succession midterms magic notes

8/12/2019 Succession Midterms Magic Notes

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AUFLAWBATCH2MAGICNOTES

1

WILLSANDSUCCESSION

MIDTERMSREVIEWER

June27,2009

1. Whatissuccession?

Article774,

It isamodeofacquisitionbyvirtueofwhichtheproperty,rightsandobligationstotheextentofthe

valueoftheinheritance,ofapersonaretransmittedthroughhisdeathtoanotherorotherseitherbyhis

willorbyoperationoflaw.

ImportantElementsoftheDefinition:

(a)modeofacquisition(orownership)

(b)transferofproperty,rightsandobligationstotheextentofthevalueoftheinheritance,ofa

person(called

grantor

or

transferor,

decedent,

testator,

or

intestate)

(c)transmissionthrudeath(notduringlife)

(d)transmissiontoanother(calledgrantee,ortransferee,heir,legatee,ordevisee)

(e)bywillofbyoperationoflaw(testamentaryoflegalsuccession)

2. Ifapersondies leavingmanyunpaiddebsbutthesonisamillionairecanthesonbeliabletothedebtsof

thefatherwhodied?

NO

3. Supposingtheassetsofthedecedentwereexhaustedandtherearestillunpaiddebts,canthesonbemade

liable?

NO

Thedebtsareonlychargeabletotheestateofthedecedent. Asearlyofarticle1311,evenifthesonisa

millionairethesonisnotobligatedtopaythedebts,thereisnolegalobligation.

4. Issuccessionsameasinheritance?

NO

The inheritance is the legal object of successionwhich consist of all the property, rights etc of the

decedent.

Successionisthelegalmodebywhichinheritanceistransmittedduetodeath.

5. Sowhatisincludedintheinheritance?

Allthepropertiesandrightsandobligationsofthedecedentincludingrightswhichmighthaveaccrued

afterdeath.


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6. Ifexample,afterhisdeath there isaccretion throughalluvium thearea increased,would the inheritance

includealltheareaoftheaccretion?

YES

Article777.

Rights

are

transmitted

from

the

moment

of

death

of

the

decedent.

Therefore,

from

the

momentofdeath,thepropertyalreadytransmittedtotheheirs.

Oneoftherightsofownership,youaretheownerofanyaccretion

7. Thereseemstobeaconflictintermsofunderlyingprinciples,eventheaccessionsofthepropertyoccurred

afterthedeathofthedecedenttheycanbemadeliabletopayforthedeathsofthedecedents.

8. Cantherebetestateorintestatesuccessionwithoutdeath?

YES. Itdealswithpresumptivedeath.

9. Whenis

aperson

considered

dead?

Actualdeath.

10.Mister x sufferedmassiveheartattack,examinedby twodoctorsandagreed thathe isdead.Theyeven

filledoutthedeathcertificate.Hisrelativestookhimhomeforfuneral,around11amhestoodupandask

foraglassofwater. Washedeadfrom7amto11amandwastheresuccessiononthatshorttime?

Inalegalpointofviewthereisnotemporarydeath.

Deathisthemostpermanentthingfromthepointofviewofthelaw,soduringthisperiodhewasnot

dead.Thisisbecausetheeffectofdeathisradical.

11.Canwe

agree

on

astandard

for

determining

whether

aperson

is

dead?

A person is dead if his vital functions, his essential organs and bodily functions have all ceased to

functionandthesameisirreversibleincharacter.(Walangheartbeat,etc.)

12. Itistruethatdeathtransferstherightstothesuccession,butonlyifthefollowingconditionsarepresent:

Note:AlsocalledastherequisitesforsuccessionMortisCausa

1)thatindeedtherehasbeenadeath(eitheractualorpresumed)

2)thattherightsorpropertiesareindeedtransmissibleordescendible

3)thatthetransfereeis:

a)stillalive(nopredecease)

b)willing

(no

repudiation)

c)iscapacitatedtoinherit

13.Death,forpurposesofsuccession,maybepresumedandthereforeopenshissuccession.

However, it isnecessary thathemusthavebeenabsent forat leastten (10)years, itbeingunknown

whetherornothestilllives.


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Exceptions:

First, if the absentee disappeared after the age of seventy five (75), in which case anabsenceoffive(5)yearsshallbesufficientinorderthathissuccessionmaybeopened;

Second,iftheabsenteedisappearedunderanyoneofthethreecircumstancesunderArticle391oftheNCC,inwhichcaseanabsenceoffour(4)yearsshallbesufficient.

a)Apersononboardavessellostduringaseavoyage,oranaeroplanewhichismissing

b)Apersoninthearmedforceswhohastakenpartinwar

c)Apersonwhohasbeenindangerofdeathunderothercircumstances

Seepage11ofJuradosbook

14.AbsencemayeitherbeOrdinaryabsenceorExtraordinaryabsence.

Inordinaryabsencethewaitingperiodis10yearsandincasethepersonismorethan75years,5years

becausethelawisbasedonprobabilities,theprobabilityishighthatifapersonismorethan75hewill

die.

Ifthere

is

ahigh

risk

of

danger

or

probability

of

death

it

is

extraordinary

absence.

15.Whenisdeathdeemedtohaveoccurredinthecaseofextraordinaryabsence?

Itisataboutthetimewhenhedisappearedandnotattheendoffour(4)years.

Inotherwords, at the endof four (4) years, thepresumptionwill arise thatdeathoccurred4 years

before(Paras,page18).

A person boarded an airplane on 2001 andwentmissing thereafter. As of 2004 therewould be a

presumptionofdeath,thenextlogicalquestioniswhenishehavedeemedtohavedied?

Itisatthetimeofthedisappearance,becauseitisforallprobabilityitcrashedatthereforefrom

ordinaryhumanexperience thepersonactuallydied in2001,becauseof theveryhigh riskof

death,but

even

then

we

still

have

to

wait

for

4years

for

the

presumption

to

arise.

16.Howaboutinordinaryabsence?

Itisdeemedthatdeathoccurredattheendofthewaitingperiod.

17. Isthehumanbodypartoftheinheritance?Cantheheirssellthebody?

Itisnotvalidbecauseitiscontrarytomoralityandpublicpolicybecausehisdignitymustbeprotected

evenafterdeath.(viewofDean)

18.Therightsofsuccessionaretransmittedfromthemomentofdeath,ifAdiedfromthisverymoment,there

wouldbe

transmission

of

successional

rights.

This

is

the

rule

in

the

case

of

Lorenzo

v.

Posadas

case

in

bookseepage9ofJurado.

19.LORENZOvs.POSADAS(Jurado,page9)

Successionalrightsaretransmittedfromthemomentofdeath


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Seepage24ofjuradounderarticle660oftheSpanishcodeinfootnote76. Itdependsonthemanner

inwhichthetestatorbequeathsyoupartof

27. Itis

important

to

remember

the

distinction

between

heirs

and

legatee

or

devisee

because

under

some

provisionofsuccessiontheyaretreateddifferently.

Importanceofdistinction:(Jurado,page28)

1) Incaseofpreteritionorpretermission in the testatorswillofone,some,orallof thecompulsory

heirsinthedirectline.

2)Incaseofimperfectirdefectivedisinheritance

3)Incasepropertiesareacquiredbythetestatoraftertheexecutionofthewill.

Withregardstoafteracquiredproperties,itisbettertobeanheir.

28.ThemostimportantprovisionwherethelawtreatsthemdifferentlyisArticle854.

Underthis

article

the

omission

of

one

some

or

all

of

compulsory

heirs

whether

living

at

the

time

of.

deathshallannultheinstitutionofheir;but legaciesanddevisesarerespectedinsofarastheyarenot

inofficious.

29.XhasalegitimatechildS,dieswithawill,provisionnumber1provides,IgiveP10KtoF,therestIgiveto

myfriendG. ThetotalestateisP100K.

Under854,Sispreterited.

ButthelegacyofP10KtoFisvalidbeingnotinofficious.

30.CorrelateArticle

781

with

Article

793.

31.Thecaseofafteracquiredproperties,whatarethese?

Thesearethepropertiesacquiredafterthewillwasexecuted.

32.IgiveMs.Papioallofmycars. Whenthewillisexecutedtherewasonlyonecar. Whentestatordiedhe

had1000cars. HowmanycarscanMs.Papioget?

ApplytheGeneralrule.

What are given by thewill are only those properties already possessed and owned by the

testatoratthetimethewillwasmade,notthoseacquiredafter.(Paras,page56)

Thereforeshe

is

only

entitled

to

the

cars

present

at

the

time

the

will

was

made.

33.Supposinghesaid,IgiveMs.PapioallmycarsandallImayacquire.

Exceptiontothegeneralrule.(Paras,page56)

Thereforesheisentitledtoallthecars.


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34. IgiveMs.Papiomyentireestateinthewillmadein1985. Hehad1carin1985,whenhidiedin2005hhas

35.Article793onlyappliestolegateesanddevisee.

36.WhatisaWill?

Article783. Awill isanactwherebyaperson ispermitted,with the formalitiesprescribedby law to

controltoacertaindegreethedispositionofhisestate,totakeeffectafterhisdeath

37.Whatarethecharacteristicsofawill? PIVSDMA

1)Itisa strictlypersonalact

2)Itisanindividualandunilateralact

3)Itisafreeandvoluntaryact

4)Itisaformalandsolemnact

5)It

is

adisposition

of

property

6)Itisanactmortiscause

7)Itisambulatoryandrevocableduringthetestatorslifetime

38.Article784

Themakingofawillisastrictlypersonalact

Inotherwords,youmustexecutethewillyourself

39.AwillisessentiallyREVOCABLE. Thetestatorisnotrequiredtostateanyreasonatall.

40.Article787Nondeterminationbythirdperson

Itisapersonalact. Itmustnotbeoperativeuponthediscretionof3rd

person

41. Thewillmuststatethespecificpropertyandamountdependinguponthecircumstance.

42.Article785Discretionofathirdperson

Thisprovisionreinforcestherulethatthemakingpowerofawillisstrictlypersonalact.

Ifforexample,thetestatorsays,IgivemylandtoXforaslongasmyfriendYallows,thiswouldbea

clearcaseofillegaldelegationoftestamentarypower.

43.Whenis

the

ambiguity

patent

and

when

is

it

latent?

Itispatentwhenitisclearuponfirstreadingthatthereisambiguity.

Thelatentambiguityofawilliswhenitisnotobviousuponfirstreadingthatthereisambiguity.

44.Thecardinalruleoftestamentaryconstructionistoascertaintheintentionofthetestatorandgiveiteffect

Testatorialintentionistheguideoftestamentaryconstruction(Article788794)


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Oralevidenceisnotaccepted.

45.A isgivingofhisentireestate tohiscousinnamed JoseSantos. Thereare4 JoseSantoswhoare first

cousins.This

is

acase

of

latent

ambiguity

because

upon

the

reading

of

the

will

it

seems

to

be

clear

but

there

arefourfirstcousinsthathavethesamename.

