THE HISTORY OF EVERYTHINGSummed Up in About 10 Minutes

THE BEGINNING OF THE UNIVERSE

The Big Bang occurs and the universe is formed

The universe continually expands, as matter cools galaxies of stars and planets form

Thought to be about 13.7 billion years ago

THE MILKY WAY GALAXY FORMS

About 13.2 billion years go

Today consists of 200-400 million stars

Probably at least 10 billion planets considered a livable distance from a sun

THE SUN FORMS

About 4.57 billion years A supernova causes

shockwaves which forces clouds of gas together

It’s incredible mass and gravity cause fusion reactions to occur- releasing lots of light and heat

THE EARTH FORMS

About 4.54 billion years ago

Leftover gases and dusts come together forming planets

Only took 10-20 million years

Moon forms about 4.53 billion years ago

THE EARLY EARTH

Had no oxygen Was very hot and

molten, but slowly began to cool

Volcanoes spewed gases into the air, forming a primitive atmosphere

Meteor/asteroid strikes were common

THE OCEANS FORM

About 4.4 billion years ago

The earth had cooled enough for water to condense

Thought to be where life first began

COMPLEX MOLECULES FORM

UV radiation and lightening hitting simple gases was able to form complex molecules like: Nucleotides Proteins Carbohydrates

Proved to be possible – we can do this in a lab!

Some alien molecules landed with asteroids?????

AND LIFE BEGAN BY….

We really don’t know, but believe it was about 3.5-3.9 billion years ago

This is where things get very hypothetical, there are a few models, each which have some evidence supporting them and some flaws

This is NOT ADDRESSED by Darwin or Evolution

THE BASICS OF EXTREMELY COMPLICATED THEORIES

Self-replicating molecules must have formed Thought to possibly be RNA?

Metabolism must have evolved First life could manipulate its environment?

Membranes must have evolved Lipids were first form of life?

Some combination of above 3? Clay model?

THE UNIVERSAL COMMON ANCESTOR There is strong

evidence that all life shares a single common ancestor

Evidence also suggests that it was a heterotrophic prokaryote

No organelles, no photosynthesis

FEATURES OF THE LUCA FOUND IN EVERYTHING

Last Universal Common Ancestor

DNA as code RNA as code

carrier Ribosomes as

protein factories Amino

acids/proteins Cell membranes

PHOTOSYNTHESIS EVOLVED

In bacteria-like simple organisms about 3.3 billion years ago

Produced oxygen which led to the ozone layer

Also led to the evolution of aerobic cellular respiration

EUKARYOTES EVOLVED

About 1.5-2.1 billion years ago

At some point we think one cell engulfed a photosynthetic bacteria – forming a cell with a chloroplast

Same thing happened to create mitochondria

MULTI-CELLULAR ORGANISMS EVOLVE About 1 billion

years ago Probably has

happened several times

Colonies of single cells came together??

ANIMALS EVOLVE

About 600 million years ago in water

Simple sponge-like creatures

PLANTS COME TO LAND

About 475 million years ago

Provide food on land

Insects follow about 75 million years later

AMPHIBIANS COME TO LAND

About 350 million years ago

A population of fish was able to survive on land for longer and longer periods of time over many generations

THE FIRST MAMMALS EVOLVE

About 200 million years ago (about 100 million years after reptiles, 50 million years before birds, 70 million years before flowers)

Were around with the dinosaurs

PRIMATES EVOLVE

About 55 million years ago

Thought to be small, the size of a squirrel

HOMO GENUS EVOLVES

About 2.5 million years ago

Which exact species are the ancestor not well understood

HUMANS EVOLVE

About 200,000 years ago About 0.004% of Earth’s

existence, 0.005% of the time life has existed, and 0.03% of the time animals have existed

We have been around for a very short time (relatively)

TIMELINE

THE ENTIRE HUMAN EXISTENCE IS A BLINK OF AN EYE