conclusion

1. A synthetic diamond probe for both low-energy mammography X-rays and high-energy electron therapy beams [1]

From the presented dosimetric characterization of the response of the synthetic diamond probe to electron beams in the range6–14 MeV and low-energy X-ray photons in the range25–32 kVp,it

can be concluded that a single well shielded low noise level probe with synthetic diamond as sensor could find applications in both low-energy diagnostic X-rays and high-energy electron therapy beams.

the range of 25-32kVp of low-energy x-ray photons and range 6-14MeV is the range to have dosimetric characterization of the response of the synthetic diamond which concluded both low-energy diagnostic X-rays and high-energy electron therapy beams using a shielded low noise level probe with synthetic diamond.

2.) A free-airionizationchamberwithalargeaperturediaphragm [10]

-Using the passage of the x-ray beam and diaphragm with a hole, it is possible to make a free-air ionization using those materials. The alteration of the electric field to the charge collection volume becomes extremely small when it is applying half of the voltage to the high-voltage electrode to the shieling box. The instance on the hole is not big angles can be reduce by collimating the x-ray field, Most X—rays scattered from the collimator, filter and air. Increasing the voltage applied to the high-voltage electrode this can be overcome. Covering the shield box and applying 50% of the high voltage to the diaphragm and small sections of the wall near the windows, the risk of shock will decrease.

3. Radiation transmissionfcolemanite,tincalconiteandulexite for 6and18MVX raysbyusinglinearaccelerator [4]

The mass attenuation coefficient of a sample decrease with increasing values of x-ray energy. At 6 and 16 MeV, the X-rays do not correspond to the energies. U sing the XCOM and the chemical information the mass attenuation coefficient of these minerals like boron can be calculated. Elements have close or higher mass attenuation coffients are the once that have a lower atomic numbers can be used as to shield photon and neutron particle transition.

conclusion

4. Synthetic diamond X-ray dosimeter for radiotherapy [8]

The Synthetic diamond X-ray dosimeter works well as the current detectors due it showed high-spatial resolution even in small fields and can the typical measurement can be measured like the tissue maximum ratio, output factor, and off-axis ratio.

5. Effect ofparticlesize,fillerloadingsandx-raytubevoltageonthetransmitted xray transmission in tung stenoxide— epoxy composites [9]

The ability to attenuate the x-ray beams is better when it is generated for lower tube voltages (25–35kV) than to the micro-sized WO3-epoxycomposite. But in the higher tube voltages range (40–120kV), the role of particle size in x-ray shielding was insignificant

6.Determination of half value layers of X-ray equipment using computed radiography imaging plates [2]

Using IP of CR system was developed to determining the HVL of inverter-type X-ray equipment and using an ionization chamber the accuracy of the method can be compare to the traditional method. Using the modified equation HVLs from 1.8 to 5.5 mm Al can be determined within an uncertainty between 7 and 4%

Utilizing IP of CR framework was created to deciding the HVL of inverter-sort X-ray supplies and utilizing an ionization chamber the exactness of the system can be rival the customary strategy. Utilizing the adjusted comparison Hvls from 1.8 to 5.5 mm Al can be dead set inside a vulnerability between 7 and 4%

8. Construction and calibration of a multipurpose instrument to simultaneously measure dose, voltage and half-value layer in X-ray emission equipment [3]

Making a multipurpose instrument in X-ray machine that measure at the same time the dose (air kerma), peak voltage (kVp) and half-value layer (HVL) will help the quality control of X-ray supplies routinely used as a part of indicative and interventional radiological systems. Based on the observation there was an 8.4% inconsistency between HVL qualities gathered using proposed multipurpose instrument with those of a reference standard ionization chamber. The calibration curve R X kVp was acceptable with materials with right amount of thickness and materials with higher z, in addition to that materials that have small thickness , especially for peak voltages higher than 70 kVp and low atomic number materials it has unpredictable results concerning kVp

conclusion

9.) Partial body irradiation of small laboratory animals with an industrial X-ray tube [5]

The performance in basic dosimetry of the X-ray tube was suitable with the water phantom. To in order a precise partial body irradiation of small animals, the field size of an industrial X-ray tube must be decrease. In addition to that it is feasible with adequate secondary collimator inserts even to the smaller secondary collimator sizes than 10 by 10mm^2.

10. Energy spectra in water for the 6 MV X-ray therapeutic beams generated by Clinac-2300 linac [7]

The data that was gathered is useful for the accurate absorbed depth-dose determination. Most of the data obtain for a cylindrical 1.41 cm3 bin with the radius of 1.5 cm. the total number of photon registered in a bin is related to a bin size is independent to the radiation field and depth in water, in addition to that both beam mean energy and the shapes of the spectra does not on a bin size.

11. First TDCRmeasurementsatlowenergiesusingaminiaturex-raytube[6]

using the Birks Formula which depends on the scintillation yield and the kB factor to implemented in theTDCR-Geant 4 in order to perform the non-linearity of light emission also by extending to the assessment of these parameters , measurements with the x-ray tube are performed then 3H activity was measured by TDCR-Geant4.