suited energy source for the current or future society by engr. majid ali

8/10/2019 Suited Energy Source for the Current or Future Society by Engr. Majid Ali

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Suited Energy Source for

The Current or FutureSociety(Alternate Energy Sources for the 21stCentury)

Engr. Majid Ali

Students of MS Electric Power and Energy EngineeringSchool of Science and Technology, University of Management and Technology


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Problem & Opportunity

Several ProblemsAir & water pollution

Health effects of pollution

Oil depletion/ imports

Global warming from CO2

One Solution

Renewable energysourcescause minimalpollution, dont causeglobal warming and are

locally available


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Pollution

US power plants emit 18 million tons of SO2per year +

NOx, particulates, carbon monoxide, mercury and lead

Energy production & use also contribute to Waterpollution

Houston has been in violation of federal air quality

standards since they began in the 1970s

The Houston/Galveston area must be in compliance by

2007 because we were designated as a "severe" ozone

area.


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Global Warming

Throughout history, the earth has beenmuch colder, and at times warmer, than itis now But climate change is occurring 100s of times

faster than these natural changes CO2, CH4, N2O, O3and soot all cause warming

Global average air temperature has risen1F in the past 50 years

But, this has already resulted in melting icesheets, migration of animals and moresevere weather


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Whats the Alternative?

And whats the hold up?

Renewable energy generally

cost more than conventional

fossil fuel energy systems

Solar 11 - 40 /kWh

depending on the

technology

Wind 5 - 15 /kWh from

large wind turbines

But what if you consider the big picture?


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There are lots of

AlternativesNuclearHydroelectricWindSolarWave Tidal

GeothermalBio-massHelium 3 (from the moon)


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WindWind turbinesmodern windmills

have become quite efficient and cost

effective in windy areas


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Solar Electric

Solar Photovoltaic (PV)

panels generate electricity

directly from sunlight withspecial materials

Solar electricity canalso be generated fromthe suns heat instead

of burning fossil fuels


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Solar Thermal

Heat from the sun can beused to heat water, houses,

pools, in industry and togenerate electricity


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Passive SolarUses sun angles,

shading and

thermal storage

Daylighting is usingnatural sunlightinstead of electriclights


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Solar Cookers

Many differentdesigns

Can improve health &reduce deforestationin developing

countries


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Solar Cars?

Hybrid and Electriccars are coming

Why not solarcharge them?


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Water Energy

Hydro-electric, wave, tide


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Geothermal & Bio-mass


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A Future Hydrogen

Economy?Solar energy can

split water into

hydrogen & oxygenA fuel cell can make

electricity fromhydrogen and

oxygen, makingwater

A completely clean,

renewable cycle


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Future of Energy

The transition of energy from

conventional, fossil fuels to cleanerrenewables will take decadesnatural gas will survive for years

Al Gore, global warming advocatepushes for no fossil fuels in thenext 8 years, but renewables,

conservation, and efficiency arestill developing and must changefrom ~4% to over 90% in a short

time


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Future of Energy

Electrical grid must change tocarry renewable energy fromresource to load centers (cities)

Rechargeable vehicles are asclean as the utility source, whichwill shift from coal to renewablesdue to politics, ideology, and

good practices


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Future of

Renewable Energy Wind power continues to grow at ~30% - 40%

per year

As turbines become more widespread, thepushbackagainst them fades

Solar energy responds to cheaper solarmodules and government subsidies

Geothermal heat pumps operate moreefficiently and standard heat pumps havefittings for adding a ground source/sink loop

Biofuels develop at commercial levels, andengines are redesigned to accept these fuels

Hydroelectric systems are added at the


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Future of

Renewable Energy Ocean tidal, wave and current energy

develops for coastal areas

Current energy devices providetechnology for river and some stream

energy extraction Distributed energy from rooftop solar

water and electrical systems reduceneed for transmission line installations

Nuclear fission spent fuel is recycled tomake additional fuel (not really arenewable)

Nuclear fusion remains a 30-year

technology


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Conclusions Humans must have air, water, food, and energy

Fossil fuel pollution may increase GreenHouse Effectbelieved to cause global warming

Future cars likely will be plug-in hybrids runningoccasionally on CNG, bioethanol or biodiesel for longtrips; design options based upon area

Trains will replace aircraft for civilian long trips (price,convenience, and harassment factor)

Renewable energy offers a long-term, sustainableapproach to the Worldsenergy needs, but costs more

Cost decreases plus fossil fuels increase in price

Economics drives the selection process and short-term(first cost) thinking leads to disregard of long-term,overall cost --- this attitude must change!

Increasing oil, natural gas, and coal prices will ensurethat the transition to renewable energy will occur


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Thank you!Questions? ? ?

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suited energy source for the current or future society by engr. majid ali

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