Thefirstthingtodoistodeterminetheintentofthetestator.

The oral declarations of the testator are excluded because they are inherently unreliable. They are

merelyhearsay. Itisverydangeroustoadmitoraldeclaration.

Thetestatorwillnotbeavailabletorebutthetestimonyofthewitnesses incasetherearesome,such

oraldeclarationofthetestator.

46.Personainsertia,thedispositioninhisfavorwillbeconsideredvoidincasewecannotascertaintheidentity

ofthe

47. Isitpossiblethattheambiguitymaybeclarifiedbyotherprovisionsofthewill?

YES. ThisisanIntrinsicEvidence,onewhichisfoundinthewillitself.

ExtrinsicEvidencearethosefoundoutsideofthewill.

48.SupposingthetestatorwrotealettertoJoseSantosofsuchwillitisadmissibleinevidence.

49.Supposingthetestatorwascaughtonvideoadmittingtosuchprovisionidentifyingthe.

50.Whatiftheambiguityispatent?Igivetotwo(2) ofmyfive(5)brotherstheHouse&LotinQC

Intrinsicand

Extrinsic

evidence

must

be

ascertain.

51.Therulesfortheinterpretationofwillsaresomehowsimilartoprincipleofstatutoryconstruction.

First,determinetheintentionofthetestator;

Second,wordsare tobegiven in theirordinarygrammatical sense. If technical, then itwillbe in the

technicalsense.

52.Thelawpreferstestacyoverintestacy,why?

Ithasbeensaidthatintestatesuccessionisbasedonthepresumedwillofthedecedent.

Testatesuccession

is

based

on

the

express

will

of

the

testator.

AsexplainedbyDean, theprovisionof intestatesuccessionaresimplythestatementofwhatthe law

presumesthetestatorwouldhavedoneifhewasabletomakeawill. Itisanaccuratesuccession.

53.Article795


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Thevalidityofawillas to its formdependsupon theobservanceof the law in forceat the time it is

made.

54.Xmade

awill,

notarial

will

in

1985.

There

were

3witnesses

and

all

the

other

formalities

were

complied

with.

Assume that in1990 the lawwasamended, the law requires4witnesses foravalidwill. Xdied in1992

withoutmakinganewwill. Isthewillbevalid?

YES. Thewillisvalid.(Jurado,page36)

55.Supposingthe1990lawprovidesforretroactivity,canhis1985willbeconsideredtobevalid?

NO

56.Samefactsasabove,providesforretroactivitybutXdies2weeksbeforetheeffectivityofthe1990law. The

willwasenteredforprobatein1992,canthewillbeallowed?

YES,because

2weeks

before

the

1990

law

there

was

already

transmission

of

successional

rights.

PursuanttoArticle777,theyarealreadyvestedwithrightsandthevestedrightsareprotectedbylaw.

57.Theknowledgeinmakingthewillmustbegeneralandnotspecific.

58.WhatisTestamentaryCapacity?

Testamentarycapacityreferstotheabilityaswellasthepowertomakeawill.

59.Whataretherequirementsinorderthatapersoncanmakeawill?

Article796. Allpersonswhoarenotexpresslyprohibitedbylawmaymakeawill.

Theonly

persons

who

are

expressly

prohibited

from

making

awill

are

those

who

do

not

posses

the

necessaryageandmentalrequirements.

Inorderthatapersoncanmakeawill,thefollowingrequisitesarenecessary:

1)Hemustbeatleast18yearsofage

2)Hemustbeofsoundmind

60.Article799TestofSoundnessofMind,2ndParagraph

Whetherthetestatorknows:

1)the

nature

of

the

estate

to

be

disposed

2)theproperobjectsofhisbounty

3)orunderstandsthecharacterofthetestamentaryact

61.Whatisthemeaningofcharacteroftestamentaryact?


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Heshouldknowthatheisreallymakingawillandthatwhatheismakingwillbethebasisofthewillin

thefuture

Thatitisadispositionmortiscausa

Thatit

is

essentially

revocable

62.Whatdoesknowingtheproperobjecthisbountymeans?

Heshouldknowtowhomitwouldbepropertogive.

Heshouldknowallhiscloserelatives, thosepeoplewhoareclosetohimwhointheordinarycourseof

thingsshouldreceivefromhim

Example:Hemust know that he has awife, children, parents, etc. (sino angmga karapatdapat na

makatanggap)

63. Ifthetestatornolongerknowsthepeoplearoundhim,examplehiswifeetc.,hecannolongermakeawill.

64. Isthereamaximumageformakingawill?

NO,solongasallthreerequirementsinparagraph799arepresent.

65.Doesmere lapsesofmemory (senility)of recentevents tantamount to seniledementia (decayofmental

faculties),hencedoesnot render the testator incapacitatedandas longas they satisfy the requirements

underArticle799?

NO,senilitydoesnottantamounttoseniledementia.

Thetwomustbedistinguished. The latter,whenadvancedorabsolute,mayproduceunsoundnessof

mindresultingintestamentaryincapacity.

66.Atthetimehemadethewillhemustbeoflegalage. Indeterminingofthecapacityoftheperson,thetime

oftheexecutionofthewilliswhatistakenintoconsideration. Thetestatormustbecapacitatedatthetime

oftheexecution.

67.Canamarriedmanmakeawillwithouttheexpressauthorityofwife?YES

68.Whataboutthewomen?

YES. Womenhaverightofdispositionbutsubjecttotheresultofthesettlementor liquidationofthe

partnershiporofthecommunity.

Furthermore,what

can

be

disposed

of

would

be

merely

the

ideal

share

of

the

spouse

making

the

will

andnotanyspecificordeterminatepropertybelongingtothepartnershiporcommunity

July4,2009

1. FORMALITIESOFAWILL(NOTARIALANDHOLOGRAPHICWILL)


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2. Article804

Everywillmustbeinwritingandexecutedinalanguageordialectknowntothetestator.

Kindsof

Wills

allowed

under

the

New

Civil

Code:

1) OrdinaryorNotarialwill(Art.805809)

Thatwhichrequires,amongotherthings,anattestationclause,andacknowledgmentbeforea

notarypublic.

2) HolographorHolographicwill(Art.810814)

Themostimportantfeatureifwhichisitsbeingwrittenentirely,fromthedatetothesignature,

inthehandwritingofthetestator. Here,neitheranattestationclausenoranacknowledgment

beforeanotarypublicisneeded.

3. Article805809NotarialWill

FORMALITIESOFWILLS

(EXTRINSICVALIDITY)

COMMONFORMALITIES

1. Everywillmustbeinwriting;and

2. Executedinalanguageordialectknowntothetestator.

SPECIALFORMALITIES

NOTARIALORORDINARYWILL

a. SUBSCRIPTIONmadeattheendthereofbythetestatorhimselforbythetestator'snamewritten

bysomeotherpersoninhispresenceandbyhisexpressdirection;

Subscription refers to themanual act of testator and also of his instrumental witnesses of

affixingtheirsignaturetotheinstrument.

b. ATTESTATIONANDSUBSCRIPTION (evidencedbyanattestationclause)by3ormorecredible

witnessesinthepresenceofthetestatorandofoneanother;

Attestationconsistsintheactofwitnessesofwitnessingtheexecutionofthewillinordertosee

and take notementally that such will has been executed in accordancewith requirements

prescribedby

law.

ATTESTATION SUBSCRIPTION

1.anactofthesenses 1.anactofthehand

2.mentalact 2.mechanicalact


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3.purposeistorenderavailable

proofduringprobateofwill

3.purposeisidentification

c. MARGINALSIGNATURES

affixed

by

the

testator

or

the

person

requested

by

him

to

write

his

name

andthe instrumentalwitnessesofthewilloneachandeverypagethereof,exceptthe last,onthe

leftmargin;

Exceptions to the rule thatall of thepages of thewill shall have to be signed on the left

marginbythetestatorandwitnesses:

(1)inthelastpage,whenthewillconsistsoftwoormorepages;

(2)whenthewillconsistsofonlyonepage;

(3) when the will consists of two pages, the first of which contains all the testamentary

dispositions and is signed at the bottom by the testator and thewitnesses and the second

containsonlytheattestationclausedulysignedatthebottombythewitnesses.

Theinadvertentfailureofonewitnesstoaffixhissignaturetoonepageofatestament,dueto

thesimultaneous liftingoftwopages inthecourseofsigning, isnotpersesufficienttojustify

denialofprobate(Icasianovs.IcasianoIISCRA422).

d. PAGENUMBERINGSWrittencorrelativelyinlettersplacedontheupperpartofeachpage;

NOTE:Thisisnotnecessarywhenallofthedispositivepartsofawillarewrittenononesheetonly.

e. ACKNOWLEDGMENTDonebeforeanotarypublicbythetestatorandtheinstrumentalwitnesses.

NOTE:The

notary

public

before

whom

the

will

was

acknowledged

cannot

be

considered

as

the

third

instrumentalwitnesssincehecannotacknowledgebeforehimselfhishavingsignedthewill. Ifthe

thirdwitnesswere thenotarypublichimself,hewouldhave toavow,assent,oradmithishaving

signedthewillinfrontofhimself.Toallowsuchwouldhavetheeffectofhavingonlytwoattesting

witnesses to thewillwhichwouldbe in contraventionofArts.805and806. (Cruzvs.Villasor54

SCRA31)

MANNEROFSIGNING:

Theuseofanysignature,marksordesignintendedbythetestatortoauthenticaterendersthe

willsufficientlysignedbythetestator.

Asignaturebymarkwillbesufficientevenifatthetimeofplacingit,thetestatorknewhowto

write

and

is

able

to

do

so.

It issufficientlysignedbywritinghis initials,orhisfirstname,orhemayuseevenanassumed

name.

A complete signature isnotessential to the validityof awill,provided thepartof thename

writtenwasaffixedtotheinstrumentwithintenttoexecuteitasawill.

ATTESTATIONCLAUSE


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memorandumorrecordoffactswhereinthewitnessescertifythatthewillhasbeenexecuted

before them,and that ithasbeenexecuted inaccordancewith the formalitiesprescribedby

law.

Absenceofthisclausewillrenderthewillanullity.

ItmuststatethefollowingESSENTIALFACTS:

1. thenumberofpagesuseduponwhichthewilliswritten;

HOWEVER,evenifnumberofpagesisomittedintheACBUTifthereisanacknowledgmentclause

whichstatesthenumberofpagesorthewillitselfmentionedsuchnumberofpages,itmaystillbe

consideredvalidapplyingtheLiberalInterpretationofthelaw.(Tabuadavs.Rosal)

2. thefact

that

the

testator

signed

the

will

and

every

page

thereof,

or

caused

some

other

person

to

writehisname,underhisexpressdirection,inthepresenceoftheinstrumentalwitnesses;

Whenthetestatorexpresslycausedanothertosigntheformersname,thisfactmustberecited

intheattestationclause.Otherwise,thewillisfatallydefective.(Garciavs.Lacuesta90Phil489)

3. that thewitnesseswitnessedand signed thewillandall thepages thereof in thepresenceof the

testatorandofoneanother.

