Substance Use: Substance Use: Medicines and DrugsMedicines and Drugs

Chapters 21, 22, 23:The Role of Medicines, Drug Use-A High Risk Behavior, Marijuana,

Inhalants, Steroids, Psychoactive Drugs, