Renee Roberts (Torbay), Holy Trinity High Sannihita Vatturi (St. Anthony), Harriot Curtis Collegiate

The endocrine system is one of the body’s main systems for communicating, controlling and coordinating the body’s work. Endocrinologists diagnose diseases that affect your glands. They know how to treat conditions that are often complex and involve many systems within your body such as the nervous system, reproductive system, kidneys, gut, liver, pancreas and fat. Endocrinologists finish four years of medical school and then spend three or four years in an internship and residency program. These specialty programs cover Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, or Obstetrics and Gynecology. They spend two or three more years learning how to diagnose and treat hormone conditions. Overall, an Endocrinologist's training will take more than 10 years. Some Endocrinologists focus on one or two endocrine system diseases, such as diabetes, pediatric disorders, thyroid, or reproductive and menstrual disorders. Others work in all areas of Endocrinology. Endocrine system diseases and disorders happen when one or more of the endocrine systems in your body are not working well. Hormones may be released in amounts that are too great or too small for the body to work normally. Endocrinologists also conduct basic research to learn the way glands work, and clinical research to learn the best methods to treat patients with a hormone imbalance. Through research, Endocrinologists develop new drugs and treatments for hormone problems. Almost half of Endocrinologists receive their income from a blended source (made up of two or more payment methods like fee-for-service salary, capitation, sessional, contract, benefits/pensions, on-call remuneration or some other form). Average gross fee-for-service payment report 2005-2006 per Internal Medicine Specialist was $297,563 not including account deductions for overhead expenses, taxes, etc. One of the most important features of the endocrine system is its regulation by negative feedback. This means that the glands within the endocrine system that stimulate the release of a hormone from another gland are eventually shut off, in a sense, so that too much hormone is not produced and a hormone imbalance is avoided. Some physical changes occur because of normal damage to cells during the aging process and genetically programmed cellular changes. The behavior and the characteristic of a person is largely influenced by the endocrine system. Yoga can aid in the treatment of same endocrine disorders by bringing harmony and balancing hormones. As people age there is a decrease in terms of secretions from the exocrine system.

10

Behavioral Therapy

Amy Adams (Rocky Harbour), Gros Morne Academy Michael Barrett (St. John’s), St. Bonaventure’s College

Aaron Burton (Baie Verte), Copper Ridge Academy Julia Collins (Mount Pearl), O’Donel High School

Charles Thorne (Mount Pearl), O’Donel High School

Behaviorism is the theory that all behavior is learnt from the environment, and our behavioral patterns are acquired through classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning is what explains almost all aspects of human psychology; it involves learning by association and is usually linked to the cause of most phobias. It focuses on involuntary or “automatic” behaviors that can be considered reflexes. Operant conditioning is the common method of behavior modification used by Behavioral Therapists and involves learning by either reinforcement (e.g. rewards) or punishment to fix “bad” or unwanted behaviors. The main premise of Behavioral Therapy is that if a behavior is learnt, it can also be unlearned. Cognitive Therapy (CT) or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) was pioneered by Dr. Aaron Temkin Beck in the 1960s while he was working as a Psychiatrist at the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Beck had studied and practiced psychoanalysis, and began designing experiments to test psychoanalytic concepts of depression. However, his findings did not match the concepts, and he was surprised to find that patients with depression seemed to experience streams of negative thoughts that arose spontaneously. He called these “automatic thoughts” and found that patient’s negative views fell into categories about themselves, the world and/or the future. When Dr. Beck began assessing these automatic thoughts, he was able to help the patients have a more realistic view of their lives. Today, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy has been proven to effectively treat many disorders, including, but not limited to Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Attention Deficit/Hyperactive Disorder (ADD/ADHD), Enuresis (bed wetting), Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Separation Anxiety Disorder, and numerous Phobias. A couple of examples of Behavior Therapy (sometimes also called behavior modification) are systematic desensitization and aversion therapy. Systematic desensitization is the elimination or reduction of natural or acquired reactivity or sensitivity to an external stimulus such as an allergen, and aversion therapy involves asking a patient to think of or take part in the behavior they enjoy while at the same time being exposed to something unpleasant such as a bad taste or smell – this is often used for people with bad habits or an addiction. Most Behavioral Therapists today are Psychologists, Psychiatrists, Certified Psychiatric Social Workers and students working toward their doctoral degrees, among others. All therapists are required to have a minimum of a master’s degree and a state license (U.S.), and therapists who wish to specialize in behavioral or cognitive behavioral therapy must undergo further education, and may also do additional training under an experienced Behavioral Therapist. Career opportunities for a Behavioral Therapist include running a private practice or working for a school or other organization. In terms of pay, salary varies depending on whether somebody decides to run their own practice, where they could charge a per-visit fee, or work for a school district or other organization, where they would be given a fixed salary. According to the Simply Hired and Salary Expert

11

websites as of 2012, salaries for a Behavioral Therapist range from $36,000 to $77,000 annually. Resources

• http://education-portal.com • http://nursingplanet.com • http://netdoctor.co.uk

12

MEDQUEST PROGRAM Session 2

July 9 – 13, 2012

Row 1 (Front L-R): Deirdre Clark (Instructor) and Shania Payne Row 2 (Middle L-R): Natalie Dempster, Kayla Petten, Danielle St. Croix, Emily Morgan, Janella

Bowers, Cecilia Critch, Cassandra McGrath, Alyson Roberts, Sarah Mallay, Alexander Jessome and Crystal Simms

Row 3 (Back L-R): Kristin Bursey, Jessica Pelley, Jenna Smith, Kathryn House, Julia Reardon,

Robyn Bungay, Olivia Loveless, Reegan Anstey (Instructor), Kristen Piercey, Shelby Parsons, Sarah Kingsley, James Specker and Yaneesh Jerath

Missing from photo: Shelby Kennedy

13

Chiropractors

Cecilia Critch (La Scie), Cape John Collegiate Sarah Mallay (Paradise), St. Bonaventure’s College Jessica Pelley (Corner Brook), Corner Brook High

Kayla Petten (Baraneed), Ascension Collegiate Alyson Roberts (Hermitage), John Watkins Academy

Chiropractors are defined as people that treat and diagnose disorders of the spine and body joints by adjusting the spinal column and using other corrective manipulation. They provide their patients with corrective lifestyle, exercise and nutrition treatments to lead to a healthier life for the patient. Chiropractors can treat all ages, from babies to seniors. A student wishing to become a Chiropractor is required to complete a minimum of three years of university before they are eligible for admission to the CMCC accredited program. Around 90 per cent of students entering the CMCC program have completed a graduate degree. Once in the profession, a Chiropractor works in many different settings such as hospitals, clinics and schools. Because of this, the salary will differ between each. The lowest salary starts at $33 000 per year, with the highest salary reaching about $151 000 per year. The types of patients a Chiropractor will treat are people who have headaches, back pain, and neck pain, people who have been in motor vehicle accidents, people with Scoliosis (curving of the spine), and those with sports related injuries. Today there are approximately 50,000 Chiropractors in the United States - 10,000 in Japan - 5,000 in Canada - 2,500 in Australia - 1,000 in the U.K. - and 100-500 in each of Belgium, Denmark, France, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, New Zealand, South Africa, and The Netherlands. The Chiropractor profession is one of the largest growing sectors of health care, and is very important in maintaining health in our society.

Source

• http://www.chiropractic.on.ca/ChiropracticCare/VisitingaChiropractor.aspx

14

Otolaryngologist

Natalie Dempster (Charlottetown), William Gillett Academy Olivia Loveless (Hermitage), John Watkins Academy Shania Payne (Harbour Round), Cape John Collegiate Kristin Piercey (Corner Brook), Templeton Academy Julia Reardon (Lewisporte), Lewisporte Collegiate

ENT stands for ears, nose, and throat doctor, which is also known as an Otolaryngologist. An Otolaryngologist is a doctor who specializes in issues surrounding the general area of ears, nose, throat, and all that comes between. In this profession, the specialist provides the diagnosis and treatment for these problems regarding these areas, which covers otology, neurology, rhinology, sinus disease, laryngology, plastic surgery, cancers of the head and neck, allergies, etc.

These ENT specialists do a variety of things to ensure the utmost of care and consideration in their patients, because not only do they see patients in the beginning prior to the treatment process, to assess them and figure out the root of their scenario, but they also explore the most beneficial route of medication, surgery, etc. for them and consider the pros and cons of what they’ve suggested necessary to help prevent further damage to the problematic bodily function of the head, neck, nose, and throat. In addition to this prior and during involvement, these dedicated specialists have also taken on the responsibility and training required to do follow-ups and provide medical assistance post recovery and diagnoses, which proves this to be a high involvement profession that means these doctors have to have the necessary social skills to get to know their patients not only physically but mentally, their cares or concerns, because the patient is undeniably long term.

Lowest Reported Average Reported Highest Reported

$194000 $311000 $516000

Also for ENT’s doing their residency they can make on an average of $50,000 a year.

For someone who wishes to have a career as an ear, nose, and throat doctor, there are certain attributes they should have or develop that would make them best fit the career. For example, being able to handle challenges well (especially under pressure), have much anatomical knowledge, technical skill, to be analytical and an eye for detail, and be patient and precise. ENTs encounter many different cases and situations on a day-to-day basis so they must always be ready to switch gears. One patient they could be dealing with disorders of the thyroid/parathyroid glands while another could be a child with breathing problems, so an ENT never knows what to expect.

15

To become an ENT specialist you need a one year course in General Surgery and a four year course in Otolaryngology. Most people going into this field start their education with a Bachelor of Science but those who start with a Bachelor of Arts can also be accepted into some medical school courses.

An Otolaryngologist treats diseases and disorders or the ears, nose, and throat. This particular specialty of medicine - commonly known as ENT (ears, nose, throat) - has eight sub-divisions of expertise, including allergy, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, head and neck, laryngology (disorders of the throat), otology (diseases of the ear), pediatric otolaryngology, rhinology (disorders of the nose), and sleep disorders. An Otolaryngologist is the most qualified, and therefore the most appropriate doctor to treat diseases and disorders of the ears, nose, and throat. This specialty doctor is the doctor you’ll visit for problems such as hearing loss, ear infections, cranial nerve disorders, allergies, nasal obstruction, facial reconstruction, and diseases of the throat and larynx. An ENT specialist may spend their day doing rounds at the hospital or own a private practice. With over one million adults in Canada reporting hearing loss, Otolaryngologists are very beneficial to the medical practice.

