summary of transport application of the sra draft, version december 2004 h2/fc tp sra - transport...
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Summary of Transport Application of the SRA draft, version December 2004
H2/FC TP SRA - Transport Applications
• Applications
• Fuel Cell System Technical Targets
• Key subsystem development
• Hydrogen Storage
• Research Strategy & budget priorities
R. v. Helmolt, Adam Opel AG, Fuel Cell Activities
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Summary of Transport Application of the SRA draft, version December 2004
Applications
• Ground Transportation
• Air Transportation
• Marine Transportation
Propulsion:• Focus on Direct H2• Passenger Cars• City Busses
On-Board Power Generation (APU)• Hydrocarbon Fuels• Direct H2
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Summary of Transport Application of the SRA draft, version December 2004
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles in 2015Fuel Cell System Technical Targets
•Focus on PEM Fuel Cell System
•Robust: Freeze-Start capable and -25°C/+45°C Operation
•Efficient: > 40 % in NEDC
•Vehicle Range > 400 km
•Durable: > 5000 hours
•Compact and Lightweight: 1,5 kg/kW and 1,5 l/kW (w/o electric drive and storage)
•Cost Projection: 100 EUR / kW for production of 150.000 units/year
•Buses: moderate system dynamics, but durability > 10000 h
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Summary of Transport Application of the SRA draft, version December 2004
Other Transport Applications
• Ships, Forklift Trucks, Wheelchairs with similar targets on Dynamics and Power Density
• Benchmarking to Conventional Systems: Efficiency is main Advantage
• Power levels 5 kW - 100 kW
• Auxillary Powervehicles, defense systems, marine and aeronautic application
Use of liquid fuel requires Compact and Efficient Reformer
• Hydrogen ICE Vehicles with > 22 % Efficiency
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Summary of Transport Application of the SRA draft, version December 2004
Key subsystem developmentFuel Cell Stack: Focus on MEA as Key Component
• Lower Pt content in the catalyst: 1 mg/cm²• Increase Areal Power Density: 1 W/cm²• Develop new Membrane: Operating
Temperature up to 120 °C Low humidification effort: < 10% rel. gas humidity Polymer membrane cost < 20 EUR / m²• Series manufacturing and Recycling for high-volume scenario
PEFC System Components• Air compressor with high efficiency, dynamic and quiet operation
Reformer Systems• Targets are high efficiency (>75%), low emissions (< SULEV), low startup time (< 20 s), high power density (> 1,5 kW/l and kg) and durability (6000h)
SOFC stack for APU
Hydrogen ICE
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Summary of Transport Application of the SRA draft, version December 2004
Major Cross-cutting Issue: Energy Storage
• Hydrogen Storage Essential for Transportation Applications. Energy Density Target: > 2 kWh/l and 2 kWh/h
• Liquid Hydrogen Storage: Highest Energy Density, but Boil-off Losses
• High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage up to 700 bar
• Hydrogen Storage in solid-state comounds might be future solution
• Alternative Liquid Fuel & On-Board reforming considered only second in ranking due to slow progress in efficiency, emissions and complexity. Earlier introduction in niche markets as for APU application is however possible.
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Summary of Transport Application of the SRA draft, version December 2004
Research Strategy 2005 - 2015 and Recommendation
• Advance Fuel Cell Technology towards Commercial Viability
• Highest priority for PEM Stack Components, as these are major cost drivers and require most Innovation and R&D effort
• Introduce new and improved materials and technologies suitable for high-volume Production
• Guide R&D by Application-Oriented Requirements and promote cooperation of research institutes with according Industry who should derive those requirements from system specification
• Verify Subsystems in Suitable Application (like hybrid) for practical experience
• Use Hydrogen-ICE to promote infrastructure and local emission reduction
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Summary of Transport Application of the SRA draft, version December 2004
Year 1 - 5 Year 6 - 10
PEM Stack
(Membrane, Catalyst, other)
42 % 18 %
SOFC for Transportation 4 % 4 %
Reformer Systems 8 % 8 %
PEM System Components (Air supply, E-Drive)
14 % 8 %
System Integration
Verification
18 % 16 %
8 %
Verification Program --- 22 %
Basic research and crosscuttings
16 % 16 %
Research budget priorities for transportation applications