TESTOFPRESENCE:Notwhether they actually saweachother sign,butwhether theymight

have seen each other sign had they chosen to do so considering theirmental and physicalcondition and position with relation to each other at the moment of inscription of each

signature.(Jabonetavs.Gustilo)

Inthecaseofanordinaryorattestedwill,itsattestationclauseneednotbewritteninalanguageor

dialectknowntothetestatorsinceitdoesnotformpartofthetestamentarydisposition.

The languageused in theattestationclause likewiseneednotevenbeknown to theattesting

witnesses. Art. 805 merely requires that, in such a case, the attestation clause shall be

interpretedtosaidwitnesses.(Canedavs.CA222SCRA781)

Effectsof

defects

or

imperfections

in

the

Attestation

Clause:

Ifthedefectoftheattestationclausegoesintotheveryessenceoftheclauseitselforconsistsinthe

omission of one, some, or all of the essential facts, and such omission cannot be cured by an

examinationofthewill itself,thedefect issubstantial incharacter,asaconsequenceofwhichthe

willisinvalidated.


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However,Intheabsenceofbadfaith,forgery,fraud,orundueandimproperpressureandinfluence,

defectsandimperfectionsintheformofattestationorinthelanguageusedthereinshallnotrender

the will invalid if it is proved that the will was in fact executed and attested in substantial

compliance with Art. 805 (formal requirements). This is known as the DOCTRINE OF LIBERAL

INTERPRETATION(Art.809)

Purposesofrequiringwitnesstoattestandtosubscribetoawill:

1. identificationoftheinstrument

2. protectionoftheinstrument

3. theascertainmentofthetestamentarycapacityofthetestator

NOTE: Certainpointstoconsider(Tolentino)

1. Mereknowledgebytestatorthatanother issigning,andacquiescing in it,therebeingnoexpress

direction,isNOTsufficient.

2. Notrequired

that

the

name

of

the

person

who

writes

the

testators

name

should

also

appear

on

thewill;enoughthattestatorsnameiswritten.

3. If the requirednumbersofattestingwitnessare competent, the fact thatanadditionalwitness,

whowasincompetentalsoattestedtothewill,cannotimpairthevalidity.

4. Immaterialinwhatordertheactsareperformedprovidedthesignatureoracknowledgmentbythe

testator and the attestation of thewitnesses be accomplished in one occasion, and as part of one

transaction.

5. The lawreferstopageandnottosheetor leaforfolio,soeverypageused inthewillshouldbe

signedontheleftmargin.

6. An attestation clause need be signedONLY by thewitnesses andnot by the testator as it is a

declarationmadebythewitnesses.

7.

date

of

will:

a. ordinarywill:notanessentialpart;

b. holographicwill:anessentialpart.

8. Failureorerrortostatetheplaceofexecutionwillnotinvalidatethewill.

9. Signingofawillbythetestatorandwitnessesandacknowledgmentbeforeanotarypublic,need

notbeasingleact.

10. Testamentarycapacitymustalsoexistatthetimeofacknowledgment.

ADDITIONALREQUIREMENTSFORSPECIALCASES

1. Deafordeafmutetestator:a) personalreadingofthewill,ifabletodoso;OR

b) ifnotpossible,designationof2personstoreadthewillandcommunicatetohim,insome

practicablemanner,

the

contents

thereof.

(Article

807)

2. Blindtestator: Doublereadingrequirement:

a. first,byoneofthesubscribingwitnesses,AND

b. second,bythenotarypublicbeforewhomthewillisacknowledged.(Article808)


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Art.808appliesnotonlytoblindtestatorsbutalsotothosewho,foronereasonoranother

areincapableofreadingtheirwills(e.g.poor,defectiveorblurredvision).

In a casewhere the testatordidnot read the finaldraftof thewill,but the lawyerwho

drafted thedocument, read thesamealoud in thepresenceof the testator,3witnesses,andnotarypublic,theCourtheldthattheformal imperfectionsshouldbebrushedasidewhenthe

spiritbehindthelawwasservedthoughtheletterwasnot.(Alvaradovs.Gaviola226SCRA347)

WITNESSTONOTARIALWILLS

(ARTS.820&821)

Requirements:

1. ofsoundmind;

2. abletoreadandwrite;

3. notblind,deafordumb;

4. atleast18yearsofage;

5. domiciledin

the

Philippines;

6. hasnotbeenconvictedoffalsificationofadocument,perjury,orfalsetestimony

NOTE: Awitnessneednotknowthecontentsofthewill,andneednotbeshowntohavehadagood

standinginthecommunitywherehelives.Also,theacknowledgingnotarypubliccannotbeoneofthe3

minimumnumbersofwitnesses.

Interestedwitness

A witness to a will who is incapacitated from succeeding from the testator by reason of a

devise/legacyorothertestamentarydispositionthereininhisfavor,orinfavorofhisspouse,parent,or

child.However,hiscompetenceasawitnesssubsists.

4. WesometimescallArticle809asthedoctrineofliberalinterpretation.

Thisarticleprovides the rule for substantialcompliance that is,as longas thepurpose soughtby the

attestationclauseisobtained,thesameshouldbeconsideredvalid.

5. Doesarticle804appliestoholographicwill?YES

6. WhatisthereasonfortherequirementofArticle804?

7. Supposingthe

testator

only

speaks

in

pampango

and

the

will

was

written

in

English

by

his

lawyer

but

the

will

wasinterpretedortranslatedtohim,isitavalidwill?NO

8. Isitessentialforthevalidityofthewillthatthewillitselfshouldcontaina,thatthewillwasinalanguage

knowntothetestator?

NO,itcanbecontestedandadmittedthroughevidence,itneednotbewritteninthewill.


15/45


15

9. Whatisthedifferenceifanyofattestationandsubscription?(Referto#2,samedate)(Jurado,page60)

10.Article805

subscribed

at

the

end

thereof

=>

very

important!

11.Testator,anoldman,askedhisgrandsontowritehisname. Isthisvalid?

YES,butmustbewritteninhispresenceandbyhisexpressdirection.

12.Article806 NotarialAcknowledgement

Acknowledgementcanbedonebythewitnessesevenonseparatedates.

13.Thetestatormustsignthewill,andisalsorequiredtosignintheleftmargin,canhesignhiswillwithhisnick

nameoraliasorinitialorthumbmark?

Aslong

as

it

is

intended

by

him

to

authenticate

the

will.

Canthetestatorsignusinghistoemarkorhislips?

YES,forthesamereason. Doesnotnecessarilymeansthatthesignatureisinthehandwritingof

thetestator.

14.Whenwespeakofsignatureitistakenfromthewordsignummeaningmark.

15.AssumethatthewillwasnotarizedinAngelesCity,butthenotarypublichadanotarycommissionissuedin

Bulacan,wouldthatbeavalidwill?NO

GUERREROvs.

BIHIS

Hadheexercisedhisnotarialcommissionproperly,the intentofthe lawtoeffectuatethedecedent's

finalstatementsasexpressedinherwillwouldnothavecometonaught.

Anotarypublicwhoactsoutsideofhisjurisdictionarea(notarialcommission)doesnotdoanyvalidact.

Anotarypublicisauthorizedtoperformnotarialacts,includingthetakingofacknowledgments,within

thatterritorialjurisdictiononly.Outsidetheplaceofhiscommission,heisbereftofpowertoperformany

notarialact;heisnotanotarypublic.

16.Thewillcanhaveanynumberofwitnessesstartingwith3.

17. Ifthetestatorisverysick,hecanaskanotherpersontosignthewillforhim. Supposingthetestatoriswell,

canheaskanotherpersontosignthewillforhim?

YES,there isnoprohibitiontothateffectorthe lawdoesnotdistinguishastowhetherthetestator is

capableornot.


16/45


16

18. Isacquiescenceenoughtocausesomeotherperson?(Jurado,page57)

No.Mereacquiescencewillnotsuffice,whatisrequiredbylawisexpressdirection.

Althoughanexpressdirectiontosignforthetestatormaybegivenbyhimwithoutusingwords,amere

impliedassent

to

the

signing

by

another

person

is

not

sufficient

to

meet

the

requirement

of

an

express

direction

19.Youcannothaveavalidnotarialwillwithoutattestationclause.

20.Supposingthattheattestationclauseisinalanguagenotknowntothetestator,isthewillvalid?

YES,becausetheattestationclauseisamerememorandumorrecord.

Itistheactofthewitnessesandnotthetestator.

21. Isitessentialforthevalidityofthewillthatthenotarypublicbepresentatthetimeoftheexecutionofthe

will?

Thepresenceofthenotarypublicisnotessentialatthetimeoftheexecutionofthewill.

22.Canthewitnessesacknowledgethewillallinthepresenceofoneanotherbeforethenotarypublic?Orcan

theydoitseparately?

Acknowledgement isdifferent from signing thewillaswitnesses, in such case thepartiescando the

acknowledgeseparately.

23.Testatorinvitedhisthreeclosefriendstobehiswitnessesforhiswill. Whenthewitnessesweretherethe

testatorshowed

the

will

to

them,

then

asked

the

witnesses

to

sign

the

same,

is

that

avalid

will?

Thetestatorshouldactuallyaffixedthosesignatureinthepresenceofthewitnesses.Thereforethewill

isnotvalid.

24.Woulditaffectthevalidityofthewillifthewitnessessignedthewillwiththeirthumbmarks?

NO, itwontaffect aslongastheyareliterate.

25.Athirdpersonwasdirectedbythetestatortosignthenameofthetestator. Thatfactwasnotstatedinthe

attestationclause,willthataffectthevalidityofthewill?

YES,becausethelawexpresslyprovidesthatthesamebewrittenintheattestation.

26.AssumeJuanDelaCruzistheTestator,PedroSantosisthe3rd

person,buthewroteby:PedroSantos

Itisinvalidbecausethenameofthetestatormustbewrittenasexpresslyrequiredbylaw.

27.Testator in thepresenceof the3witnessessignedhiswill. Thenwhen itwas their turn tosign, testator

coveredtheprovisionofthetestatmentaryprovisions,isthatavalidwill?


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17

YES,thereisnorequirementforthewitnessestoknowtheprovisionsofthewill.

28.Thelawrequiresamongothersthatthetestatorwillsubscribethewillattheendthereof,whereistheend?

Afterthe

last

testamentary

provisions.

29.Supposingthatitisafive(5)pagewillandthetestatorandthewitnessessignedontheleftmarginonallthe

pages. Thetestatordidnotsignontheendisitallowed? NO

30.Supposingthatpage5ofthewillcontainsonlytheattestationclause. Assumingthatthewitnessessigned

belowtheattestationclauseandyoudontfindthesignatureofthetestator intheendofsuchpage. Is it

valid?

YES,ifthelastpagecontainstheattestationclause.