Bibliography

• http://careers.stateuniversity.com/pages/7845/Ear-Nose-and-Throat-Specialist.html • http://www.entnet.org/HealthInformation/otolaryngologist.cfm • http://www.thfc.ca/cms/en/KeyStatistics/KeyStatistics.aspx?menuid=87 • http://www.netwellness.org/healthtopics/ent/more.cfm?categoryid=10 • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/esophagealcancer.html#cat22 • http://www.entcanada.org/public2/patient1.asp • http://www.fmshk.org/database/articles/004mb3.pdf • http://www.studentdoc.com/ear-nose-throat-salary.html • http://www.glassdoor.com/Salaries/otolaryngology-resident-salary-SRCH_KO0,23.htm • http://www.fmshk.org/database/articles/004mb3.pdf

16

Laboratory Technician

Cassandra McGrath (Dunville), Laval High School Emily Morgan (La Scie), Cape John Collegiate

Crystal Simms (Sandyville), John Watkins Academy Jenna Smith (Lewisporte), Lewisporte Collegiate

James Specker (Corner Brook), Templeton Academy

Laboratory Technicians are a very important part of the medical field. They are found in many places, such as hospitals, private sector medical laboratories, doctors’ offices, pharmaceutical firms, research institutes, and even some work in police forensic labs. There are also different types of Laboratory Technicians, such as Dental, Chemist, and the most common, Medical. What’s appealing about this job is that it can suit different types of personalities, for there are many types of sectors, and places to work in. Also, the hours of work of this job are pretty much regular work hours, starting off part-time at 20 hours a week, and later on 35-45 hours a week, which is great for balancing your personal and work life. Laboratory Technicians have a very broad contribution to the medical field. They tend to hold various essential responsibilities that contribute significantly to the many aspects of this particular field. They provide a large portion of aid to both doctors and medical practitioners through a variety of efforts such as providing the technical support to allow the laboratory to work effectively, as well as aiding in the diagnosis of a patient. In addition, Laboratory Technicians hold the responsibility of conducting routine tests such as blood and urine, as well as analyzing the result, and using their problem-solving skills to diagnose. The line of work of a Laboratory Technician plays a very important role in the foundation stages of research and development, as they are faced with new problems and complications day after day. It is the skills that Laboratory Technicians must be equipped with that enable them to accomplish the tasks that evidently contribute to the medical field. For students thinking about pursuing a career as a Laboratory Technician, it is efficient to have a familiar idea about the courses Chemistry, Biology, and Mathematics in high school. Also, an entry-level job for Laboratory Technicians usually requires a bachelor's degree in medical technology, biology or life sciences. The importance of a Laboratory Technician in a hospital is to help detect diseases in the human body. This is essential, and helps doctors tremendously by recognizing and providing them information about the disease present in a patient. Also by preparing diagnosis and treatment for the disease, it results in a huge contribution to saving the life of a patient. Lab Technicians spend most of their time performing tests in the lab which is self-explanatory so most of their work is done independently. However, they do interact with other medical professionals within a hospital to get the data that they are required to test. Depending on the type of lab tech the type of things they have to process or analyze will vary. Three possible specific working areas are in clinical health care, environment and public care and chemical and

17

pharmaceutical industry. Lab Technicians who work in the clinical health care sector test blood, tissue or bone requiring them to work with doctors and their patients. A Laboratory Technician’s Salary falls in between $30,000 to $60,000 a year. This range of salary is the result of the employer, the experience the Laboratory Technician has and the training he/she has received. Bibliography

• http://www.healthtrainingguide.com/clinical-laboratory-technologist/ • www.careercruising.com • http://www.prospects.ac.uk/scientific_laboratory_technician_job_description.htm • http://www.defencejobs.gov.au/airforce/jobs/LaboratoryTechnician/JobDetails/

18

Athlete Trainer

Kristin Bursey (Lewisporte), Lewisporte Collegiate Yaneesh Jerath (Holyrood), St. Bonaventure’s College

Alexander Jessome (Conception Bay South), Gonzaga High Sarah Kingsley (Corner Brook), Corner Brook High

Danielle St. Croix (Spaniards Bay), Ascension Collegiate An Athletic Trainer is a certified health care professional who practices in the field of sports medicine. As such, they play a vital role ensuring that sports activities are performed in safe and effective manner. Their responsibilities include such varied ones as the risk management and injury prevention, orthopedic examination, and the pathology of injuries obtained in sports-related incidents. From a psychological aspect, they are also essential for mentally preparing an athlete for the stresses involved in participating in sports. In many cases, an individual will go to their Athletic Trainer for an initial assessment prior to going to a doctor, providing them with the information that is most crucial to mention to their doctor. They often deal with a wide variety of ailments and people, and so their occupation necessitates having detailed knowledge of physiology, as well as good social skills. Specifically, an Athletic Trainer requires a Bachelor's Degree from an undergraduate program as approved by the Canadian Athletic Therapists Association (C.A.T.A.) Whilst there are many bachelor's degrees that may be used, many often study Kinesiology due to its relevance to not only the human body, but its use in sports and related activities. The graduate must then complete an internship of 1200 hours under the supervision of a certified Athletic Trainer, which involves the application of practical skills such as injury recognition and sports-related counseling. A comprehensive exam, consisting of both a written and practical component must be completed at the end of the internship. The written component is comprised of 200 single-answer questions, whereas the practical skills component involves field-based (urgent care, non-urgent care, sideline return-to-play care and support techniques), as well as clinically-based work (Orthopedic Physical Assessment and Rehabilitation Modality Application). Once you have become a Certified Athletic Trainer, you may begin working for a full salary, with Athletic Trainers typically having an average salary of $41,600. This may, however, go as high as $64,400 per year, with the salary itself often varying based on where the Athletic Trainer works. Their potential work settings are as varied as high schools, fitness centers, and universities, as well as more specialized areas such as physiotherapy clinics. In addition, employment of Athletic Trainers has been increasing since 2010, and is projected to continue to as much as 30% 2020, especially in school settings, due to an increased awareness of childhood sports injuries. As aforementioned, strong social skills are essential for being an Athletic Trainer. It is crucial that a Trainer is able to work together with other Healthcare Professionals in order to provide the best evaluation and treatment possible. Furthermore, being able to clearly and concisely inform an individual as suited to their experience level and knowledge base is a very important skill for an Athletic Trainer, as they will often deal with individuals are poorly informed with the

19

nuances of athletic practices, techniques etc. While a very rewarding career, it is not without risks. Demonstration of athletic skills or practices may be required in certain instances, and frequent demonstration may result in a degree of injury or strain on the trainer in question. As such, it is of the utmost importance that they not only ensure the health and athleticism of others, but also of themselves. For anyone who wants to partake in the wellness and treatment of others, with a strong focus on sporting technique, performance, and practice, Athletic Trainer is a fantastic career choice.

20

Doula: Birthing Coach

Janella Bowers (Churchill Falls), Eric G. Lambert School Robyn Bungay (Seal Cove, Fortune Bay), John Watkins Academy

Kathryn House (Lewisporte), Lewisporte Collegiate Shelby Kennedy (St. John’s), Waypoints Program

Shelby Parsons (Corner Brook), Templeton Academy

When people often think about labor, they think about the doctors, and the medication that goes along with it. Rarely do people realize the large amount of physical and most of all emotional pressure that is placed on the mother-to-be and her partner during the pregnancy and labor. A Doula is a woman, and on rare occasion a man, who is paid to act as a moral supporter of a mother-to-be and her partner before and after the pregnancy. Although not many people have heard of, or actually met a Doula they are a very important part of the birth of a child in many countries around the world. They are well trained and support a normal lifestyle with their salaries. They work with many different kinds of people in different stages of their lives, from their first child to their fifth. They are not meant to replace the support of family and partners, but instead act as an additional support from an educated third party standpoint. Their knowledge of pregnancy and birthing make them the perfect addition to a smooth healthy pregnancy so that the mother can focus on the experience of bringing life into the world. Doulas are helpful in many ways before and after pregnancy. There are two types of Doulas, birth and postpartum. A birth Doula is defined as a “coach” during the labor process. She or he understands what the mother is dealing with and encourages the communication between the partner and care providers. A birth Doula is mostly for emotional support as birth can be a very difficult process. A postpartum Doula helps the parents get used to parenthood and to be comfortable with their newborn. They also care for the other siblings in the house because the mother is tied down with caring for the new baby. She or he will do most of the housekeeping as this can get very difficult to do with a newborn. Doulas can also support the mother with breastfeeding the baby. A Doula can be both of these types, before and after pregnancy, although some only choose to be one. In order for you to become a Doula you will require a certification and doula training. If you’re looking to be a birth Doula you will need to attend childbirth education, breast feeding, and birth doula classes. Also you must observe a certain number of births. For a postpartum Doula also studies the principles of home visitation and how to care for mothers and babies. A birth Doula needs to must finish seven to twelve hours of childbirth education, 16 hours of birth doula training, and attend two - five births. A postpartum Doula usually attends 27 hours of postpartum doula training and assist with two or more women with postpartum support. Childbirth education and doula training course usually cost between 300 to 500 dollars total. But there may be additional costs for additional courses, for example breastfeeding classes. Some places where you can become a Doula and some organizations that help Doulas find jobs are DONA which stands for Doulas of North America, Cappa Canada, Childbirth International, and Birthing From Within.

21

The salary of a Doula varies within the different places that they work. A Doula makes up to about 10 to 35 dollars an hour, some more Doulas earn up to 60 dollars an hour. Few Doulas earn more than $5,000 per year. Doulas either volunteer or they get paid for their services. Private Doulas provide personalized services and they charge a fee for their services. Private Doulas tend to charge $200 to $1000 per childbirth, depending on the experience, the services provided and their clients income. As being pregnant and willing to have birth through a Doula you get the opportunity to develop a trusting/supporting relationship. Doulas are available around the clock, on 24-hour call; privately hired they spend many hours with their pregnant. As the due date nears that time doubles, and the woman has more questions, excitement, and anxiety. Doulas attend the entire labor, and follow up with further attention. The relationship between Doula and mother may continue after birth and postpartum support. References

• www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049386705000046 • www.doulacare.ca • www.childbirthinternational.com/information/international.htm • www.naturalhealers.com/qu/doula.html

22

MEDQUEST PROGRAM

Session 3

July 16 – 20, 2012

Row 1 (Front L-R): Meghan Quilty, Lindsay Sheppard, Amanda Grace, Reegan Anstey (Instructor), Shalyn Codner, Trent Powell, Olivia Barnable, Abigail Newman, Riley Winters, Asia Holloway, Allie Decker, Andrea Moores and Amy Short

Row 2 (Back L-R): Alannah Dawson, Brianna Gosse, Kayla Chubbs, Bradley Rogers, Chris

Moss, Nicholas Arsenault, Liam Hallett, Liam Robbins, Tristen Savoury, Breanna Power-Careen, Caitlin Lundrigan and Kaitlyn Stanford (Instructor)

23

Community Health Nurse

Shalyn Codner (Torbay), Holy Trinity High Meghan Quilty (Paradise), Holy Spirit High

Liam Robbins (St. John’s), Prince of Wales Collegiate Amy Short (Clarenville), Clarenville High School

Riley Winters (Happy Valley-Goose Bay), Mealy Mountain Collegiate

A Community Health Nurse is someone in the community who promotes safe and healthy environments in homes, schools, day cares and within the general public. They are responsible for providing nursing care and performing the transfer of medical functions like dispensing medications to a client. They provide comprehensive public health programs including School Health, Maternal Child and Communicable Diseases. They deliver preventive programs like immunization and screening. Community Health Nurse plan, implement, evaluate and document nursing care. They help manage, lead and supervise a nursing team. They interact and work as a team along with other health professionals regarding a client’s health care. They assist in the planning, development and evaluation of public health programs, services and policies. They must act in a manner consistent with the professional code of ethics, responsibilities, and standards of practice. Must safeguard the trust of their clients. They need to provide the correct nursing care or treatment by assessing the client for physical and psychological needs, and inform the client of the health care they will be receiving. They take part of with delivering health support and counseling services to the public. Education Nurses have always cared for families, individuals, groups and communities in their practice. To receive your Bachelor of Nursing you must have a positive attitude for school work, and a strong understanding for all people. Admission requirements vary but generally include averages in many difference courses such as, English Language Arts Level 3, Biology Level 3, Chemistry Level 3, Math Level 3. Some institutions will accept Math 3100, Physics (Level 3) or a 60 percent average in Applied Math, Level 3. Also, Social Studies or another course at a 3000 level is recommended. To be a Registered Nurse you must have a Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing. To receive a Bachelor of Nursing you can attend many colleges or Universities around Canada. For example: Memorial University is proud to offer Nursing and provide students with the knowledge they need to succeed. Also you can attend College of the North Atlantic, and transfer your nursing credits to MUN if you desire. Salary The average salary for a Community Health Nurse across Canada all depends on your location(province, city/town, etc.), your employer, the responsibilities and qualifications that come with the job and how often you work (nurses hours). The average salary varies from $33.54-$44.34 an hour (annually $70 000-$80 000).

24

Where They Work Community Health Nurses have a fairly easy time finding a job. They are employed by baby clinics, vaccination clinics, community health centers, private nursing agencies, government agencies, charities, businesses that provide health care related services, etc. Some nurses even decide to work independently. Community Nurses are also temporarily employed by schools districts and municipal government to administer student vaccinations and public vaccinations against epidemic. Community Health Nurses could be into a little bit of everything or they might stick to a certain sector of health care that they enjoy. A nurse working in senior care would work at a nursing home and a nurse working in disease control would work at a vaccination clinic. As well, a Community Nurse who was interested in health education would give presentations at schools and other public areas.

25

Occupational Health and Safety

Olivia Barnable (Corner Brook), Corner Brook High Kayla Chubbs (Happy Valley-Goose Bay), Mealy Mountain Collegiate

Allie Decker (Torbay), Holy Heart of Mary High Amanda Grace (Paradise), Holy Heart of Mary High Andrea Moores (Corner Brook), Corner Brook High

Occupational Health and Safety is important to everyone. The job of an Occupational Health and Safety Worker is to educate a workplace about their health and safety rights. They also provide protective equipment, and ensure that the workers are doing their job safely. The duties of an Occupational Health and Safety Officer are to inspect workplaces to make sure the materials and production processes are not hazardous. They also investigate health and safety complaints made by the employees themselves and enforce health and safety laws. They actively provide advice regarding the development of safe and healthy practices and encourage managers, supervisors and employees to participate in occupational health and safety programs. Finally the most important duty of an Occupational Health and Safety Officer is to investigate fatalities, serious injuries and near misses of employees. Health and Safety Officers are generally responsible for a territory or specific industrial process. Most of their time is spent in the field, therefore considerable travel may be required. Occupational Health and Safety Officers, employed by the federal, provincial and municipal governments inspect a wide variety of workplaces, such as construction sites, manufacturing offices, technical services and mines. Post-secondary education is required for this occupation. To become an Occupational Health and Safety Officer you must have a Bachelor Degree; particularly in Chemistry, Engineering, Medicine, Microbiology, Nursing, Physics or another related post-secondary diploma. Also employers will tend to hire people who have a combination of computer skills. The salary for an Occupational Health and Safety Worker averages from between $31.30 to $41.28 an hour. There are several benefits associated with this occupation. It is fast paced and can be exciting due to the amount of travel attributed to the job. The working hours are quite flexible, depending on the workplace. As an Occupational Health and Safety Worker you will be very respected by employers and employees in a workplace. Young workers are more likely to be injured in the workplace so the job of an Occupational Health and Safety Officer is extremely important. They prevent injuries and fatal accidents, making this occupation very fulfilling.

26

Rheumatologist

Alannah Dawson (Steady Brook), Corner Brook High Chris Moss (Eastport), Holy Cross School

Abigail Newman (Mount Pearl), Mount Pearl Senior High Bradley Rogers (Trinity), Jane Collins Academy

A Rheumatologist is a doctor, specifically an Internist (specialist in Internal Medicine) or a Pediatrician, who specializes in treating and diagnosing diseases of the joints, bones, and muscles. Some Rheumatologists also research better and safer treatment options for various diseases. Examples of the diseases that Rheumatologists treat are rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and lupus. There are over 100 diseases that Rheumatologists must diagnose and treat. These specialists work in hospitals, private clinics, and various other healthcare settings. In order to become a Rheumatologist one must complete 13 years of post-secondary education. First one must complete a high school education, with strong academic performance in the mathematics and science courses being preferred. Upon completing the high school education, one must then start their 13 years of post-secondary education by completing a 4 year undergraduate degree at university. After this, someone who wants to be a Rheumatologist must then apply, be accepted to, and complete another 4 years of medical school like the one found on Memorial University’s campus. Once medical school has been completed an individual must then complete a 3 year residency in either Pediatrics or Internal Medicine. Once this is completed further specialization is required and the student must complete a further 2 years of a medical fellowship in Rheumatology. Finally, after completing these 13 years of post-secondary school, an exam must be written to achieve board certification as a Rheumatologist. In Canada Internists, in 2005-2006, made an average of $297 563 (Rheumatology is considered a subspecialty of Internal Medicine). While it appears to be a lot of money, this amount is before any taxes or costs that a Rheumatologist who owns their own business would face. Overall, Rheumatologists make about the same amount as other specialized physicians. Rheumatologists play an important role is the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases and are relied upon by many people. Their role is an important one in the world of medicine. Sources

• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001819/ • http://www.rheumatology.org/practice/clinical/patients/rheumatologist.asp • http://www.ehow.com/info_7808124_rheumatologist-educational-requirements.html • www.albertaboneandjoint.com/glossary.asp • www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/lupus • www.cma.ca/multimedia/CMA/Content_Images/Inside_cma/Memberships/profiles/

Rheumatology_e.pdf

27

• www.medscape.com/features/slideshow/compensation/2012/rheumatology • http://www.arthritis.ca/local%20programs/bcyukon/media/FAQ/default.asp?s=1

28

Nurse Practitioner

Nick Arsenault (Ferryland), Baltimore School Brianna Gosse (St. John’s), Holy Heart of Mary School

Caitlin Lundrigan (St. Brides), Fatima Academy Trent Powell (Eastport), Holy Cross School

Lindsay Sheppard (Conception Bay South), Prince of Wales Collegiate

A Nurse Practitioner is a registered Nurse with advanced training in the medical sciences, who normally hold at least a master’s degree. Their duties include assessment, diagnosis, and management of various illnesses. Nurse Practitioners can also prescribe certain drugs. To become a Nurse Practitioner, you first have to complete the required classes and courses to become a Registered Nurse. After the candidate is a certified Nurse they may then go on to study for a Master’s Degree in a Nurse Practitioner Program. If a candidate passes the program they are then certified by the National Board of Certification. Nurse Practitioners have been working in Canada since the late 1960s. The role was first developed to aid the under-serviced towns of northern Canada. University and college programs were developed to further train already practicing nurses to teach them the necessary skills to work as Nurse Practitioners. In 1983, all university training programs were shut down due to lack of funding, as well as inadequate legislative support. In 1994, the remaining 250 Nurse Practitioners still practicing in Ontario began creating new initiatives with the Ministry of Health to re-gain funding for Nurse Practitioner training programs. This resulted in the re-establishment of Nurse Practitioners university education programs in 1995 and the Expanded Nursing Services for Patients Act which was passed in 1998. There are now over 3000 Nurse Practitioners practicing nationwide. There are several differences between Nurse Practitioners and Doctors. Nurse Practitioners complete a 4 year Bachelor of Nursing and then a Masters to become a Nurse Practitioner, while a Doctor completes an undergraduate degree, followed by 4 years of medical school. Doctors have to teach their patients about the treatments that they require, but Nurse Practitioners are usually involved deeply in that area. Doctors mainly study illnesses, while Nurse Practitioners study people and how to interact with them. In short, a Doctor studies medicine while a Nurse Practitioner studies common treatments and illnesses. Nurse Practitioners generally earn a salary, which can range anywhere from $65,000 to $75,000 per year. The lowest registered Canadian salary evens out at roughly $43,000, while the highest salary reaches somewhere around $75,000. A Nurse Practitioners salary will increase with experience, and eventually can make upwards of $40.00 per hour.

29

Naturopathy and Naturopathic Medicine

Liam Hallett (Eastport), Holy Cross School Asia Holloway (Musgravetown), Heritage Collegiate

Breanna Power-Careen (Point Lance), Fatima Academy Tristen Savoury (Paradise), Holy Spirit High

In the world of modern medicine, the amount of professions and specialties are numerous. These specialties range from your average nurse to the more complex surgeon, however there are certain branches of medicine that are not always prioritized or made well known. Naturopathic Medicine can be considered to be part of this group. Naturopathic Medicine or “nature’s medicine” is truly a unique and somewhat of an unexposed profession in the world of medicine. Throughout this essay important questions that surround this branch of medicine will be answered and hopefully can help in revealing this ultimately incredible field. Naturopathic Medicine by definition is the blending of modern scientific knowledge with natural medicines, provided by the earth. These medicines made from plants, herbs and other minerals, help to stimulate the body’s natural healing abilities. Those who choose this field, often go by the saying; “Disease is a process, not something infinite.” Naturopaths believe that the body can heal itself, and prescribe remedies that essentially are based on your diet/nutrition, physical appearance, and beliefs. The idea of Naturopathic Medicine was initially founded by a Greek physician in 400 B.C. This physician discovered the natural healing abilities held within nature, and declared this philosophy “healing with nature”. Later a German emigrant and doctor, known as Doctor Benedict Lust brought the idea to North America in 1892. Lust officially named this herbal practice “Naturology”. In the 19th and 20th century Naturopathic Medicine flourished. This new idea became quite popular amongst the people of Canada and around the world. However, new advancements in pharmaceutical drugs and medical technology after World War II, made a large dent in the new found popularity of Naturopathic Medicine. Today however, people are beginning to move towards a more proactive and essentially healthier lifestyle. This means that harder drug therapies and synthetic materials are being left behind. Naturology requires the same amount of hard work and dedication as any other field of medicine. The first step in the process of being able to practice Naturopathic Medicine is to achieve and undergraduate degree. The next step is to be accepted into a medical school which offers this area, a Naturopathic Medical School consisting of mostly biochemical sciences for example. The hardest part comes next, as you are required to write the NPLEX or Naturopathic Physicians Licensing Examination. Upon successful completion, graduates receive the degree of doctor of Naturopathic Medicine. Naturopathic doctors do not make as much money as regular doctors, unfortunately. Naturopathic doctors still do extremely well, bring in anywhere from $40,000 to $90,000 a year. This number however is mostly location dependent.

30

Today, there is still a large debate over the idea of naturopathic medicine versus conventional medicine. Conventional medicine has both its pros and cons which include: Only kills the illness.

Not geared towards a healthy body.

Can have many side effects.

Often faster to take effect

The same is true for Naturopathic Medicine, which include: More focused on building body systems.

Creates resistance to disease.

Treats body as a whole.

Geared more towards prevention.

Has little, to no side effects.

Not usually as fast as Conventional Medicine.

Naturology uses many different techniques. Some of which are fairly common/popular. One of these more common therapies is known as “Acupuncture”. Acupuncture is an alternative medicine that treats patients by manipulating thin, solid needles that have been inserted into acupuncture points in the skin. Another therapy which is fairly uncommon would be the idea of “Chakra”. Chakra is basically a colour given to a specific area of the body or body system. For example:

Violet : Pituitary Gland, Nervous System Indigo : Eye, Pineal Gland Blue : Throat, Ears, Mouth, Hands Green : Heart, Lungs, Thymus Yellow : Stomach, Liver, Gall Bladder Orange : Urinary Tract, Circulation, Reproduction Red : Gonads, Kidneys, Spine

Each Chakra shares a different meaning, and by understanding this, these doctors feel they can better treat/assist their patients. Conclusively, in the world of modern medicine, the amount of professions and specialties are numerous. These specialties range from your average nurse to the more complex surgeon,

31

however, there are certain branches of medicine that are not always prioritized or made well known. Naturopathic Medicine can be considered to be part of this group. Naturopathic Medicine or “nature’s medicine” is truly a unique and somewhat of an unexposed profession in the world of medicine. This essay shows what an honestly miraculous and rewarding career this can be, and shows some very unique traits that are strictly in this one area. References

• Authors, Various (2012). Naturopathy. Retrieved 20 July 2012 from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturopathy

• Cage, Dr. Arlan (2005). Naturopathic medicine, the western holistic approach. Retrieved 20 July 2012 from south bay total health: http://www.southbaytotalhealth.com/Naturohistory.htm

• Doctors, The Canadian Association of Naturopathic (). The Canadian Association of Naturopathic Doctors. Retrieved 20 July 2012 from Canadian Association Of Naturopathic

• Doctors: http://www.cand.ca/index.php?L=0 • N.D, Rachel S. Barley. Naturopathy. Retrieved 20 July 2012 from Heartland Naturopathic

Clinic: http://www.heartlandnaturopathic.com

32

MEDQUEST PROGRAM Session 4

July 23 – 27, 2012

Row 1 (Front L-R): Deidre Clark (Instructor), Marie Wasef, Caitlin Whitten, Ryan Keating, Katherine Smith, Beth Walsh, Amanda Michelin, Jacqueline Bennett, Desiree Nippard, Hilary Modir, Noelle Saunders, Kayleigh Maxwell and Amber Tremblett

Row 2 (Back L-R): Gabrielle Allingham, Dylan Percey, Devin Percey, William Nurse,

Indraneel Mangat, Keihan Power, Justin Upshall, Willie Allingham, Chelsea Pike, Katelynn Caines, Emily Hogan, Sarah Coombs and Sonali Verma

33

Prosthetist

Jacqueline Bennett (Pasadena), Pasadena Academy Desiree Nippard (Embree), Lewisporte Collegiate

Chelsea Pike (Harbour Mille), Fortune Bay Academy Beth Walsh (Mount Pearl), Mount Pearl Senior High

Marie Wasef (Hampden), Hampden Academy

Pursuing a career in medicine is always characterized as a rewarding and inspiring journey. With so many options and endless possibilities of getting there, it is difficult to zero in and simply choose one career. Pursuing a career in the field of Prosthetist and Orthotist is an exciting and helpful way to give back to your community by making amputated limbs and spinal braces as well as various other body parts which can greatly affect the lives of people whom have suffered from the loss of limbs and dysfunction of the spine are in need of amputation and prosthetic help. Through serious injuries arms and legs may be dismembered, joints may be severed, and an entire life can be obstructed. With the help of a well-trained Prosthetist victims can regain mobility, and the use of once-disabled limbs. Prosthetists design and fit braces and casts out of various materials such as plaster to fit the patient’s specific needs. Becoming a Prosthetist is an admirable journey, which requires a four year bachelor’s degree from a certificate program (upon completion of high school or an equivalent) Applicants for post baccalaureate programs should have a baccalaureate degree that includes appropriate coursework in Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Psychology, Algebra, Human Anatomy, and Physiology, as well any other specified by the institution you wish to attend. Upon your certification as a Prosthetist the average salary is between $42,000 and $90,000 with the opportunity to increase with seniority. Opening a private practice in Canada also brings opportunity to make more. For Prosthetist in Canada, the Canadian Association for Prosthetics and Orthotists (CAPO) is a nonprofit organization with over 350 professionals who volunteer and have created a voice for the professionals in their field. The objectives of CAPO are to ensure the security and fair-treatment of its members and to promote and educate future generations about the importance of Prosthetists and Orthotists in Canada. Designing, working with patients, and crafting are a large part of this career. Many of these professionals work in clinics and are directly working the patient, while others work in labs and workrooms where the design of the braces and amputated limbs are crafted. Government agencies, rehab centers and hospitals are also places where Prosthetists can work. Days are usually 7-9 hours in length with the very rare possibility of shift work or call-ins. A perpetually in-demand career with great finances, hours, and self-satisfaction is all wrapped up in the career of Prosthetist and Orthotist. With opportunities for advancement as well as the freedom to work in several places or opening your own practice are some of the many characteristics that make Orthotists a well-rounded, stimulated, and rewarding career choice for the next generation.

34

Psychiatry

Willie Allingham (Plum Point), Viking Trail Academy Katelynn Caines (Burin), Fogo Island Central Academy Kayleigh Maxwell (St. John’s), Holy Heart of Mary High

Justin Upshall (Mount Pearl), O’Donel High School Sonali Verma (Stephenville), Stephenville High

A Psychiatrist’s job entails the “diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental illness and emotional problems” (www.psych.org). They are medical doctors who work with patients dealing with depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other mental illnesses. A Psychiatrist is able to distinguish between the emotional and physical causes of a medical issue and therefore treat the patient accordingly. Treatments and services offered by Psychiatrists include psychotherapy, medications, hospitalizations and psychoanalysis. The education required to become a Psychiatrist takes a significant amount of time and effort. An undergraduate degree is required which normally takes four years before applying for medical school. If based on your academics, MCAT (Medical College Admissions Test) score, interview and overall character one does get accepted into medical school, it is then necessary to complete four years of Medicine before entering into a five year residency specializing in Psychiatry. Finally one must write an examination in order to obtain a license from the RCPSC (Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada) to practice Psychiatry. Further education can be taken in certain sub-specialties such as addiction psychiatry, geriatric psychiatry or forensic psychiatry. Memorial University also offers a five year residency program in Psychiatry after having completed four years of medical school at tuition of $6,250 per year for Canadian students or $30,000 per year for international students. Psychiatrists will normally work around 48 hours a week depending on where they work and who they decide to work with, whether it is youth, adults, seniors, in-patients, out- patients or a combination of clients. Normally 60 percent of their time is spent treating patients, while the rest of their time is spent in administration, teaching, doing consultations and doing research. Psychiatrists can find jobs in a variety of workplaces including hospitals, clinics, universities, prisons, courts, nursing homes, government, military, rehabilitation and emergency. Around half of the 42,000 psychiatrists in the United States have private practices. Salaries in Newfoundland and Labrador are normally around the $190,000-$200,000 range, and can be higher or lower in other parts of Canada. There are around 4,100 Psychiatrists currently in Canada. A common misunderstanding is what the difference between a Psychiatrist and a Psychologist is. A Psychologist has a master’s and/or a doctoral degree in Psychology, training this can take from 6 to 10 years. Only those who hold a doctoral degree can use the title Doctor. A Psychiatrist however is a medical doctor who specializes in mental health. Psychiatrists often use medications to treat their patients unlike Psychologists who primarily use psychotherapy. Psychiatrists have the ability to use a combination of both medication and psychotherapy to treat their patients.

35

References

• www.cpa.ca/public/whatisapsychologist • www.youtube.com/watch?v=h_30nnNL_60 • www.cpa-apc.org/browse/sections/10 • www.psych.org • www.med.mun.ca/med

36

Child and Youth Care Counselor

Indraneel Mangat (Placentia), Laval High School Amanda Michelin (Northwest River), Lake Melville School

William Nurse (Victoria Cove), Riverwood Academy Katie Smith (Mount Pearl), O’Donel High School

Amber Tremblett (Lewisporte), Lewisporte Collegiate Caitlin Whitten (Petty Harbour), St. Kevin’s High

There are many children in every town who go through physical and emotional stress. For some, the stress may be obvious, but in others it is harder to notice. The role of a child and Youth Care Counselor is to help the children who show signs of stress, and also the ones who do not, with their emotional, social and behavioural problems. They work with the children and youth, as well as with their families to improve the well-being of the child’s life. They have a very important role in today’s society because they are securing a good future for the next generation. Child and Youth Care Counselors work in a variety of different places. They may work in group homes, residential treatment centres, hospitals and community mental health clinics. Some are also involved in community-based outreach programs, school-based programs, parent education and family support programs, juvenile justice programs and in private practice. The counselors provide one on one counseling as well as group sessions to youth individuals as well as their families to work out various issues. They can plan activities, games or events to help their clients. They do the best they can to influence children to make good and wise decisions regarding their life now and their future. To be a Child and Youth Care Worker a certain level of education is required. The minimum level of education is a diploma in Child and Youth Care. This program is available at colleges all across Canada which usually last two years. Some of these programs may include a period of work in the field. However, the salaries tend to be higher for those who have a four year bachelor’s degree in the area of child and youth care or in a related field such as Psychology, Social Work, and Sociology or Youth Justice. Also a bachelor’s or master’s degree is needed to acquire a professional or management position. The level of education you have determines the salary of a Child Youth Care Counselor. For example, a person with a bachelor’s degree will make more than a person with a diploma, and a person with a master’s degree will make more than a person with a bachelor’s. However, the salary of a Child and Youth Care Worker also depends on other things. These things include the amount of hours worked, the place in which they work, how much experience they have and the responsibilities they hold. There is no standard rate of pay for a Child Youth Care Worker. It always depends on the environment in which that person works. The average salary for a Child Youth Care counselor in Newfoundland is $40,000 to $50,000 but, depending on your position and experience, can reach higher than that. People who choose to open a private practice or does contract work make more than those in staff positions. Child and Youth Care Counselors can live a comfortable lifestyle with the salary they make.

37

Child and Youth Care Workers are very dedicated and motivated people. They commit the majority of their time to improving the lives of at-risk children. They have very good communication skills which enable them to connect with children, youth and their families. In order to deal with the problems that their youth face they need to be emotionally stable and have a certain level of maturity. They need to be able to make decisions and use resources under pressure. But, probably the most important factor is the ability to use their imagination. When dealing with children, creativity is very important to the development of the relationship between the youth and the counselor and hopefully the improvement of the child’s life. Being a Child and Youth Care Counselor is a very diversified career and as long as there is still funding for the child and youth care program, the demand for these supportive and inspiring people will continue to increase. Sources

• http://www.cyccanada.ca/ • https://www.careercruising.com/Careers/JobDetails.aspx?LoginID=32dbef70-add5-

4840-8cc2-0c8be372bc74-5&OccNumber=90

38

Oncologist

Sarah Coombs (Plum Point), Viking Trail Academy Ryan Keating (Clarenville), Clarenville High

Hilary Modir (St. John’s), Holy Heart of Mary High Dylan Percey (Colliers), Roncalli Central High

What is Oncology? Oncology comes from the Ancient Greek words, “onkos” meaning mass or tumor, and “logy” meaning study of. Therefore Oncology is the study of tumors and cancer within the body and an Oncologist is a person who performs diagnosis and treatments of cancer patients. Methods that Oncologists use to diagnose cancer in patients include biopsy, endoscopy, X-rays, CIT and MRI scans, ultra sounds, scintigraphy, positron emission tomography and bloods tests are all different ways of identifying cancer cells in the body. There are three types of Oncologists that each has slightly different operations but all have the same goal of diagnosing and treating patients with cancer infections. Firstly there are Medical Oncologists who use drugs and antibiotics to kill cancer cells or in other words chemotherapy. There are also Surgical Oncologists, who perform surgeries and biopsies involving cancer patients. Finally there are Radiation Oncologists who harness the power of x-rays to destroy cancer cells. The roles of all Oncologists in the medical field are to explain the diagnosis to the patient, describe the possible treatments and make recommendations as to the best course of action, showing care and compassion working with patients, and maintaining the patients’ quality of life by reducing pain caused by various symptoms. One must complete a bachelor’s degree which takes four years before you can apply to medical school. Before applying the students are required to write the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT). After you are accepted into medical school you will take four years to complete a Doctor Medicine Degree (MD). Once you are done medical school you must then complete at least four years of residency, in this time you will get training and education specific to Oncology. When you are done your residency period you will need to pass the certifying exam of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. The salary for Oncologists was raised to $350,000 on average a year in Newfoundland and Oncologists working outside of St. John’s would receive an extra $16,000 per year. This had occurred after a few Oncologists had quit as a form of protest or to transfer to another province. In 2010, Gynecologist Oncologists received less income throughout Atlantic Canada and threatened to step down if the salary was not raised. It is estimated by the Canadian Cancer Society, Statistics Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada that 1750 men and 1400 women will be diagnosed with cancer this year. As well, 790 men and 630 women will die of cancer this year. For the high rates of cancer diagnosis in Newfoundland there is an immense shortage of Oncologists. Newfoundland has seven Medical Oncologists, three Gynecologic Oncologists, nine Radiation Oncologists and one General Oncologist. Newfoundland has the total of twenty Oncologists that are licensed and practicing now. For a total of 3150 men and women that will be diagnosed with cancer and 1420 that will

39

die in Newfoundland and Labrador this year, twenty Oncologists is not nearly enough for this continuous growth in cancer rates and death. References

• http://www.cancer.net/patient/Publicamptions+and+Resources/Find+an+Oncologist/Types+of+Oncologists

• http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Oncology.aspx • careercruising.com • http://www.medscape.com/features/slideshow/compensation/2012/oncology • http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2010/11/15/salaries-

medical-political.html • http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2008/05/23/

pathologists-offer.html • http://www.nmb.ca/default.asp?adv=1&com=DoctorSearch • http://www.cancer.ca/newfoundland-labrador/about%20cancer/cancer%

20statistics/newfoundland%20and%20labrador% 20cancer%20statistics.aspx • Video link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JFPzA3cOE7U

40

Sports Medicine

Gabrielle Allingham (Plum Point), Viking Trail Academy Emily Hogan (St. John’s), Holy Heart of Mary High

Devin Percey (Colliers), Roncalli Central High Keihan Power (Mount Pearl), Mount Pearl Senior High

Noelle Saunders (Grand Falls-Windsor), Exploits Valley High

Sports Medicine is the branch of medicine for the treatment of injuries or illness caused by athletic activities. A person who works in this branch of medicine is called a Certified Athletic Therapist/Trainer (CAT). The job includes helping athletes recover from injuries and also work with individuals or teams to provide training and conditioning programs that may help prevent injuries. The injuries may vary from back and neck pain, immobility, limited range of motion, muscle pain and dysfunction and others. The duties of CATs include examining and evaluating athletes prior to participation in sports activities, evaluating the emotional well-being of athletes (especially young players), advising against practices that may be dangerous to athletes, and working with coaches regarding proper techniques. CATs are also responsible for examining and treating athletes who have been injured, they order procedures such as x-rays, and prevent athletes from returning to work early. They supervise athletes, attend games, and help coaches. To become a CAT, you must complete 9 years of schooling. The first step needed after high school is undergraduate education. There are some specific courses required for the undergrad. These include cardiac rehabilitation, general radiology, and orthopedic surgical technique. It takes four years to get the degree. The next step needed is to get into medical school. In medical school, the pre-clinical years develop foundational concepts through the use of simulation labs. The majority of students in Sports Medicine do a residency in Family Medicine. This takes approximately 3 years. This is when the student decides to specialize in nonsurgical Sports Medicine or Orthopedic Surgery. The final step is to do a fellowship. This is mandatory to specialize in Sports Medicine. They generally last 2 years. However students who chose Orthopedic Surgery spend an extra 5 years learning how to assist surgeons. As in many medical careers, a CAT’s salary varies. Depending on educational background, location, employer and experience, the salary of an Athletic Therapist may range from $30 000 - $70 000 a year. Also those who decide to open their own practice or clinic can earn much more. As a basic trend, the longer you have been working, the more you will earn. Although a career in Sports Medicine is very demanding, it can also be very rewarding. You get to work with all kinds of clients varying from individuals around the community to famous athletes and sports teams. Also, as a CAT, you get the opportunity to watch as your clients grow and recover, and that is the most rewarding thing about being a CAT.

41

Bibliography

• http://alis.alberta.ca/occinfo/Content/RequestAction.asp?aspAction=GetHTMLProfile&

• format=html&OCCPRO_ID=71002788 • http://www.ccsm.info/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_medicine • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22815416 • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22741210 • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3067308 • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20369124 • http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19846421 • https://www.careercruising.com/Careers/JobDetails.aspx?LoginID=5524734c-

566e-4d61-9526-acda249e9995-&OccNumber=40 • http://education-portal.com/articles/Sports_Medicine_Doctor_Educational_

Requirements.html

42

MEDQUEST PROGRAM Session 5

July 30 – August 3, 2012

Row 1 (Front L-R): Deirdre Clark (Instructor), Megan Ryan, Kathy Hayse, Lindsay Woodford, Adriana Pack, Joanna Penney, Roshni Kollipara, Abigail Prowse, Amanda Power, Juanita Bartlett, Cherry-Lynn Benson, Brianna King, Alana Loveys and Jillian Peddle

Row 2 (Back L-R): Tia Howse, Holley-Lynn Skinner, Catherine Grandy, Kendra Murphy, Emily

Collis, Alexandra Morrison, Jeremy Barry, Adam Lidstone, Christina Michelin, Jennifer Green, Caroline Strickland, Elizabeth Rowsell, Emily Loder and Liz Hann (Instructor)

43

Radiation Therapist

Kathleen Hayse (Parker’s Cove), Christ the King School Adriana Pack (Conne River), St. Anne’s School

Amanda Power (St. John’s), Brother T.I. Murphy Centre Elizabeth Rowsell (Little Rapids), Corner Brook High Megan Ryan (Marystown), Marystown Central High

Caroline Strickland (Portugal Cove), Prince of Wales Collegiate A Radiation Therapist is a doctor who specializes in treating cancer and tumors with radiation. They are also known as a radio therapist. An average Radiation Therapist day would depend on the setting of the work area and also depends on whether the therapist works full-time or part time. A typical Radiation Therapist works an average of 40 hours a week with over-time during nights and weekends depending on the patient’s needs. The first step in Radiation Therapy towards treating a patient includes stimulation. During stimulation, the Radiation Therapist uses an x-ray imaging machine or computer tomography (CT) scan to locate the tumor. The therapist then positions the patient and adjusts the linear accelerator, which use X-ray beams to breakdown cancerous growth, so that when treatment begins, radiation exposure is concentrated on the tumor cells. The Radiation Therapist then works with an Oncologist (a physician who specializes in therapeutic radiology), and a Dosimetrist (a technician who calculates the dose of radiation that will be used for treatment). Together, they work to create a treatment plan and discuss this plan with their patient. The Radiation Therapist keeps a record of patient treatment, such as frequency, test results, the area being treated and the amount of radiation used. Physical duties include the lifting and assisting of patients on and off examination tables. The field of Radiation Therapy is exciting and challenging, and one that is changing dramatically. These people dedicate their lives to improving other’s health, and interact with their patients often. It can be rewarding many times as they get to see their patients become healthy because of the treatment that they had distributed. Radiation therapy is considered fairly new, and as it becomes more advanced and popularly used as a primary source of treatment, the higher the demand for Radiation Therapists will be. For those looking into becoming one, you do not need to worry about being placed. Both the present and future look promising for Radiation Therapists. Also you are working as a team, with other Medical professionals to help cure the patient. The downfall of this career is that they get to see their patients suffer from the side effects of this treatment (i.e: hair loss, skin problems, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, memory loss), and potentially may see their patients die as this treatment is not always successful. There are various career opportunities out there for Radiation Therapists. They can work in a variety of facilities including hospitals, cancer treatment centers, physician’s offices, educational facilities, governmental facilities, and research laboratories. Radiation Therapist work to provide treatment and care to patients with cancer. They may expand their education to perform research studies to contribute to scientific advances, work for government and other agencies by regulating radiation safety, become an educator in a clinical or academic

