suburbanization. 1. central business district (cbd) ▪ retail/business services in the cbd ▪ high...
TRANSCRIPT
1. Central business district (CBD)
▪ Retail/business services in the CBD▪ High land costs in the CBD
2. Suburbanization of business
▪ Retail stores▪ Some light-factories & offices
1. 3 types of retail services concentrate in the center:
- shops with a high threshold- shops with a long range- people who work in the center
1. extreme competition for limited space (land shortage)
2. land value extremely high 1. Tokyo commercial space:
170,645/square meter
3. in CBD: intensive land use
1. Overcrowded, expensive, crime-ridden
2. “filtering”: large expensive older houses subdivided for low-income families
3. “White Flight”: process of higher income whites moving out of crowded city center to suburbs
4. Creation of inner city low-income public housing
1. Past 40 years: massive changes in U.S. cities
suburbanization has created downtowns empty of economic vitality (ex: Detroit)
2. Relocation of office towers in or near suburbia
Most shopping malls in Atlanta and
other cities are in the suburbs. The
ideal location is near an interchange
on an interstate highway beltway
circling the city.
1. At National level: policies have contributed to decentralization & suburbanization
▪ Federal Highway Act of 1916 ▪ Federal Housing Administration (1934)…
FHA 30-year mortgage!▪ Housing Act of 1937 (Public Housing)▪ GI Bill of 1944…▪ Interstate Highway Act of 1956
* All led to…“BABY BOOM”
1. Shopping Malls- off highway exits- near middle class
2. Office Parks- relocated closer to suburbs
3. Master-planned communities
- gated private communities
4. “Edge Cities”
5. “Exurbs”
Weston in Broward County:
▪ Covers approximately ten thousand acres ▪ Land use is completely regulated within gated area ▪ Shrubbery is planted to shield residents from roadway
view ▪ Signs are uniform in style
1. Many “sleeping suburbs” transformed into smaller urban centers on the edge
2. Most Americans now live & work in “edge cities”
gentrificationgentrification:: the movement of middle class people into deteriorated areas of city centers begins in inner-city, rundown caused by lower property values
in inner city now more affordable than suburbs
i.e. Wynwood
Urban Urban “revitalization”/”renewal”:“revitalization”/”renewal”:
Some once rotting downtown waterfronts are “renewing”
Commuters at Maplewood, NJ
Arizona: Chandler, Gilbert, Glendale, Mesa, Peoria, Scottsdale, Tempe
California: Anaheim, Chula Vista, Corona, Costa Mesa, Elk Grove, Escondido, Fontana, Fremont, Fullerton, Irvine, Lancaster, Moreno Valley, Oceanside, Ontario, Orange, Oxnard, Rancho Cucamonga, Riverside, San Bernardino, Santa Ana, Santa Rosa, Simi Valley, Sunnyvale
Colorado: Aurora, Lakewood, Westminster Florida: Clearwater, Coral Springs, Hialeah,
Pembroke Pines Illinois: Aurora, Elgin, Joliet, Naperville Nevada: Henderson, North Las Vegas Oregon: Salem Texas: Arlington, Carrollton, Garland, Grand Prairie,
Irving, Mesquite, Plano Virginia: Chesapeake Washington: Bellevue