31.Thewitnesses

however

did

not

sign

at

the

end

of

the

attestation

clause

but

their

signature

is

in

the

left

margin,valid?NO.

NO,itispreciselyoneofthepointsinAZUELAvs.CA

Awillwhoseattestationclauseisnotsignedbytheinstrumentalwitnessesisfatallydefective.

Marginalsignatureisdifferentfromthesignatureatthebottom.

Theabsenceofthesignaturebelowtheattestationclausenegatesthepurposeofthesaidrequirement.

32.Woulditmakeanydifferenceifthewitnessesofthewillsignaheadofthetestator?

Thewillwouldstillbevalidaslongastheyallsignedinonecontinuousoccasion.

33.ALVARADOvs.CABIOLA

ContrarytotheexplicitprovisionsofArticle808,thereisnoquestionthatthewill wasreadonlyonce,

andyetthewillwasallowed.Why?

Therewassubstantialcompliancebecausethethree (3)witnessesandthenotarypublicwere

givenacopyandwhilethelawyerwasreadingthewillthewitnesseswerefollowingbyreading

theircopy.

34.Assumethat

the

testator

signed

the

will

on

his

table,

while

signing

the

witness

was

looking

out

the

window,

wastheresigninginthepresence?Whatisthetestofpresence?

Aslongasthereisnoobstacle/obstructioninthelineofvision(Dean)

Notwhethertheyactuallysaweachothersign,butwhethertheymighthaveseeneachothersignhad

theychosentodosoconsideringtheirmentalandphysicalconditionandpositionwithrelationtoeach

otheratthemomentofinscriptionofeachsignature.(Jabonetavs.Gustilo)(Jurado,page65)


18/45


18

35.Supposingthetestatorisblindhowwillyousatisfyinthepresenceofthetestator?

Thetestatorcanperhapsholdthepartofthepaperorhemaylistenvisionisnottheonlyway.

36.Supposing that the testator isvery sickanddecided tomakehiswill,calledhis lawyer,witnesses,notary

public. Thetestatordictatedtothelawyer,andasktowritethename,andthelawyerrushedtohisofficeto

print it. Whenhecameback the testator iscomatose.Tthe lawyerasked thewitnesses to sign thewill,

valid?

NO, thetestatorisnolongerconsciousofwhatisgoingon.

37.5pagewill.Onpage3, thetestatorfailedtosignontheleftmargin,canthewillbeallowed?

Intheabsenceofthemarginalsignatureeitherthetestatororwitnesseswouldinvalidatethewill.

ICASIANOvs.ICASIANO(Jurado,page68)

Theinadvertent

failure

of

one

witness

to

affix

his

signature

to

one

page

of

atestament,

due

to

the

simultaneous liftingof twopages in the courseof signing, isnotper se sufficient tojustifydenialof

probate.

Thecourtallowedthewillinthecase. Thecourtwasnotconvincedthattherewasforgery.

Theoppositorshaveinvokedbothfraudandundueinfluence. Theycannotcoexist.

Mereinequalityofdistributiondoesnotfollowthatitwasdoneneitherinundueinfluencenoroffraud.

Thatsthereasonwhy apersonmakesawill. Otherwise,dieintestateifyouwantyourchildrentohave

equalshares

38. Inpreviousrulings,ifthereisamissingmarginalsignatureeithertestatororwitnessitisvoid.

The

Icasiano

case

is

limited

to

the

precise

circumstance

in

the

said

case.

Inthatcase,therecouldbenodoubtthattherewasavalidwillbecausetherewasaduplicateoriginal.

Therefore, ifthere isnoduplicateoriginalandthere isamissingmarginalsignaturethewillshouldbe

void.

39.Butthemarginalontheleftisdirectory

40.Howdoyounumberapagecorrelativelyinnumber?

Spellitoutone.ButyoucanputRomannumeralorletters.

Theplacing

of

the

page

is

not

material

insofar

as

the

validity

is

concern.

41.SupposingthereissomethingmissingintheAttestationClause,willitmeanthewillisvoid?YES

42.ButinthelastparagraphofthewillIherebysignthisconsistingof5pages

Ifwhatismissingisstatedinanotherpartofthewill,itissufficient. Thewillmaybeallowed.


19/45


19

Whatisnotallowedisthattoprovethatsomethingthroughanextrinsicevidence.

43.Missing thetestatorsigns

44.Whydoesthelawrequireattestationclause?

Torenderavailableproofduringtheprobateproceedingsthatthewillhasbeenexecutedinaccordance

withtherequirementsprescribedbylawandthattheinstrumentofferedforprobateisauthentic.

Subscriptionontheotherhand,as it isused inthispartoftheCode,consists inthemanualactofthe

instrumentalwitnessesinaffixingtheirsignaturestotheinstrument. Itsonlypurposeisidentification.

45.Cananilliteratemanmakeavalidnotarialwill? YES

Anyspecialsafeguards?

Theprovisionsfortheblindunderarticle808isasafeguardtothetestatorbecauseheislikea

blindtestator.

46. Isitnecessarythattheattestationshouldbereadtohimtwiceifthetestatorisblind. YES

47.Requirementsforavalidholographicwill?

Completelywritten,signedanddatedbythehandofthetestatorhimself.

48.Supposingthatthereare3witnessesinaholographicwill?VALID

49.Supposingthetestatorusedthepage inhisplanner. Hedidnotwritethedatebecausethere isalreadya

printeddate?

INVALID

50.Shouldthedatewillbecomplete?

Ifthereissubstantialcomplianceitisvalid.

51.Supposingthatthereisnoseparatedatebutthedatewasmentionedinpassing,wouldthatbesufficient?

YES,thedatemaybeplacedanywhere,eveninoneoftheprovisions.

LABRADORvs.CA

The lawdoesnot specifyaparticular locationwhere thedate shouldbeplaced in thewill.Theonly

requirementsarethatthedatebeinthewillitselfandexecutedinthehandofthetestator.

52.There is no requirement for witnesses, it may happen that the testator is the one who knows the

holographicwill,whatistheguaranteeagainstfraud?

At the timeof theprobate,awitnessmustbepresentedwho is familiarwith thehandwritingof the

testator.


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20

53.Whereshouldthetestatorsigntheholographicwill?

Thereisnospecificplace. Itcanbeanywhere.

Isubmitthatthetestatorshouldsigntheendoftheholographicwill.

Thiscan

be

reduced

under

Article

812.

The

law

makes

the

signature

as

the

point

of

reference

in

any

additionaldispositions.

July18,2009

1. Article810

HOLOGRAPHICWILL(Article810)

a. entirelywritten

by

the

hand

of

the

testator;

b. entirelydatedbythehandofthetestator;and

c. entirelysignedbythehandofthetestator.

NOTE: The law exacts literal compliancewith these requirements. HENCE, THE DOCTRINE OF LIBERAL

INTERPRETATIONCANNOTBEAPPLIED.

Nevertheless, theCourtheld ina case thatasageneral rule, the date inaholographicwill should

includetheday,month,andyearofitsexecution. However,whenthereisnoappearanceoffraud,bad

faith,undue influenceandpressureandtheauthenticityofthewill isestablishedandtheonly issue is

whetherornotthedateFEB./61appearingonthewillisavalidcompliancewithArt.810,probateof

theholographicwillshouldbeallowedundertheprincipleofsubstantialcompliance.(Inthematterof

IntestateEstateofAndresdeJesusandBibianaRoxasdeJesus,134SCRA245)

Ruleincaseofinsertion,cancellation,erasureoralteration:

TestatormustauthenticatethesamebyhisFULLSIGNATURE.(Article814)

NOTE: In the case of Kalaw vs. Relova (134 SCRA 241), the holographic will in dispute had only one

substantialprovision,whichwasalteredbysubstitutingtheoriginalheirwithanother,butwhichalteration

didnotcarrytherequisiteoffullauthenticationbythefullsignatureofthetestator,theeffectmustbethat

theentirewill isvoidedorrevokedforthesimplereasonthatnothingremains inthewillafterthatwhich

couldremainvalid.

Effectsof

words

written

by

another

and

inserted

in

the

words

written

by

the

testator:

(Jurado,

page

95)

a. Ifthe insertionwasmadeaftertheexecutionofthewill,butwithouttheconsentofthetestator,such

insertionisconsideredasnotwritten,becausethevalidityofthewillcannotbedefeatedbythemaliceor

capriceofthirdperson.

b. Iftheinsertionaftertheexecutionofthewillwaswiththeconsentofthetestator,thewillremainsvalid

buttheinsertionisvoid.


21/45


21

c. If the insertion after the execution is validated by the testator by his signature thereon, then the

insertionbecomespartofthewill,andtheentirewillbecomesvoid,becauseoffailuretocomplywiththe

requirementthatitmustbewhollywrittenbythetestator.

d. Iftheinsertionmadebyathirdpersonismadecontemporaneoustotheexecutionofthewill,thenthe

willisvoidbecauseitisnotwrittenentirelybythetestator.

ProbateofHolographicWill

1. IfUNCONTESTED, requires that at least 1witnesswho knows the handwriting and signature of the

testatorexplicitlydeclare that thewillandsignatureare inthehandwritingof the testator; ifnowitness,

experttestimonymayberesortedto.

2. IfCONTESTED,requiresatleast3ofsuchcrediblewitnesses,ifnoneexpertwitness.(Codoyvs.Calugay)

NOTE:Wherethetestatorhimselfpetitionsfortheprobateofhisholographicwillandnocontestisfile,the

factthatheaffirmsthattheholographicwillandthesignatureareinhisownhandwriting,shallbesufficient

evidence thereof. If theholographicwill iscontested, theburdenofdisproving thegenuinenessanddue

executionthereof

shall

be

on

the

contestant.

A photostatic or xerox copy of a lost or destroyed holographic willmay be admitted because the

authenticityofthehandwritingofthedeceasedcanbedeterminedbytheprobatecourt,ascomparisoncan

bemadewiththestandardwritingsofthetestator.(Rodelasvs.Aranza,119SCRA16)

2. Ifsomeoneusedapageofaplannerwithaprinteddateandwrotethereinhisholographicwill?INVALID

3. Whatisthepurposethataholographicwillmustbeentirelyhandwrittenbythetestator?

Thatistheonlyguarantyofthewillsauthenticitytherebeingnowitnessesandneednottobenotarized

4. Inprobateproceeding,aphotocopyatleastmustbegiventothecourttodeterminethehandwriting.

Oldrule:GANvs.YAP(Jurado,page98)

"theexecutionandthecontentsofa lostordestroyedholographicwillmaynotbeprovedby

thebaretestimonyofwitnesseswhohaveseenand/orreadsuchwill.Thewill itselfmustbe

presented; otherwise, it shall produce no effect. The law regards the document itself as

materialproofofauthenticity."

RODELASvs.ARANZA

aphotostaticorxeroxcopyofa lostordestroyedholographicwillmaybeadmittedbecause

theauthenticityofthehandwritingofthedeceasedcanhedeterminedbytheprobatecourt,as

comparison

can

be

made

with

the

standard

writings

of

the

testator.

5. WhataretherequirementintheprobateofaHolographicwill?

IfUNCONTESTED, requires that at least 1witnesswho knows the handwriting and signature of the

testatorexplicitlydeclarethatthewillandsignatureareinthehandwritingofthetestator;ifnowitness,

experttestimonymayberesortedto.

IfCONTESTED,requiresatleast3ofsuchcrediblewitnesses,ifnoneexpertwitness.(Codoyvs.Calugay)


22/45


22

6. AZOALAvs.SINGSON(Jurado,page100)

TheSCheldthattheruleofthefirstparagraphofArticle811oftheCivilCodeismerelydirectoryandis

notmandatory.

7. CODOYvs.CALUGAY

Inthispetition,thepetitionersaskwhethertheprovisionsofArticle811oftheCivilCodearepermissive

ormandatory.

Thearticleprovides,asarequirementfortheprobateofacontestedholographicwill,thatatleastthree

witnessesexplicitlydeclarethatthesignatureinthewillisthegenuinesignatureofthetestator.

TheSC held,basedonthelanguageused,thatArticle811oftheCivilCodeismandatory.

Theword"shall" inastatutecommonlydenotesan imperativeobligationand is inconsistentwiththe

idea of discretion and that the presumption is that the word "shall," when used in a statute is

mandatory.

8. DateinaHolographicwillisessential

9. ROXASvs.DEJESUS(Paras,page110)

As a general rule, the date in a holographic will should include the day,month, and year of its

execution.

However,whenas inthecaseatbar,there isnoappearanceoffraud,bad faith,undue influenceand

pressureand theauthenticityof thewill isestablishedand theonly issue iswhetherornot thedate

Feb./61appearingontheholographicwillisavalidcompliancewithArt.810oftheCivilCode,probate

oftheholographicwillshouldbeallowedundertheprincipleofsubstantialcompliance.

10.DeanNavarrospeaking,NodateisrequiredinaNotarialWill.

Isthisalegislativeoversight?

NO,becauseNotarialAcknowledgementisrequired. Justrefertothedateindicatedtherein.

11. IncaseofNotarialwills,itshouldbesubscribedattheendthereofbythetestatorhimself.

IncaseofHolographicwills

Article812,signatureiswrittenafterthelasttestamentarydisposition.

Thelawassumesthatthelastthingyouwillfindisthetestatorssignature

12.Article813

Additional

dispositions

Sample

July11,1986

IgiveeverythingtoMarvinSantos.

Sgd:PedroSantos


23/45


23

IgiveP10KtoEscolin.

IgivemyHouse&LottoJumamil.

ThedateevenonlyincorporatedinthewillsufficientLabradorCase

Last2dispositionsisinvalid,becauseitisnotdatedandsign.

Ifthelast2aresigneditisvoidbecausenotdated.

Ifthelastdisposition,Jumamil,issignedanddateditvalidateseventhedispositiontoEscolin

Ifitissignedbutnotdatedbutthelastisdatedandsigned,thelawcanreasonablyassumetheallofthe

dispositionsweremadeatthesametime.

IfEscolinisdated,notapplicable. Itisvoid.

IfdatewasplacedaboveEscolinandthesignatureafterJumamil,itisvalid.Itisconsideredanotherwill.

Example: Date

IgiveP10ktoCharlesEscolin.

IgivemyhousetoJumamil

Signature

13.Article814Insertion,cancellation,erasureoralterationinaholographicwill

Thetestatormustauthenticatethesamebyhisfullsignature

Fullsignatureisdeemedtobetheusualcustomarysignature

14. In

alteration,

full

signature

is

required.

Must

it

contain

the

full

name

and

surname?

No,youshouldonlyuseyourUSUAL,HABITUAL,CUSTOMARYsignature

15.AssumePedroSantoscancelledthenameofMariaSantosandinsertedPedroSantos.Noauthentication.

KALAWvs.RELOVA

Cancellationisnotvalidnoauthentication

Disregardingtheobviouschangeofmindofthetestator

PrincipalRuleinTestamentarySuccession:AscertaintheINTENTIONofthetestatorwhichshouldbethe

principalguidingstar.

16.Thetestatorcansignhisholographicwithhisinitialsbutinalteration,itshouldbehisfullsignature.

Thisislogicalbecauseitiseasiertodoanalterationthantofalsifythewholewill.

Thus,thealterationisaproofthathedidsuchthing.

17.AHolographicWillmaybeintheformofaletter.

Butitmustbecleartheheisconsideringthelettertobehislastwill.


24/45


24

18.Rulesregardingthecaseofinsertionsorinterpolationsbythirdpersons(Referto#1)(Jurado,page95)

19. Intrinsicvalidityofawill.

Followthe

law

of

the

testators

nation;

National

law

of

the

decedent

Article815819

20.X,aSpanishcitizenbutaresident inSanFrancisco,California,USA,executedawill inTokyo,Japan. May

suchwillbeprobated in thePhilippinesandhisestate in this countrydistributed in conformitywith the

provisionsofthewill?Explainyouranswer. (Jurado,page105)

YES,thewillofXmaybeprobatedinthePhilippinesandhisestateinthiscountrymaybedistributedin

conformitywiththeprovisionsofthewill,providedthatsaidwillwasexecutedinaccordancewiththe

formalitiesprescribedbyanyofthefollowinglaws:

(1) ThelawoftheplacewhereXresides(SanFrancisco,CA) domicile;or

(2)The

law

of

his

own

country

(Spain)

national

law;

or

(3) TheCivilCodeofthePhilippinesleslocicelebrationis;or

(4) The lawof theplacewhere thewillwasmade (Tokyo, Japan). (Arts.17,par1,816,CivilCode)

execution

21.CitizenshipofthewitnessinaholographicwillisimmaterialaslongasdomiciledinthePhilippines.

22.XandYarebothFilipinos. TheymadeaJointWillinGermany

WillitbeallowedinthePhilippines?NO

23.Aand

W,

Brazilian

Citizenship

only

(Ask

Amie)

24.XisFil,WisaBrazilianmodel. Filipinovoid. Brazilianvalid.

25.HandWarebothBrazilians.WhileinthePhilippinestheyexecutedajointwill,theirlawallowsit.Possible?

Thereare2views:

(a) VOID,contrarytopublicpolicy

(b) VALID,allowedbytheNCCbecausetheirnationallawallowsit.

26.WhatisaJOINTWILL?(Jurado,page106)

Isdefinedasasingletestamentary instrumentwhichcontainsthewilloftwoormorepersons,jointly

executedby

them,

either

for

their

reciprocal

benefit

or

for

the

benefit

of

athird

person.

MUTUALWILLSarewillsexecutedpursuanttoanagreementbetweentwoormorepersonstodispose

oftheirpropertyinaparticularmanner,eachinconsiderationoftheother.

RECIPROCALWILLS arewills inwhich the testators name each other as beneficiaries under similar

testamentaryplans.


25/45


25

It isclearfromthesedefinitionsthatajointwillmaybeeithermutualorreciprocal,although it isnot

necessarily so, just as mutual or reciprocal wills may be join If they are contained in a single

testamentaryinstrument.

27.HwrotehisWillinfrontandWwroteherattheback

Notajointwill. JointWillrequiresthatthereisonlyonewillandtestament.

28.WhyJointWillnotallowed?

Whenawill ismadejointlyor inthesame instrument,thespousewho ismoreaggressive,stronger in

willorcharacteranddominantisliabletodictatethetermsofthewillforhisorherownbenefitorfor

thatorthirdpersonswhomheorshedesirestofavor.

Wherethewillnotonlyjointbutreciprocaleitheroneofthespousesmayhappentobeunscrupulous,

wicked, faithless,ordesperate, knowing asheor shedoes the termsof thewillwhereby thewhole

propertyof

the

spouses

both

conjugal

and

paraphernal

goes

to

the

survivor,

may

be

tempted

to

kill

or

disposeoftheother.

29.WhatdeterminestheIntrinsicValidityofawill?

Nationallawofthetestator.

30.Whyshouldthewitnessesbedomiciledinthecity? (AskAmie)

31. Isitpossiblethataftertheexecutionofthewillthewitnessisnolongerdomiciledhere?

Thedetermining

factor

is

at

the

time

of

the

execution

of

the

will

32. IfyouareinTibetandyouwanttomakeawillinaccordanceofPhilippinelaw,shouldtherebe3witnesses?

Therearetwo(2)views:

(a) Excused

(b) Required(thebetterview)

33. Ifyouareabroad,donotinsistinmakinganotarialwill. Makeaholographicwillinstead.

34.CitizenshipofthewitnessinaHolographicWillisimmaterial.

Provided,he

is

domiciled

in

the

Philippines.

35.Article823three(3)otherwitnesses

Parent,child&spouse=>notgrandparent

COMMENT: Witnessescannotinherit(Paras,page130)


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26

Observethatthepersonsnamedinthisarticleareincapacitatedtoinherit,butnotincapacitated

aswitnesses. Hence,onlythepartappertainingtothemshouldbeconsideredvoid.

36. Ifyou

are

one

of

the

3witnesses,

then

you

were

given

asmall

legacy

of

P100M,

and

at

the

time

she

was

startingtosignthewill,sumakitandtIyanandrushedtothecomfortroom.Thewillwasnotsignedinyour

presence.

Isthatvalid? NO

37.Witnessstand:Wherewereyouwhileshewassigningthewill?

If there isnoArt.823 the temptation is great. Butbecauseof this youwillbe forced tell the truth

becauseyouarenotallowedtothelegacyanyway.

38.NotaryPublicbeingawitnessyoucannotacknowledgetoyourownself

39.WhatisCODICIL?

Article825

Acodicil isa supplementoraddition toawallmadeafter theexecutionofawillandannexed tobe

taken as apart thereof,bywhichanydispositionmade in theoriginalwill isexplained,added to,or

altered.

Acodicil,sinceitreferstoawill,cannotbemadebeforeawill;itisalwaysmadeafter. Ofcourse,even

thecodicilmaylateronberevokedbyanotherwillorcodicil.

Incaseofconflictbetweenawillandacodicil,itisunderstoodthatthelattershouldprevail,itbeingthe

laterexpressionofthetestatorswishes.

40.Article826

Inorderthatacodicilmaybeeffective,itshallbeexecutedasinthecaseofawill.

FormalitiesofCodicils:

Asinthecaseofwills,therecanbe:

1)Notarialorordinarycodicils

2)Holographiccodicils

Anotarialwillmaybe revokedbyeitheranotarialorholographiccodicil; similarly,aholographicwill

mayberevokedbyaholographicornotarialcodicil.

Ifacodicilisnotexecutedwiththeformalitiesofawill,saidcodicilisvoid.

Avalid

will

can

never

be

revoked,

expressly

or

impliedly,

by

an

invalid

codicil.

41.RABADILLAvs.CA

In simple substitutions, the secondheir takes the inheritance indefaultof the firstheirby reasonof

incapacity,predeceaseorrenunciation.


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27

Inthecaseunderconsideration,theprovisionsofsubjectCodicildonotprovidethatshouldDr.Jorge

Rabadilladefaultduetopredecease,incapacityorrenunciation,thetestatrix'sneardescendantswould

substitutehim.What theCodicilprovides is that,shouldDr. JorgeRabadillaorhisheirsnot fulfill the

conditionsimposed

in

the

Codicil,

the

property

referred

to

shall

be

seized

and

turned

over

the

testatrix's

neardescendants.

42.Article827. Incorporationbyreference

Thepurposeofthisarticleistoprovideforthosecaseswhenatestatorwishestoincorporatetohiswill

only by reference (i.e., without copying the whole thing) certain documents or papers, especially

inventoriesandbooksofaccounts.

Thereby,thetestatorisabletosavetimeandenergy.

Saiddocsorinventories,whenreferredtoinanotarialwill,donotneedanyattestationclause,because

theattestationclausesofthewillitselfissufficient.

43.Testamentaryprovisionsshouldalwaysbeinthewill

44.REVOCATIONOFWILLSANDTESTAMENTARYDISPOSITIONS

45.RevocabilityofaWill(Paras,page135)

UntilthedeathoftheT,awillisambulatoryandrevocable,sinceafterall,thewillconcernsadisposition

ofpropertiesandrightseffectiveafterdeath

TheheirsdonotacquireanyvestedrighttothedispositioninawilluntilaftertheTsdeath.

Provisions inawillwhichareorderedtobeeffected immediately,evenduringtheTs lifetime,areall

right,provided

the

proper

formalities

and

requisites

are

present,

but

they

are

not

really

testamentary

disposition.

46.Variouswaysofrevocation

Article830.

(a) byimplicationoflaw;or

(b) bysomewill,codicil,orotherwritingexecutedasprovidedincaseofwills;or

(c) byburning,tearing,cancelling,orobliteratingthewillwiththeintentionofrevokingit.

47.Article44and50oftheFamilyCode

48.Whenis

there

an

express

or

implied

revocation?

Express: REVOCATORYCLAUSE

Implied: SUBSEQUENTWILLORCODICIL

49.Whatarethephysicalactsofdestruction?

Exclusiveenumeration! Theseareburning,tearing,cancelling,orobliteratingthewill.


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28

50.ThewordCANCELLEDorREVOKEDshouldbewritteninthewillnotonablankpartofthewill.

51.Thereis

no

Automatic

Revival

of

aWill

that

has

been

revoked.

52.VDA.DeMOLOvs.MOLO

SCheldthattheTestatorwouldchoosetheexecutionofthewillratherthanintestacy

53.PERKESvs.PERKES(Paras,page141)

SCheldthatthewillwasNOTrevokedfortheactoftearingwassubjectivelynotyetcomplete,inasmuch

ashehadintendedtotearupthewillsomemore.

54.AccordingtoDean,thewillislikeHUMPYDUMPY.

Oncethewillistornapart,itcannotbepastedbacktogethertorestorevalidity.

55.Article833.Thecauseofrevocationmustbestatedinthewillitselfbeforeinvokingit.

In relation toArt.830, thisarticle isoneof theaspectsof dependant relative revocation,ormore

properly,atleastforthepurposeofthisArticle,arevocationmadeunderamistake.

56.REPUBLICATIONANDREVIVALOFWILLS

57.ARTICLE835

Republication isdefinedastheprocessofreestablishingawill,whichhasbecomeuselessbecause it

wasvoid,orhadbeenrevoked.

58.Whatarethewaysofrepublication?

Republicationmaybemadeby:

(a) reexecution oftheoriginalwill(theoriginalprovisionsareCOPIED)

(b) executionofacodicil(alsoknownasimpliedrepublication).

59.AvoidWillcannotberepublished

60.AWillexpresslyrevokedcannotberevived. Whatistheremedy?

MakeanotherWill.

July25,2009

1. ALLOWANCEANDDISALLOWANCEOFWILLS(PROBATE)


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29

2. PROBATE

The actofprovingbefore a competent court thedue executionof awillby apersonpossessedof

testamentarycapacity,aswellasapprovalthereofbysaidcourt.

3. Probateismandatory.

Art838 nowillshallpassanyrealandpersonalunlessprovenandallowedbycourt

Aslongasthepersondiesleavingalastwill,actionforprobatemustbeeffected.

Toprotect the interestof the testator. Ifprobate isnotmandatory,nobodywillmakewillsanymore

sincetherelativesmayjustdisregardit. Whentestatordies,hecannotcertainlybringhiswilltocourt.

4. Probateisamatterofpublicpolicy.

Arisesfromthefactthatitisamatterofpublicpolicy. Itprotectsnotonlytheinterestofheirsbutalso

theinterestofthetestator(inseeingtoitthathiswillisfollowed).

Successionismerelyanextensionoftherightofownership. Ifyouaretheowner,youhavetherightto

choosewho

will

succeed.

5. Sinceprobateismandatory,itfollowsthatitmustalsobeimprescriptible.

Why? Because if youwill subject it to Prescription, youwill defeating themandatory nature of the

proceeding. The law itselfthenwillbetheonewhowillputa limitation to itwhich isagainstpublic

policy

6. ProbateisaSpecialProceeding(Rule75,ROC).

Aperson inpossessionofthewillmustpresent ittocourtw/in20daysfromthetimehe learnsabout

thedeathoftheperson(testator).

Dateofhearingispublishedsinceitisaproceedinginrem. Itbindsallpersoneventhosewhodidnot

directly

participate.

TheFINALAllowanceisbindingonallpersons.

7. Duringtheprobateofthewill,thereareonly3questionswhichtheprobatecourtcaninquireinto:

a) Capacity(Wasthetestatorcapacitated?)

b) Identity(Isthisthelastwill?)

c) Dueexecution(Weretheformalitiesfollowed?)

The court shld not go beyond, other qnsmay be resolved on the later part of the proceeding eg

distribution.butgenerallyonlythe3maybeinquiredinto.

Nevertheless,theSCallowssomeexception:NuguidandNepomucenoCases.

NuguidvsNuguid

Testatrix institutedhersisterassoleheirandcompletelyomittedherparents. Therebeingpreterition, it

ruledthatitwillnullifytheinstitutionofheirs. Soitwastheprobateproper,ordinarilyatthatptitwillnot

bepropertoinqintothevalidityofthewillbutitwasptdoutthatitwillonlybeawasteoftimeifwewillgo

ontotheprobatewhenwealreadyknowthatthewillisineffectivebecofpreterition.


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30

NepomucenoCase

Peoplewhoareincapacitatedtodonatetoeachotherisincapacitatedtobeinstitutedasheirs.CA thewill

isvalid but thisprovision in favorof themistressarevoid went toSCbec they shldnotyet resolve the

intrinsicvalidity.SC CAdidnotcommitanyerror,becitwasplainonitsfacethatthoseprovisionsarenot

valid.

HoweveritissubmittedthattheGeneralruleisstillTRUE.(cap,identityanddueexecution)

8. Aprobatemaybeinitiatedeitherduringthelifetimeofthetestator(antemortem)orafterhisdeath(post

mortem).

advndisadv

a) Antemortem(submittedtobethebetteroption)

Advantages:

Willmay

still

be

CORRECTED

since

Testator

is

still

alive.

Thetestatorhimselfwillpersonallyappearandtestifyastotheidentityofhiswillandsignature easier

toestablishthevalidityofthewill,errorsmaybecorrected.

Thecourtmaybeallowedtopersonallyexaminetestatorifheisofsoundmind.

Thetestatorespeciallyifhehaschildrenorrelativeswillbeinthepositiontoexplainthewilltohisheirs

therebypreventingpossiblefamilyfeudslateron.

9. Whatwillbetheeffectofallowanceofthewill?

Bindingtoallpersons(inrem)

Art838: Subjecttotherightofappeal,itshallbeCONCLUSIVEastoitsdueexecution. Hence,thecase

willforeverbeclosedastoitsdueexecutionsubjecttoappealwithinreasonabletime.

MercadovsSantos

Atthetime,theallowanceofthewillhas longattainedthecharacteroffinality. Inthiscase,16mosafter

finaljudgemntofallowanceofthewill,acomplaintforforgerywasfiled. Itwasheldthatthis isno longer

possible. Youcannolongermaintainthiscriminalcasebecausetheprobateofthewillrenderedconclusive

itsdueexecutionwhichmeans that itwasnot falsified. Hence,acriminalprosecution for forgerywillno

longerprosper.

10. Maythetestatorwhilealivestillrevokewillevenifwillwasalreadypreviousallowedantemortem?

Yes. Testator during his lifetime can revoke it even itwas already allowed. Such allowance ante

mortemwillnotpreventtestatorfromrevokingit.

Awillisessentiallyambulatory(essentiallyrevocable).

11. Iftestatorleftbothwillandcodicil,thewillandcodicilneednotbeprobatedsimultaneously.

MacamvGatmaitan

12. RabadillavsCA


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31

Theprovisionsofthewillmaynotbethesubjectofacompromiseagreementbecausethewillexpresses

the testators intention as to the matter of how his property will be disposed of. A Compromise

agreementcannotdefeattheverypurposeofmakingawill.

13.Article839. GroundsforDisallowingaWill(Art.839)a) Formalities

b) Insanity

c) Force

d) UndueandImproperPressureandInfluence

e) Fraud

f) If Testatoractedbymistakeordidnotintendthattheinstrumenthesignedbehiswill

Undueinfluence

Even in the lawon contracts, it isdifficult tomakeup a case in annulmentof a contractby

undueinfluence.

Aslong

as

our

will

is

not

overpowered

by

the

will

of

another,

there

is

no

undue

influence.

IcasianovsIcasiano

Ifafatherhas4childrenwhoareABCD. HegaveABC onlylegitimes,theresttoD.

ThemerefactofinequalityindistributiondoesnotbyitselfproveorshowundueinfluenceJBL

Reyes.

Themainpurposeinmakingawillisbecauseyoudontwantyourheirstoinheritequally.

ifitwasestablishedthatthetestatorwaslivingwithhissonD,stillnoundueinfluence.

Ifitwasestablishedfrthetestimonyofneighbors tayomagkamukha,bigyanmokongbulkng

propertymostillnoundueinfluence.

Mere

importuning

or

pleas

done

by

heir

to

testator

will

not

amount

to

undue

influence.

RevillavCA(rareinstancethatthereisbothfraudandundueinfluence)

WhileSCsaidinIcasianothatundueinfluenceandfraudaremutuallyrepugnanttoeachother.

Butinthiscsitwastheundueinfluencethatwasusedbythenephewtoconstitutethefraud

totheoldmantosigninthewill.

Thiscase illustrateswhatgreedcando.Moderateyourgreed.TheSC inthiscasesaidHeracio

overdidit.

