Abu Dhabi Conference

27~31 Oct. 2013

Successful Korean Initiatives for

Strengthening Safety and Security of

Radioactive Sources

28 October 2013

Byung Soo Lee

Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety

bslee@kins.re.kr

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NSSC (Nuclear Safety and Security Commission)

◦ Government regulatory authority responsible for overall safety & security

management of RI & RG at all stages from import and/or production to disposal

KINS (Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety)

◦ Technical authority responsible for regulatory review, assessment and inspection for

the safety & security of radiation sources and their transport etc.

Regulatory Framework

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The number of RI & RG users in Korea has been growing steadily by

about 10% annually and reaches to about 6,000 (as of 7 October 2013).

◦ Licensed users : 1,371

◦ Registered users : 4,598

Status on the Use of Radiation Sources

4 4

IAEA category 1 and 2 sources in Korea

Nuclides Field Category 1 Category 2

Co-60

Medical

Gamma Knife(18),

Blood/Skin Radiation

Exposure(1), Calibration(2)

-

Industrial Irradiator(5), etc.(1) NDT(39), Irradiator(1), Calibration(1),

etc.(1)

Cs-137

Medical Blood/Skin Radiation

Exposure(11) Blood/Skin Radiation Exposure(40)

Industrial - Calibration(16), Level Gauge(21),

Irradiator(1), etc.(4)

Ir-192

Medical - Brachytherapy(1)

Industrial NDT(48) NDT(8), Calibration(1)

Se-75 Industrial - NDT(6)

Sr-90 Industrial Calibration(1) Calibration(1)

Total No. of

licensees 86 134

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Is a web-based integrated management system for radiation sources

Effectively monitors and traces down the life cycle of all radiation sources

and its inventory

Provides useful information to both licensees and regulatory authorities

RASIS(Radiation Safety Information System)

National Radiation Protection

Infrastructure

Regulatory Framework

Life-cycle Management

& Control

Public Acceptance &

Protection of Public Health

Information Service to

Stakeholders

To strengthen radiation safety and security

To protect the public against radiological hazards

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RASIS Structure

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Operated since 1999

User : Regulator(NSSC/KINS)

RASIS

Process Standardization

Inspection Information

Document Control

Statistics

Process Effectiveness

License Information

Regulatory

Information

System License

work

- Review of RI license application,

- History of RI license, Transportation

Inspection - On-site inspection support

- Inspection check list

Statistics - Real-time statistics data production

- Process analysis data

Procedure - Standardization

- Simplification, Effectiveness

Official

Document

- Real-time document circulation

- On-line application & handling

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Real-time tracking system of radiation sources of irradiation devices for

NDT based on location information gathered from GPS

Objective

◦ monitor the locations and keep track of movements of radiation sources

◦ confirm the radiation dose rates, the conditions of the terminals accurately

◦ recover the sources quickly in case of loss or theft

RADLOT(Radiation Source Location Tracking System)

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RADLOT: System Configuration

User

GPS terminal Mobile communication agency (CDMA network)

KINS control center Operator

Radiation Source Location Tracking System(RADLOT)

Communication server

Web server

DB server

Monitoring & controlling

HLR

PDE

IWF

Exclusive line

internet

Location information

based on CELL

Terminal status information

Gathering information and controlling terminal

Referring source information

Internet

LAN

LAN

LBS server

Location information based on CELL

BTS : Base Transceiver System

HLR : Home Location Resistor

PDE : Position Determination Entity

IWF : interWorking Function

Location information

based on GPS

BTS

Base transceiver

station

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Main Feature

◦ Developed START-I from 2004 to 2005, started operation in 2006

◦ consists of mobile tracking terminals, mobile communication agency, central control

system at KINS, operating staff, users (NDT company, related organization)

◦ the web-based management system for radiation source safety and security by

collecting location information with ~1,500 mobile tracking terminals

Application

◦ transmitted data on the locations of radiation source is displayed via geographic

information system using the digital map provided by the central control system at

KINS

RADLOT

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Evolution of RADLOT

START-I START-I START-I-33 START-I-IH

START-88s START-88e START-II

w/ Radiation level 880 Series irradiator

660 Series irradiator

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RADLOT: Simulation

Terminal

Tracks of movement

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Cooperation with Vietnam and IAEA

◦ Pilot technical project for the operation of RADLOT in Vietnam

◦ Follow-up action of the 2012 Seoul Nuclear Security Summit

Starting a dialog with U.S. DOE

◦ Suggestion of sharing successes and challenges of RADLOT by U.S. DOE

RADLOT: International Cooperation

http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?cid=767&docId=1846363&categoryId=1887http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=657659http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=657659http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?cid=769&docId=956880&categoryId=1843

14 14

2012

2013

Installed Plan

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Install 10 22 40 16 12

Total 10 32 72 88 100

Korea has been operating 10 RPMs(Radiation Portal Monitor) at major seaports since 2012 (by Act on Protective Action Guidelines against Radiation in Natural Environment)

◦ In 2012, 10 RPMs were installed at 4 major seaports(Incheon, Pyeongtaek, Busan,

Pohang)

RPMs at Seaports & Airports

◦ In 2013, 22 RPMs are being installed at 6 seaports

◦ The Purpose of the RPMs is to monitor radioactively contaminated metal scrap and

NORM for registration from imported cargos

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Actions under Alarm Situations

Operation of RPMs at Seaports & Airports

Alarm Occurrence

Acceptance of Alarm Event

Detection Value >

Investigation Level*

Illicit Radioactive

Materials in cargo?

※ 1 μSv/h

First alarm of this type cargo?

Detection Value >

Usual Average Value ×2

Collecting & Managing

the cargo information

Field investigation against the

Event by Specialists of KINS

Completion of the Event

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No Feedback

※ Screening Level : BKG + 20σ

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Monitoring illicit nuclear materials and radioactive sources for the major

ports arranged by U.S DOE/NNSA

Korea has participated in the Megaport Initiative since March 14, 2011

◦ Operation of radiation portal monitors by Korea Customs Service at Busan port

Cooperation for MI(Megaport Initiative)

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Cargos bound to the U.S have to pass through the monitors

If any alarm occurs, the second check and inspections are performed

◦ Preparing for the national emergency response procedures

◦ Establishment of a video conference system between the site and KINS

MI: Alarm Response Procedures

Cargos imported 1st Monitors

Alarm

2nd, 3rd Monitors Emergency response procedures

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Implementation of training for first responders (Fire brigade, police, etc.)

on initial radiological emergency response since 2007

◦ Lecture on basic theory, simulation drill and professional advice

Operation of U-REST(Ubiquitous Regional Radiation Emergency

Supporting Team) since 2007

◦ Organized as local civil radiation experts for initial response to radiological

emergencies

Enhancement of First Response

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Lost & Recovery of Industrial Radiography Source (Sep. 2010)

◦ Cause : An old scrap collector took the source while workers left it unattended for a

while

◦ Early recovery of the missing source with the active help of the local police officer

who was trained for radiological emergency response

Good Practice of Emergency Response

가압이온챔버

NaI 섬광검출기

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Schedule : Feb. 24 ~ March 7 in 2014 (2 weeks)

Scope : National Regime, Facility Regime, Transport Security,

Radiation Sources Security & Cyber Security (5 modules)

Preparation for the mission

◦ Amending the relevant domestic regulations to reflect the IAEA recommendations

related to the security of radiation sources

IPPAS Mission to Korea

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Supported for the implementation of CoC(April 2004) and the Import and

Export Guidance(Sept. 2012)

Joined IAEA’s program related to nuclear security such as ITDB, INES

etc.

Signatory to international convention

◦ Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident

◦ Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological

Emergency Collaboration

Collaborated with the international organizations

◦ GICNT, INFL and WINS

International Cooperation & Assistance

Abu Dhabi Conference

27~31 Oct. 2013

Thank you for

your attention!