44

environment to train the next generation of therapists, and work as a counselor by expanding on your patient care skills. Most therapist work a regular 40-hour workweek and Salaries for Radiation Therapists can vary depending on the area you work in, the type of employer and your experience level. The salary range is 55,000 to 80,000. In pursuing the field of radiation therapy, high school students must complete certain courses that will help them a great deal with being a radiation therapist. High school students need to have completed Calculus, Physics, Biology, Algebra, Chemistry, and Geometry. Radiation Therapists depending on the university one might want to attend, students may need to have a year of general studies and a four year bachelor’s degree before being able to study radiation therapy or just simply a bachelor’s degree. Once people have attained their four year bachelor’s degree they can begin studying radiation therapy which may run from 1-4 years. Usually 1-2 year courses earn a certificate in radiation therapy and focus mostly on the clinical aspect of this field, whereas the 3-4 year program you would get more work experience and get to actually work with the machines and equipment used in the profession. A typical Radiation Therapist would have a passion for helping others. Excellent communication and recording skills/being detail oriented are also helpful. They must be able to control their emotions as they work continuously with some of the most ill patients. They must balance their emotions while at the same time, be kind and sympathetic. Working with other people in the medical field will take place every day, so having excellent teamwork skills is also necessary. As long as you have the drive, dedication and determination to help people, becoming a Radiation Therapist will come naturally. Before you do make your final decision on whether or not to become a Radiation Therapist, make sure to shadow one for a period of time to make sure that it’s really what you want to do. In the future there will be an expansion of 21% - 35% in job opportunities over the next ten years. Due to aging population and the detection of early cancerous growth, radiation therapy will become even more important in many health care facilities. References

• http://www.michener.ca/ft/rad_therapy.php • http://www.educationcompass.com/radiation-therapy-a-career-that-multiplies-hope-

page-2 • http://fhs.mcmaster.ca/radiology/residency/faqs.html • http://education-portal.com/articles/Radiotherapist_Job_Description_Duties_

and_Requirements.html • http://www.bestalliedhealthprograms.com/professions/radiation-therapist-job-

description • http://healthcareers.about.com/od/alliedmedicalprofiles/p/RadiationTherapist.htm • http://bellevuecollege.edu/programs/degrees/proftech/radon/ • http://www.careercornerstone.org/pdf/medtech/radther.pdf

45

Ultrasound Technician

Cherry-Lynn Benson (St. John’s), Holy Heart of Mary High Tia Howse (Conne River), St. Anne’s School

Roshni Kollipara (Corner Brook), Corner Brook Regional High Adam Lidstone (Gander), Gander Collegiate

Kendra Murphy (Parker’s Cove), Christ the King School

Many of us have heard about Ultrasound Technicians in day-to-day life, with pregnant family members getting check-ups and ill friends getting tests to be diagnosed. Yet, even though “ultrasound” has become an everyday word, how many of us actually know about the people behind the machine? There are many things that come into play when you consider their job details, what conditions they diagnose, how much education they require, and what kinds of technology they use. Ultrasound Technicians use the technology of ultrasounds to view many different parts of the body to check for abnormalities and problems as well as checking up on a growing baby. Some examples are ultrasounds of the abdomen which includes organs such as the liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas and gallbladder. These ultrasounds are done to help diagnose conditions like abdominal pain, kidney or gallbladder stones, and abnormal liver function. Also Ultrasound technicians have to perform breast guided ultrasounds, which helps show solid masses, distortion in the structure of breast tissue and abnormal tissue change. Ultrasounds of the thyroid gland are also a job completed by these technicians, they are used to help determine if lumps in the neck are caused by something serious, and if so ultrasounds follow growth. These are only a few examples of the numerous types of ultrasounds performed everyday by Ultrasound Technicians. Ultrasound Technicians also need to have good communication skills, dedication and commitment so they are capable of having a good relationship with their patients and to be the best at their job. To become an Ultrasound Technician you must have a certain level of training and education. To start off you need a high school diploma including English 3201 or 3202, 4 Mathematics credits (2204, 2205, 3204, 3205), and 4 Science credits from Biology 3201, Physics 3204, Chemistry 3202, Earth Systems 3209. Then you must complete a course offered by a college. These programs are usually two to three year programs that train students in how to work an ultrasound machine and how to interact with patients, through classroom learning as well as real life work experience. After graduating with a diploma in Ultrasound Technology you are able to work. There are full-time and part-time job options so you have a choice in the type of lifestyle you wish to pursue. Ultrasound Technicians make on average about $70,000 a year. An ultrasound is used mainly to view soft tissue of the body, such as tumors. The technology used in an ultrasound is very complex but uses a simple operating principle. An ultrasound essentially uses a pulse and echo technique as a non-invasive way of seeing inside the body. An ultrasound starts with a transducer which sends the ultrasonic pulse. There are many different types of transducers for examining different parts of the body. The transducer is placed on the patient and there is a gel put between the transducer and the skin. This gel, also called a

46

coupling medium is used to eliminate the thin layer of air between the transducer and the skin. If not eliminated this layer of air would reflect sound, preventing the pulse from entering the skin. After sending the pulse the transducer would then receive the echo as the sound echoes back from the patient. This echo is then processed by an ultrasound instrument. This process is then completed multiple times over very little time to produce visible dots. These dots form the anatomic image. The brightness of the dots in the grey scale image corresponds to the echo strength. As with all imaging technology, an ultrasound does have its limitations. Researching this profession has been a very interesting experience. Ultrasound Technicians are the known yet unknown people who search, scan, and investigate. Though it requires a lot of education and dedication, being an Ultrasound Technician can be quite a rewarding career choice.

47

Nuclear Medicine Technologist

Juanita Bartlett (Torbay), Holy Heart of Mary High Catherine Grandy (Paradise), Holy Heart of Mary High

Jennifer Green (Gander), Gander Collegiate Emily Loder (Botwood), Botwood Collegiate

Alexandra Morrison (Happy Valley-Goose Bay), Mealy Mountain Collegiate A Nuclear Medicine Technologist is a specialist who performs medical imaging tests using radioactive materials so that they can help doctors diagnose certain diseases/conditions. They are a critical part of a healthcare team, often found in large urban hospitals and sometimes in clinics. As well others have work in research, education and with the government. They work directly with patients as well as cooperatively with doctors and sometimes as part of a healthcare team to diagnose and treat patients through nuclear medicine. Artificial radioactivity was discovered in 1934 and since then there can been doctors and technologists dedicated to furthering this area of medicine. The technologists are essential to the process as they are the ones performing the work while the doctor interprets the results. Nowadays the procedure is much the same and the Nuclear Medicine Technologist plays an integral role in the diagnosis and treatment of many conditions. Some of the conditions which a Nuclear Medicine Technologist can help diagnose and treat are cancer, kidney failure, heart disease and many other conditions which affect different parts of the body. This can range from the thyroid glands to the liver to the intestinal tract and everything in between! This type of technology can also asses how developed the cancer is in an individual and can be used to perform brain or bone scans. In order to pursue this career there are several paths you can take. Through high school, courses in Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Math and English are incredibly helpful and oftentimes required for admission to colleges or universities. You can obtain either a bachelor’s degree or a diploma in Nuclear Medicine, the former taking approximately 4-years and the latter being 2-years in duration. A combination of classroom and on hands experience is used in both programs. Salaries range from $45,000-$90,000 a year with the median coming in at around $58,000-$60,000. The cost of schooling varies from province to province however typically jobs are only present for workers willing to work full-time. There are certain exceptions to this rule. Also, as mentioned, the most common employers are hospitals that operate in large urban areas and clinics. Certain teaching hospitals also employ technologists to teach. This career is great for anyone interested in an intriguing way to use the latest technology to help make a difference in their community.

48

References

• www.careercruising.com • www.schoolofhealthsciences.dal.ca • www.michener.ca • www.news-medical.net

49

Podiatry

Jeremy Barry (Port Saunders), French Shore Academy Alana Loveys (Carbonear), Carbonear Collegiate

Christina Michelin (Botwood), Botwood Collegiate Abigail Prowse (Burlington), MSB Regional Academy

Holley-Lynn Skinner (Mount Pearl), Mount Pearl Senior High

If you asked the average person a question regarding Podiatry, chances are they wouldn’t have a clue what you were talking about. You would receive responses like, “What are you talking about?” or “I’ve never heard of that”, this is because a Podiatrist isn’t a doctor you do your regular check up with, or even know of someone who does because Podiatry may not be a study as well-known as something like cardiology, or dentistry, however a Podiatrist carries an important role just like any other doctor. So I bet you’re wondering, just what is Podiatry? Podiatry is the study of feet, and it is a Podiatrist’s job to diagnose and treat, as well as prevent all disorders in relation to the foot, and sometimes the ankle. This can include many disorders including athlete’s foot, bunions (hard, painful bumps on the big toe joint), calluses and corns (thickened skin from friction or pressure), plantar warts (warts on the soles of your feet), fallen arches (flat feet), and many other disorders. To become a Podiatrist it takes a great deal of educational training. The length of training depends on the school; it can take up to eight years of university education to begin practicing as a podiatrist. Study in all basic medical science is required. In order to become a podiatrist, an undergraduate degree must be completed, followed by a four year postgraduate degree, and a three year medical and surgical residency. Students who would like to study Podiatry have the option of applying in Canada as well as the United States. There are also schools in the United Kingdom where degrees in Podiatry are available. In Canada, the Universite de Quebec a Trois-Rivieres (UQTR) in Trois-Rivieres, Quebec provides a four year program, which is a great option for Canadians pursuing Podiatry. Once you become a Podiatrist your pay depends on a variety of factors such as personal ability and reputation, efficiency of practice management, years of experience, size and location of the practice, and government limits on expenditures for podiatric services. The median annual wage of a podiatrist in May 2010 was $118,030. As a self-employed Podiatrist, you have the potential to earn more than a doctor, however they are responsible for running a business and all the costs that come along with that, including providing benefits to themselves, as well as other employees. Therefore, the pay of a Podiatrist may vary. A Podiatrist must be a critical thinker, who is detail oriented, with interpersonal skills, and an overall well rounded individual. The need of podiatrist’s is in increasing demand because disorders of the foot and ankle are among the most widespread and neglected health problems. Although a Podiatrist’s duties are often over looked, and underappreciated, their profession is a significant part of medicine and health. Now if you were asked a question regarding Podiatry, you’d have the ability to answer, and if people were informed of Podiatry