Therewasundue influence,thetotalabsolutecontrolovertheoldman,thatundue influence

wasinturnusedtopoistthefraudto theoldmantomakehimsignnotknowingthatitwasa

lastwill.

CaldevCA katangahan

Thewillwaspresented forprobate, it isexpected that the3witnesseswillbepresentedand

eachofthemwentonthewitnessstand,howmanypenswereused?one,yourhonor.(KasoIba

iba ang tinta,hehehe) The courtwas convince that thewillwasnot actually signed in their

presence.


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32

14. INSTITUTIONOFHEIRS

15.Article840.

Institutionofheirisanactbyvirtueofwhichatestatordesignatesinhiswillthepersonorpersonswho

aretosucceedhiminhispropertyandtransmissiblerightsandobligates.

16.RequisitesforaVALIDinstitution

1) ThewillmustbeEXTRINSICALLYVALID.

2) TheinstitutionmustbevalidINTRINSICALLY.

3) TheinstitutionmustbeEFFECTIVE.

17. Is itpossible fora testator tomakeawillcontainingonly legaciesanddeviseesw/o instituting legitimate

heirs?YES

18. Isitadvisabletoinstituteapersonasheirratherthaninstitutingonlylegaciesanddevisees?

Ifyounamesomebodyasanheir,itwillassureyouthatitwillcovertheentireestate.

Inallprobability,therewillbeafteracquiredproperties. Youwillstillliveandacquireproperty andin

themeantimefromtimeofexecutionuptotimeofdeathyouwillcontinuetoacquireproperty.

ifyouwillsimplygiveoutbylegaciesanddeviseed,afteracquiredpropertywillnotbeincluded.

Itisadvisabletonameheirssomebodyisinstitutedtoyournetremainder.

19. Indesignatingheirs,legacies,devisees,isitnecessarythatcompletenameandsurnamebeindicated?

Aslongasthereisaneventandcircumstancethatthepersonwillbeidentified,itisvalid.

20. IgivemyestatetotheincumbentPresofAUF. Valid?

YES. Thereisaneventorcircumstancethathisidentitywillbeknown

21. IgivetosomestudentstoAUF.

a. Void. Itisnotpossibletoascertaintheidentityoftheinstitutedheir.

b. Dispositioninfavorofanunknownperson(personaincertia). Themassoftheestatewillbegiventothe

legalheirsinstead.(Art.845)

22. Igivetotheeldestsonofmyfriend,GilbertSosa.hiseldestson,Jhonny.IfthenameoftheeldestsonofGilb

ertisnotJohnnybutArnulfo,isitvalid? YES

Art844:Anerror in thename, surname,or circumstancesof theheir shallnotvitiate the institution

whenit

is

possible,

in

any

other

manner,

to

know

with

certainty

the

person

instituted.

23.Xhasnocompulsoryheir. EstateisP120,000.

Iherebyinstitute,A,B,C.

A,BandCshallinheritinequalparts(Art846)

a=40k

b=40k


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33

c=40k

WhatifAisalegitimateson?

a=60k+20k

b=20k

c=20k

Ifsomearecompulsoryheirs, donotapply846directlyotherwiseitwillimpairthelegitime.

24. Examples(sulatsaboardnisir,pakideciphernalngpo)

P120k

x IinstituteasmyheirsA,B,CandD

Awillget=60k

B==30k

remainderwillgotoCandD=ndividedequallytothem

C

D

x ABCandD

a==60k

B==30k

C==30k

D=0k

If the testatordesignates the sharesbe given toothersbutnothing toothers, If the shareswill

cover=thesharesnotindicatedwillreceivenothing.cannotgotoproportionalreduction nobasis

todetermineshareofD

x,ABCandchildrenofD(EFG)

Art847

A

B

C

E

F

G

DandhisChildrensimultaneouslynotsuccessively

D

E

F

G

Aasheirstoofmyestate

Bofmyestate


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34

A=60k

B=30k

Art851=theremaining30k=intestatesuccession

AandBasSOLEandUniversalHeir proportionalincreasegivethemmunawhatisduetothem

A=60k=6/9=2/3=20k=80k notethattheproportiongivenmustbepreserved

b=30k=3/9=1/3=10k=40k

p90k

ABC

A==60k6/15x120k=48

b==60k6/15x120k =24

c=

=30k

3/15

x

120k

=

24

150k

25. InstituteDrPabloMarqueszbechesavedmylifein1965butthetruthisitwasDrJuanOcampowhosaved

him.

WillDrPabloMarquezbetheoneinherit?

No. Art850

26. IgivemyestatetomybrotherBbecheisbrilliantandhandsomelawyer

Applythegenrule,disregardthefalsecause. Themovingfactoristheloveandaffection.

27. ForArt.850toapply,causemustbestatedinthewill.

28. Article856. Preterition

Whoareconsidered?legitimate,illegitimate,illegitimategrandchild(ascendant,descendant)

brother no

father yes

spouse no

adopted yes consideredaslegitimate

29. Purposeofthisprovision preterition.

Theoriginalconceptofthisissimplyplainoversightofthetestator.Thelawassumesthatifthetestator

could have only remembered, he would not have made the institution of heirs. Simple case of

forgetfulness.

SC Ventura vVentura 3:2even if theomissionwasdone intentionally and yet SC said that it is

preteritionandnotasimplecaseofdisinheritance.

30. For theomission to amt topreterition, itmustbe total and complete willnotbe given anything Will,

donation,


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35

testatorsays,I institute,ABCto9/10ofmyestatemychildrenAandB,Cnotmentionedthetestator

didnotdisposetheentireestate NCCsaysremainder legalheir thusnopreterition

31. Omissionmustbetotal,absoluteandcomplete

X,hasasonS,saysIgivemyfriendFp10krestofmyestateGasmyheir.

estateis120k

preterition didnotgivetoS

S=60k+50K=110K

F=10k

G=

InstitutionofGisVoidthusgiveitalltoS.

voluntaryheirs nullified

120k TOABC

A=

x 1998

A B1996

30K 30K

C

Jurado Cwillget30kbyrightofrepresentationtoinstitutionofAwillremainthusAwillget90k

Tolentino whenhedied in1998his compulsoryheirsbut in1998 thewill completelyomittedC

being a compulsoryheir =mustbewith preterition in accordancewithArt 777 so determine the

compulsoryheirsatthetimeofdeathofthetestatorthatthisispreterition.SothattheinstitutionofA

shallbeannulledthus:theshareswouldbeequal.

A=

C=

iftheinstitutionisnotpreteritionitwillnotbeannulledonlyadjustedastohisright.

32. Article855

a) onlyshldbelimitedonlywiththedescendantwhatifparentsarenot omitted.

b) whatifspouseisalsoomitted

Art855shallbeappliedtoallomissionbutdoesnotapplytopreterition.

2ndpar:problematicwhythereductionshallbelimitedtothecompulsoryheir?


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36

Illustration:

X: Illgive(sons)

A B C wasomitted

1/10

30k 12k 60k=100k

33. Istherepreterition?

YES. ApplyArticle854

Annultheinstitutionjustdividethetotalestateto3

August1,2009

1. SUBSTITUTIONOFHEIRS

2. Article857.

Substitutionotherwisereferredtoasconditional institution istheappointmentofanotherheirsothat

hemayenterintotheinheritanceindefaultoftheheiroriginallyinstituted.

3. Whatarethecircumstanceswheresubstitutionoccurs?

RIP =Renunciation,IncapacityandPredecease

4. Whenwillthesubstitutionoftheheirtaketheplace,ifnotexpressedbythetestator?

RIP(Repudiation,Incapacity,orPredecease)

Ifthe

testator

expressly

specified,

it

will

be

followed.

5. Article858. Whatarethekindsofsubstitution? (Jurado,189)

Simpleorcommon is thatwhich takesplacewhen the testatordesignatedoneormorepersons to

substitutetheheirorheirs instituted incasesuchheirorheirsshoulddiebefore(predecease)him,or

shouldnotwish(renunciation),orshouldbeincapacitatedtoaccepttheinheritance


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BriefiftherearetwoormorepersonsdesignatedbytheTtosubstituteforonlyoneheir.

Compendiusiftheisonlyonepersondesignatedtosubstitutefortwoormoreheirs

Reciprocal twoormoreheirsdesignatedmutually to substituteone another.Thedistribution is in

proportionto

their

aliquot

part

of

their

given

portion.

FideicommissarysubsArticle863MEMORIZE

6. FidecommissarySubsitution

It is an indirect substitution by virtue ofwhich a testator institutes afirst heir, and charges him to

preserveandtransmitthewholeorpartoftheinheritancelaterontoasecondheir.

Thedistinctionbetweenasimplesubstitution isthatwhile in thesimplesubstitutiononlyONEofthe

heirsinherits,inthefidecommissary,BOTHinherit.

7. RequisitesandLimitationsoftheFideicommissarySubstitution?(Paras,page240)

(a)There

must

be

aFIRST

HEIR

called

primarily

or

preferentially

to

the

enjoyment

of

the

property.

(b) Theremustbeanobligationclearly imposeduponhimtopreserveandtransmittoathirdperson

thewholeorpartoftheinheritance.

(c) ASECONDHEIR

(d) The1stand2ndheirsmustbeonlyonedegreeapart.

8. BothmustbelivingatthetimeoftheTsdeath.

Thefirstandthesecondheirmustbealivebecauseboththefirstandthesecondheirs inheritdirectly

formthetestator.

Whendoesthisoccur?Fromthemomentofdeath. (Article777ourfavoriteinthissubject)

9. Shouldnotgobeyondonedegreeformtheheiroriginallyinstituted.

Thereweretwoschoolsofthought:

traditionally,onlypersonsasfirstdegreerelativescanqualifyasfiduciarysubstitutes

modern,onedegreemeanstransfer,thefirstandthesecondheirneednotberelatedbyblood

aslongasthereisonlyonetransfer

TheSCheld inRAMIREZvs.RAMIREZ that itmeans relationship, theonedegreemeans relationship,

hencetherecanbeseveraltransfer.

In the light ofARANAS vs.ARANAS there are thosewhomaintain that Ramirezhas alreadybeen

abandon,buttherehasbeennoabandonment.

10.Assume thatX is the testator. Inhiswill,he institutedAasheir tohisentireestatebutorderinghim to

preserveandtransmitthesametohissonB.

Thereisafideicommissarysubstitutionbecausethereisafirstandsecondheir.

Assume that Xdied in 1990 and lets further assume thatA has two childrenB andC. Bhas two

childrenDandE. DoesAbecometheowneroftheproperties?


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38

NO,andhecannotalienatethesame. Heonlyhasrightsofausufruct.SouptowhenwillAhold

theproperty?

IfXhasanexpresswill,wehavetofollowthat.

IfXdid

not

specify

the

holding

period

it

will

be

by

A

but

only

up

to

time

of

his

death.

ThemomentAdiesordecidetotransmitthepropertywillthetotalcompleteownershipgo

toB.

SupposingthatXdiedin1990andBdiedin1992Ahoweverdiedin1995,whatwillhappen?

