RUHIIRA, UGANDA:Addressing links between agriculture and nutritionClare Sullivan, MIA candidate, Columbia UniversityJuly 1- August 16, 2008

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%P

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Underweight

Stunting

Wasting

0%

MT NP KD EK TM UR KS SP MM GB RM NI

Pre

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Study Questions

- What is the level of crop diversity on farm? - What is the level of crop diversity on farm from a nutritional perspective? - Which species or varieties have potential to fill in nutritional gaps- How are crop and livestock diversity related to diet diversity and to nutritional status at the household level?

Field visit, surveys, and focal groups• 60 Household surveys

– FANTA nutrition and food security

– Household purchase and sale of food items

– Contribution to school feeding

– Diversity of livestock, and seed

– Plot level agrobiodiversity survey

– Collection of basic characteristics of plot:

position, GPS, soil samplesposition, GPS, soil samples

• 10 Focal groups– Indigenous, neglected crops

– Post-harvest practices

Plot level Agrobiodiversity• 72 different food crops

• Average species richness per household:

19.88

• Grown in small quantities within the

• Grown in small quantities within the banana plantation

• Average species richness per banana plantation: 13.77

• Many were in the majority of plots: eggplant, amaranth, cocoyam, chili pepper

Mean: 20.37

Median: 20.00

SD: 4.12

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Number of sp

ecies

Species Richness (MV1)

Species richness

Average

Mean: 19.38

Median: 21.00

SD: 6.84

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Number of sp

ecies

Species Richness (MV2)

species richness

average

Crops: # of varieties

Bananas: 36 varieties

Sweet Potatoes: 27 varieties

Beans: 21 varieties

Agrobiodiversity

Beans: 21 varieties

Millet: 13 varieties

Potatoes: 11 varieties

Amaranth: 10 varieties

Cassava: 9 varieties

Eggplant: 8 varieties

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

carrots

cocoyam (Colocasia)

ekinyabwita

ekituluguma

ekitugunda = nkutugunda

kabakanjagara (sw

eet …

lemon

mushroom

onion

peas

red berries (bush)

spiderplant

sunflower

yam

ginger

millet

soy bean

lantana (coloured m

int)

lemon grass

guava

pepper (green)

pigeon pea

mulberry

cardam

om

omujaja

calabash gourd

gooseberries

cowpea

jackfruit

amakondokondo

cabbage

kale

tobacco

orange

coffee

groundnut

pineapple

passionfruit

sorghum

pepper (chili)

black nightshade

eggplant

papaya

pumpkin

sugarcane

bean

mango

cocoyam (Xanthosoma)

avocado

cassava

katunkuma

maize

Irish potato

sweet potatoes

amaranthus sp.

banana

tomato

% of farm

s where crop is present

Prevalence on farm (MV1)

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

amatunguru

apple

cabbage

chayote

colocasia

ekituluguma

ekikoma

lemon

loofah

millet

omufumbwa

omuhaja

rice

tangerine

yam

enyabutongo

vanilla

calabash gourd

tree tomato

lemon grass

carrots

soy bean

varantin/ekifantin

ginger

omujaja

amakondokondo

kale

pepper (green)

pigeon pea

spiderplant

gooseberries

jackfruit

orange

pineapple

sugarcane

black nightshade

passionfruit

eggplant

groundnut

guava

Irish potato

coffee

sorghum

bean

pepper (chili)

cassava

papaya

pumpkin

maize

mango

sweet potatoes

amaranthus sp.

tomato

avocado

cocoyam

katunkuma

banana

% of farm

s where crop is present

Prevalence on farm (MV2)

ekitugunda = nkutugunda

0102030405060708090

100

Prevalence of Food Groups (MV1)

0102030405060708090

100

Prevalence of Food Groups (MV2)

Underutilized crops

Household Economies Income from Crop Sales

200000

250000

0

50000

100000

150000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

MV1 Households

Total Income

Average: 35,3953Median: 15, 000SD: 55, 560 1600 Ugandan shillings = $1

MVI Crops Sold: 2 Weeks

70%

80%

90%

100%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

MV1 Households

Added Value Products

Animal Products

Coffee

Cereals

Beans

Tubers

Other fruits

Banana

Household Economy, cont.Income from Crop Sales

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

MV1 Households

Other sources

Bananas