50

more commonly, they would realize it’s significance, it would become well known and it would be a part of their regular check up’s. References

• http://www.podiatrycanada.org/ • http://www.doyourfeethurt.ca/podiatry/ • http://www.podiatryinfocanada.ca • http://alis.alberta.ca/occinfo/Content/RequestAction.asp?aspAction=GetHTMLProfile&f

ormat=html&occPro_ID=71003232&SNT_ID=25 • http://www.canadianliving.com/health/prevention/healthy_feet_what_you_should_kn

ow_about_podiatry_2.php

51

Electroneurophysiology Technologists

Emily Collis (Torbay), Gonzaga High School Briana King (Mount Pearl), Mount Pearl Senior High

Jillian Peddle (Carbonear), Carbonear Collegiate Joanna Penney (Happy Valley-Goose Bay), mealy Mountain Collegiate

Lindsay Woodford (St. Anthony), Harriot Curtis Collegiate

An Electroneurophysiology (ENP) Technologist is a technologist who uses specialized diagnostic equipment to record and evaluate the electrical activity of the brain and nerves. As well, they monitor electrical activity resulting from stimulation of sensory and motor pathways. They use this technology and scans to help doctors diagnose diseases, injuries and abnormalities. They have many duties and responsibilities. These include preparing the patient for testing by explaining the procedures, obtaining medical history, and to apply the electrodes to predetermined, measured locations on the patients head or body. Also, they operate the neurodiagnostic testing equipment and prepare test results for interpretation by the physician. There are many personal characteristics that a person who is interested in becoming and ENP technologist should possess. These qualities include maturity and emotional stability, the ability to communicate understating and reassurance to patients who may be afraid, and the ability to pay attention to details. As well, they need to be able to work with little direct supervision. The education to become an ENP Technologist consists of obtaining a diploma or a degree in Electroneurophysiology Technology. The diploma takes two years to complete and there are only two colleges in Canada that offer this program, The British Colombia Institute of Technology (BCIT) and The Alberta College of Medical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologists (ACMDTT). The recommended courses to take in high school if you are interested in this career choice are Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Algebra. ENP Technologists use many different types of equipment to monitor and study brain activity. One machine that is used for testing and diagnosing many various problems is called an Electroencephalogram (EEG). The ENP Technologists use EEG’s to monitor the electrical activity of the brain by placing small discs (electrodes) on the patients head. EEG’s may be used to help diagnose various problems with the brain such as epilepsy, strokes, brain disease and brain infection. The average salary for an ENP Technologist is around $36.87 an hour or $50 000 to $70 000 a year. They work on average 40 hours a week. ENP Technologists have many different job opportunities such as in clinics, hospitals, and research labs. They also have opportunities to work in specialized clinics such as those for epilepsy and sleep disorders. These hours and opportunities make for a very good lifestyle for someone on this career path.

52

References

• http://alis.alberta.ca/occinfo/Content/RequestAction.asp?aspAction=GetHTMLProfile&format=html&occPro_ID=71002447&SNT_ID=25

• www.cdha.nshealth.ca/.../electro-neurophysiology-technologist.pdf • http://www.serha.ca/serha/careerfair/pdfs/eegtech.pdf • http://www.workingincanada.gc.ca/report-eng.do?area=27451&lang=eng&noc

=3218&province=12&action=final&ln=p&page=1&source=3&titleKeyword=Electroneurophysiology#job_opps

53

MEDQUEST PROGRAM Session 6

August 6 – 10, 2012

Row 1 (Front L-R): Juliana Collins, Jordan Osmond, Beth Chaytor, Clara Humby, Becky Reid, Megan Freake, Melissa Mills, Chelsie Culleton, Tamara Tulk, Amy Whyte, Molly Attwood, Victoria Rose, Mallory Pitts, Megan Bussey and Deirdre Clark (Instructor)

Row 2 (Back L-R): Reegan Anstey (Instructor), Blake Power, Claire Newhook, Laura

Philpott, Mark Hewitt, Ethan Devlin-Hiscock, Benjamin Feaver, William Forsey, David Grainger, Givan Pradhan, Ian Janes, Nathan Baker, Isabella Morgan, Amber Brenton, Chelsea Porter and Michelle Porter

54

Cardiologist

Beth Chaytor (Mount Pearl), Mount Pearl Senior High Benjamin Feaver (McCallum), St. Peters All Grade

William Forsey (Happy Valley-Goose Bay), Mealy Mountain Collegiate Mark Hewitt (St. John’s), Bishops College

Ian Janes (Mount Pearl), Mount Pearl Senior High Jordan Osmond (Grand Bay East), St. James Regional High

People say that they need a variety of things to be alive. They need friends, a job, a love life, money… but we only actually valves, need to be alive… a beating heart. The human heart is a complex puzzle of muscles, ventricles, atria, arteries and veins. A Cardiologist devotes their life to not just interpreting someone’s heart, but even better, fixing someone’s heart. She/he as a doctor diagnosis, diseases and ailments of the heart and the surrounding structures that allow us to do everyday life. A Cardiologist typical day starts with rounds. She/he listens to patients heart beats, analyzes chest tube output, and reviews the blood pressure. Unfortunately not everything can be diagnosed with a stethoscope and thermometer, and diagnostic tests must be run. A range of tests from echocardiograms, electrocardiograms, MRI’S, CT’s and x-ray’s – these all help Cardiologists, or any doctor in fact diagnosis their patient accurately. A Cardiologist works usually from 7:30 am to 5:00 pm. If a Cardiologist works in a clinic, he or she usually sees a patient every 15 minutes, this could involve questions such as ‘So you’re having chest pain in the morning, how frequent does this happen?’ or ‘when you’re lying down in the middle of the night, you find it hard to breathe? Does this happen every night? Do you feel pressure on your chest?’ A Cardiologist can perform up to 10 surgeries in a week. This involves checking the patient’s heartbeat, and making sure all pressures (SPO2, respiratory rate, and blood pressure) all are maintained during surgery. In an emergeny situation, a Cardiologist would be call to the emergency department to perform a consultation on an emergency patient. This could be running a code, pushing epi, adenosine, atropine, bagging the patient with a handheld ventilator, this could adding a central line to ensure that beneficial medications enter the main vessels of the heart, inserting a chest tube to remove a hem thorax, performing a pericardiocentesis, removing a pneumothorax. Anyone in the field of medicine is a devoted individual; this is evident because of the several years each person is in school. A Cardiologist, must complete and undergraduate degree of any type (this is allowed in Canada) and then apply to medical school. After countless hours studying for the MCAT,

55

and finally getting accepted, they begin four years of medical school. Followed by this is a residency, usually in Internal Medicine. After a brutal 5 years of residency, a minimum the year of fellowship is required till you can fully call yourself a certified Cardiologist. The salary of a Cardiologist depends on the amount of seniority, as well as where the cardiologist is working. The salary can vary anywhere from $200 000 to $400 000. An Interventional Cardiologist does an extra 2 years in a Cardiology fellowship, on top of the previous 2 – 3. Interventional Cardiologists are able to perform more advanced procedures, and spend most of their time in a hospital, performing such procedures as a balloon angioplasty, unblocking closed arteries, or inserting small metal stents into closing arteries. Most Interventional Cardiologists also spend some time weekly in an office, following up with patients after procedures, or consulting with them prior to the procedures. Interventional Cardiologists are said to make approximately $500,000 a year. A Cardiologist is an exciting career that takes medicine hands on. It involves working with patients and is incredibly rewarding. References

• http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/cardiology • http://www.med.mun.ca/getdoc/aca4b6f6-565e-4502-9c50-

3e3fda26af60/Cardiology.aspx • http://www.cardiosmart.org/cardiosmart/default.aspx?id=192 • http://www.theheart.org/article/1389009.do • http://healthcareers.about.com/od/physiciancareers/p/cardiologistpro.htm • http://my.clevelandclinic.org/heart/heart-blood-vessels/heart-facts.aspx

56

Massage Therapy

Molly Attwood (Mount Pearl), Booth Memorial Juliana Collins (Glovertown), Glovertown Academy

Michele Porter (Bareneed), Ascension Collegiate Blake Power (Clarenville), Clarenville High

Tamara Tulk (Aspen Cove), Pheonix Academy Massage Therapy is a particular career that uses their hands, fingers, forearms, and elbows to manipulate the muscles and soft tissues in the body. Massage Therapists aid in many things that include reducing patients stress, relieving pain, healing injuries, relaxation, and help with depression and anxiety. Massage Therapists asses their client’s condition and utilize medical history and form treatment plans that would include the patients back, neck, shoulders, or full body massages. Also include cold or light therapy. Massage Therapists work in many different environments including private offices, massage therapy clinics, chiropractors office, hospitals, sports facilities, and along with various other offices and clinics (they would work in similar environments as physiotherapists or other careers that would involve treatment to patients in muscle, joint and bone care). A Massage Therapy diploma or certificate is required. Courses include Anatomy, Physiology, Phycology, Humanities and Business. Other courses that would involve specialty skills as a Massage Therapists would be specific skills in massage techniques, remedial exercise and hydrotherapy. Other skills such as communicative skills, empathy, trust, understanding and listening are also required to have. Massage Therapy is taught in a college setting. In Newfoundland there is ‘The College of Massage Therapists’, ‘Academy Canada College’ and ‘Eastern College’. Colleges in Canada and other Countries include ‘Humber College (Toronto, Ontario) and ‘College of Massage Therapists’ located in British Columbia. An average salary for a Massage Therapist is $45,000.000 a year but varies depending on experience, place of employment and education. Some other interesting facts on Massage Therapy are that it dates back 4,000 years, with certain references have been found in writings from Japan, India, and Arabic nations, Egypt, Greece and Rome but was said to be first discovered in China. Massage Therapy was first officially offered as a core medical service in the summer Olympics in 1996 and was used as far back as Julius Caesar to aid his epilepsy. Reflexology is also a different task that relates to Massage Therapy, it is primarily a form of body work that focuses on the hands and feet. Reflex areas on the hands and feet correspond to specific organs, glands, and other parts of the body. Massaging theses parts of the hands and feet help to relax and/or relieve pain in different parts of the body.

• Swedish massage. This is a gentle form of massage that uses long strokes, kneading, deep circular movements, vibration and tapping to help relax and energize you.

• Deep-tissue massage. This massage technique uses slower, more forceful strokes to target the deeper layers of muscle and connective tissue, commonly to help with muscle damage from injuries.

57

• Sports massage. This is similar to Swedish massage but is geared toward people involved in sport activities to help prevent or treat injuries.

• Trigger point massage. This massage focuses on trigger points, or sensitive areas of tight muscle fibers that can form in your muscles after injuries or overuse

• Benefits: • Stress relief • Managing anxiety and depression • Pain • Stiffness • Blood pressure control • Infant growth • Sports-related injuries • Boosting immunity • Cancer treatment

Massage therapy and cancer treatment: Cancer patients use therapeutic massage to improve symptom control and their personal sense of wellbeing. Helps with anxiety Income Potential for Registered Massage Therapists The income potential for Registered Massage Therapists (RMTs) varies tremendously, depending on the nature of employment and years of experience. Hourly rates for a massage treatment currently range from $60 to $110, depending upon the setting, region of the country and the experience of the therapist. Massage Therapy as a career offers you tremendous flexibility with both your time and income potential. There are a variety of ways that a Massage Therapist can be paid. Some are paid by a combination of salary/hourly rate and commissions (percentage of treatment); others may be on a salary or commissions (percentage of treatment) alone. Another option is self-employment in which case the therapist will receive the full cost of the treatment but must deduct overhead expenses/taxes. According to the College of Massage Therapists of Ontario, about 50% of Massage Therapists maintain a private practice. The Massage Therapists in the field who are financially successful and happy are those who became Massage Therapists because of a sincere desire to help other people, who have good skills, and who have the determination necessary to achieve success. Your income potential in this field depends on your goals, skills, and initiative.

58

References

• National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine • http://nccam.nih.gov/health/massage/massageintroduction.htm • News in Health • http://newsinhealth.nih.gov/issue/jul2012/feature2 • College of Massage Therapists of Newfoundland and Labrador • http://www.cmtnl.ca/ • Career Cruising • http://public.careercruising.com/ca/en • MedicinePlus • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/

59

Ophthalmologist

Megan Bussey (Bay Roberts), Ascension Collegiate Chelsie Culleton (Green’s Harbour), Crescent Collegiate

Ethan Devlin-Hiscock (Gander), Gander Collegiate Melissa Mills (Grand Falls-Windsor), Exploits Valley High

Isabella Morgan (St. John’s), Gonzaga High School Rebecca Reid (Rocky Harbour), Gros Morne Academy

Ophthalmologists are physicians who diagnose and treat optical diseases including, glaucoma, cataracts and vision issues such as near sightedness and eye injuries. Throughout this profession the work place ranges from clinics within hospitals, optical stores and vision care centers. In order to become an Ophthalmologist it is essential to obtain well rounded skills such as personal interaction. Throughout Canada there are 1126 Ophthalmologists, 81% are male and 19% are female in which, 57% of ophthalmologists work in an urban population setting. Within Canada, 86% of Ophthalmologists work in a private office, where just over half work in a solo practice and 31% work in a group practice where all the tasks are divided among the physicians. A typical week for a Canadian Ophthalmologist consists of seeing approximately 135 patients and working 52 hours per week during office hours. In addition, Ophthalmologists are on call for an average of 130 hours a month where approximately 20 hours are spent on direct patient care, seeing close to 25 patients. As well, nearly ¾ of Ophthalmologists are available to their patients outside of regular practice hours. The journey to become an Ophthalmologist consists of several hardworking years in university beginning with a bachelor degree of three or four years. This degree is not limited to the science department, arts degrees are also recognized as pre requisites for medical schools. Upon completion of a bachelor degree an extensive application process is required for acceptance into medical school. The three major categories are academic achievement, volunteer or community involvement and the interview. Across Canada there are exceptional medical schools including Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador Medical School. After completing four years of medical school a five year residency program is required consisting of a one year clinical training program and four years residency in Ophthalmology. During the one year clinical training program six essential subjects are covered for the duration of one to three months, these subjects include neurology, pediatrics, internal medicine and neuroimaging. Following clinical training the four year residency in Ophthalmology includes several subjects which are taught for a minimum of three months each including, research, glaucoma, neuro-ophthalmology and emergency eye conditions. Ophthalmology is the highest paid specialized medical profession within Canada, the salary ranges from $300 000 to $500 000 per year. In addition, an Ophthalmologist who specializes in retinal diseases earn a higher salary of up to $1 000 000 a year. By developing a personal facility the potential for an increased salary is available among Ophthalmologists especially those who have completed subspecialties.

60

Ophthalmologists are the bases of creating a vision for the future. They have the authority to prescribe corrective optics and contact lenses for their clients. Although this is an important responsibility of an Ophthalmologist, there are a plethora of other responsibilities including diagnosing eye abnormalities and diseases affecting the eye and vision. As well, Ophthalmologists are not limited to treating and diagnosing conditions within the eye but also including the flesh, bones and muscles that surround the eye. Once the Ophthalmologist has diagnosed the patient, then a treatment plan is created involving medicine or surgery References

• www.cma.ca • www.salaryblog.org • www.eyesite.ca

61

Internist

Amber Brenton (Norman’s Cove), Crescent Collegiate Laura Philpott (St. John’s), Bishops College

Mallory Pitts (Mount Pearl), O’Donel High School Chelsea Porter (Port au Grave), Ascension Collegiate

Givan Pradhan (Happy Valley-Goose Bay), Mealy Mountain Collegiate Amy Whyte (South East Bight), St. Anne’s School

No, an Internist is not an Intern. An intern is a medical student in their first year of residency. An Internist is a doctor of Internal Medicine, has their degree in medicine and has spent their residency in the department of Internal Medicine. An Internist focuses on adult diseases and the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of those diseases. Internists treat a variety of illnesses from one extreme to another. For example, they can treat Influenza, more seriously Diabetes, and something as severe as Meningitis. The educational requirements to pursue a career in Internal Medicine includes an undergraduate degree, which takes three to four years, admittance and completion of Medical School, which takes four years, and the completion of their residency in Internal Medicine, which takes anywhere from three to five years. Internists can also subspecialize in areas such as:

• Cardiology- dealing with disorders of the heart and blood vessels • Neurology- dealing with disorders of the brain and surrounding tissues • Endocrinology- dealing with disorders of the endocrine system (hormones) • Rheumatology- dealing with rheumatic diseases (such as arthritis) • Gastroenterology- dealing with digestive diseases • Nephrology- dealing with the function and diseases of the kidney • Pulmonology- dealing with diseases of the lungs and respiratory tract • Oncology- dealing with cancer • Immunology- dealing with disorders of the immune system • Hematology- dealing with disorders of the blood and blood-forming organs • Infectious Disease- dealing with rare disorders of all varieties

Subspecializing can vary greatly in length. The salary of an Internist can vary anywhere from $50, 000 up to $200, 000. Your salary depends on your seniority, how long you have been practicing, and who you are employed through, either the public health system or a private practice. An Internist is frequently called ``the Doctor`s Doctor. They are called this because other doctors often ask an Internist for help in their own cases. Internists are a very crucial part in the diagnosis and treatment of a patient and often work with other doctors on specific cases. An Internist has both the range and the depth to diagnose illnesses that might escape detection by a specialist if they lie outside his or her special field.

62

Your career as an Internist can be quite flexible. You can be community-based or work in an academic centre. You can work in a mid-sized city or a major centre. You can be involved with research, teaching, or administration as much or as little as you like. You can be involved with the inpatient medicine service or CTU, or the inpatient GIM consult service. You might choose to do treadmill tests, holter monitors, endoscopies, or read echocardiograms. You can divide your inpatient/outpatient time however you’d like, and most internists I know have a balance of both. References

• http://healthcareers.about.com/od/healthcareerprofiles/p/IntMedMDprofile.htm • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_medicine • www.medicine.usask.ca/medicine/residencyprogram/index.html • www.premed101.com

63

Neurologist

Nathan Baker (Clarenville), Clarenville High Megan Freake (Grand Falls-Windsor), Exploits Valley High

David Grainger (St. John’s), Bishops College Clara Humby (Roddickton), Cloud River Academy

Claire Newhook (Dildo), Crescent Collegiate Victoria Rose (Mount Pearl), O’Donel High School

A Neurologist is a health care professional who must perform many different tasks. A Neurologist’s main objective is to examine patients for disorders, diseases and injuries affecting the spinal cord, brain, central nervous system and muscles. Some of these disorders include Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, strokes, tumors, Epilepsy, Multiple Sclerosis, as well as mental disorders such as Attention Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Schizophrenia, and Autism. A Neurologist is also responsible for ordering and interpreting medical tests. The information obtained from these Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) Scans or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can be used to help make a diagnosis. A patient’s cognitive abilities including memory and speech may be tested as well as their reflexes, balance and range of motion. A physical examination of the head and neck may also be performed depending on symptoms. After a diagnosis is made a Neurologist will develop a treatment plan to help a patient recover from and manage their condition. Neurologists are doctors that work specifically with the nervous system. It takes a lot of dedication to become a Neurologist because of the many years of schooling that it involves. Once they receive the title of Neurologist they become very highly regarded. Not simply for their impressing intellectual abilities but for their ability to communicate very efficiently with their patients. It is what they do for most of their work day. Their work days are often very long and strenuous; resulting in their high salaries. It is an extremely social career with many benefits. To become a Neurologist you have to be very studious. The path to a career in Neurology is not a quick one: Aspiring Neurologists will take two to three (or even four) years for their undergraduate degree, four years for medical school and finally five years for their residency. This is all assuming they are accepted their first year into medical school, which is uncommon. Although it takes many years of schooling to become a Neurologist the salary can be quite high and you would be very economically stable. During the five year residency program of Neurology the residents would be making anywhere between $42,000 to $70,000 dollars per year. Once the residence program is completed you become a full-fledged Neurologist and would be making $100,000 to $250,000 per year. If even that isn’t enough money for you, you could become the Chief of Neurology for your region or province after many years of experience and you would be making $200,000 to $300,000 per year. Like many healthcare professions, Neurology is a very high paying and rewarding career, but it takes a lot of hard work to achieve those kinds of paychecks.

64

Overall, Neurology is a very fascinating and rewarding career in all aspects. They say loving what you do makes your job not so much as a job, rather more of a hobby. If interested in having a career in something that gives you the opportunity to help people, use the latest scientific technology, and diagnose patients with challenging disorders then Neurology may be something to consider for you as a career choice!

References

• https://www.careercruising.com/Careers/JobDetails.aspx?LoginID=4cb3f054-e89c-4641-b16d-285a997258da-&&OccNumber=578&field=Education

• https://www1.cfnc.org/Plan/For_A_Career/Career_Profile/Career_Profile.aspx?id=CWAtmS3yYUWczHQyWXAP2BPAXstngXAP3DPAXXAP3DPAX

www.med.mun.ca/medquest/

MedQuest, Student Affairs

Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University

St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6

T: 709 777 6690 • F: 709 777 8296

exploringHEALTH CAREERS