Itwill go toD and Eonly. Asof1990he already received the right to theproperty

thereforeitdoesnotmatterthatBdiedaheadofA.

11.Theremustbeanobligationtopreserveandtransmit. Aclearobligation,orbyexpresslycalling itbythat

name.

12.CRISOLOGOvs.

SINGSON

There isnofideicommissarysubstitutionbutsimplyasimplesubstitutionbecausethetestatrixdidnot

expresslygaveanobligationnordidshecallitbythatname.

13.PCIBvs.ESCOLIN

Thereisnofideicommissarysubstitutionbecausethereisnoobligationtopreserveandtransmit.

Therewasanimpliedprovisionthatheismakinghishusband/hubby/babesabsoluteowner

14.Assume X is the testator andhedesignatedA ashis fiduciaryheir. B, the sonofA, is fideicommissary

substitute. Testatordied in1990,Bdied in1989. CantheheirsofB inherit fromA? Dowehaveavalid

fideicommissarysubs?

NO,BsheircannotinheritbecauseBdiedaheadofX.

NOVALIDfideicommissarysubstitutionaswell. BothA&BmustbelivingatthedeadofX.

CanAinherit? YES

Article868. ThenullityoftheF.S.doesnotprejudicethevalidityoftheinstitutionoftheheirs

firstdesignated;theF.clauseshallsimplybeconsideredasnotwritten.

15.Supposingitstheotherwayaround,canBinherit?

Thereisnoprovision.

Deansubmits

that

B

should

be

allowed

to

inherit

and

consider

it

as

Simple

Substitution

because

in

fideicommissary subs the rightsof fiduciary subs ismerelyuntilhisdeath at themost, the absolute

ownershipwillenduptothe2ndheir,henceiftheintentionofthetestatorissuch,thatshouldbegiven

effect.

16.Article870anotherimportantrule!!!


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39

Generalrule:Maxperiodthatcanprohibitdispositionis20years.

After20years,disregardtheprohibition.

Exception:infideicommissarysubs.

Supposingthatthetestatordiedin1980andsince1980thepropertyhadbeenwithA.Itsnow2009.Itsalready20years,hestillcannotdispose.YoudontapplyArt.870.

17.AranascaseArticle870wastheissue

Thecaseinvolvesacatholicpriestwhomadeawill.Thespecialgroupofproperties.

TheadministratorisVicentethenephew, ineffectasausufructuary,untilhisdeathoruponrefusal, in

sucheventthesubstitutewillbeoneofthesonsofCarmelo.

TherewasaclaimthatthisprovisionviolatedArt870.

SCheldthatthereisnoviolationofArt870.

Vicenteisnotprohibitedfromalienatingthefruits,neitherthenakedownerarepreventedfrom

disposingtheir

naked

ownership,

therefore

valid

provision.

Becauseofthisruling,somesaidthatabandonednaangRamirez,connection?

Art869,inthiscasetherewillbesuccessiveusufruct,theissueof870wastheissueinAranas.

Whenthelawspeaksofonedegreeitstillmeansadegreeofrelationship(sir).

18.AssumethatXisthetestator,IgivemyfarminBulacantomyfriendF,butIgivetheusufructtoAthento

hissonBthentoC,allthreearefor5years

ThisiswhatArticle869speaksof,hencesubjecttolimitationunderArticle863.

Hence,Ccannotbeausucfructbecauseheis2nd

degree.

OnlyAandBcanbeusufruct.Becauseonlytheywouldsatisfytheonedegreelimitation.

19.CONDITIONALTESTAMENTARYDISPOSITIONSANDTESTAMENTARYDISPOSITIONSWITHATERM

20.VariousKindsofInstitutions:

Theinstitutionofheirmaybemade:

(a) withacondition.(Arts.871877,833834)

(b) withaterm(Arts.878,880,885)

(c) foracertainpurposeorcause(modalinstitution)(Arts.871,882and883)

21.Definitions

Condition future or uncertain event, or a past event unknown to the parties, upon which the

performanceof

the

obligation

depends.

Termthedayortimewhenanobligationeitherbecomesdemandableorterminates.

ModalInstitution

(a) whentheinstitutionofanheirismade,foracertainpurposeorcause.(Art.871)

(b) thestatementoftheobjectoftheinstitutionortheapplicationofthepropertyleftbythetestator

orthechargeimposeduponhim.


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40

(c) modoalsosignifieseveryonerousdispositionsbywhichtheobligor imposeduponanotherand

thuslimitedhispromise,suchasdemandingaloaninexchangeforwhattheotherpersonreceive.

22.Testatoris

given

the

right

to

impose

certain

condition

upon

the

institution

of

heirs

or

legacy

or

device

or

evenaperiod,therightofdispositionisanchoredontherightofownership.

23.When it comes to the legitime, he cannot touch that because it is not subject to his diposistion. it is

somethingthelawmandatestobegiventothecompulsoryheirs.

24. Impossiblecondition. InObligationsandContracts,theobligationisvoid. Inwills,theconditionisvoidbut

thewillisvalid.Yousimplydisregardthecondition.

Theheirwouldstillinheritbecausetestatmentarydispositionarebasedintheliberalityofthetestator.

E.g. IgivemyfriendXtheentireestate,onlyifhecanflywithoutmechanicaldevice. Xwillstill

inherit.

25.Article874. Thereisaspecialrule,tocontractmarriage.

Anabsoluteprohibitiontocontractafirstmarriagecanneverbevalidlyimposedbyanyone.

Subsequentmarriagesgenerallycannotbeimposedsubjecttoexceptiondeceasedspouse,ascendants

ofthedeceasedspouse,ascendantsofthedeceasedspouse.

26.COMMENT: (Paras,page267)

TheconditionnottoMarry

(a) Absoluteprohibition

1)to

contract

afirst

marriage

2) toremarry

(b) Relativeprohibition

1) tocontractafirstmarriage

2) toremarry

(c) A stopping of a usufruct, allowance, or personal prestation the moment the heir, legatee, or

deviseemarriesorremarries.

Absoluteprohibitiontocontractafirstmarriage

Thiscondition isabsolutelyvoid,andmaybedisregardedorconsiderednot imposed. Reason

forthelaw: Suchaconditioniscontrarytogoodmoralityandpublicpolicy.

Absoluteprohibitiontocontractaremarriage

Gen.Rule: voidbecauseitiscontrarytomoralityandpublicpolicy

Exceptions: valid

(a) whenimposedonthewidoworwidowerbythedeceasedspouse


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(b) when imposedon thewidoworwidowerby theascendantsordescendantsof the

deceasedspouse(nottheascendantsordescendantsofthewidoworwidower)

Reason:justifiedbecauseofsentimentalandeconomicreasons.

Relativeprohibition

to

contract

afirst

marriage

or

to

re

marry

This relativeprohibition (prohibition tomarryaparticulargirl,orataparticular time,or fora

numberofyears) isvalid,UNLESS itbecomes soonerousorburdensome (dontmarry for60

years;dontmarryinthePhilippinesorinAsia)thattherelativeprohibitionreallyamountsto

anabsoluteone.

27.When itcomestoabsoluteprohibitiontocontractmarriage1stmarriage,butthere isonesituationwhich

mightbeconsideredanexception,assumethatA instituteapriestasheirsubjecttotheconditionnotto

marry,Deansubmitsthatitmustbevalidbecauseheisnotonlyimposinganythingnew. Allheimposeisto

staythesameashewas,thepriestvoluntarilystayedinthestate.Thereforevalid.

28.Igivemariamyentireestatewiththeprohibitionnottomarryuntilshereachestheageof70

Thisisalreadysameasabsolute,hencevoid.

29. Intheillustration,Fcanvalidlyimposesubsequentmarriageprohibition.

30.Assumethetestatorsaid,Igivemywifemyentireestatebutshewillnotmarryagain. Nootherchildren.

Thewife3monthsafterthedeathoftestatorgotmarried,willsheloseeverything?

NO,thelegitimecannotbesubjecttocondition,shewillonlylosethefreeportion.

31.MORENTEvs.

DELA

SANTA

(Paras,

page

263)

Igivemyhubbymyentireestate,butheshallnotmarryanyone

Willthehubbyloseeverythingifshemarries?

NO. The happening of the hubbys remarry should not be considered as the fulfillment of

conditionswhichwouldannulorrevokethedevice.

Thestatementweremereordersandtherewasnoconditionorstatementthatifheshouldnot

complywiththewishesofthetestatrixhewouldlosethedevisegiventohim.

Theconditionshouldhavebeenexpresslyprovided.

32.Article875.Whatisadispositioncaptatoria?

Subjecttoaconditionthattheheirorlegateewillmakeaprovisioninhiswillinfavorofathirdperson

orthetestator.

Thisisprohibitedbecauseittendstomakethemakingofthewillacontractualact.

Notethatthedispositionitself(andnotmerelythecondition)isvoid.


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42

33.Article876. PotestativeCondition

Isonethefulfillmentofwhichdependspurelyontheheir.

HemustperformitpersonallyAFTERthetestatorsdeath. Nobodyelsemustdoitforhim.

34.Article877. CasualandMixedCondition

CasualConditionifitdependsuponchanceand/oruponthewillofathirdperson.

FulfillmentmaybeeitherBEFOREorAFTERtheTsdeath.

MixedConditionifitdependspartlybothuponthewilloftheheirANDuponchanceand/orthewillofa

thirdperson.

FulfillmentmaybeeitherBEFOREorAFTERtheTsdeath.

35.Supposing thecondition iscasualormix,earningamastersdegreewith in5years from the timeof the

death. The testator isnot aware that theheirhas already amastersdegree. The condition isdeemed

fulfilled.

36. Ifthetestatorisaware,theconditionmuststillbecompliedwithagain,butiftheconditionisinthenature

thatitcannotbefulfilledagainitwillbedeemedfulfilled.

37. Ifthedisposition issubjecttoasuspensiveterm,thatdoesnotpreventtheheirfromacquiringtherights.

Onlydemandabilityhasbeen suspendedby the suspensive term, in themean time the legalheirsunder

Article885.Thereisanirreconcilableconflict,butDeansubmitsthatArticle885shouldalwaysapply.

Article880shouldonlyapplyinthecasewherethereissuspensivecondition,

IfsuspensivetermorperiodArticle885shouldapply.

38.TherewillstillbenoroomfortheapplicationofArt.880ifthelegalheirscannotposttherequiredbond.

39. Institutionsubmodoormodalinstitution.whenisitmodal?

Ifthetestator innaminganheirspecifiestheobject,charges,applicationthen itshallbeconsidered

modal

40.Differfromconditional

Amodeobligatesbutdoesnotsuspends.

Aconditionsuspendsbutdoesnotobligate.

41. IgivetheentirefreeportiontoFmyfriend,buthalfofthe.

Agoodexampleisthecaseofrabadillacase100piculsofsugarimposedbythetestator.

42.Rememb

succession midterms magic notes

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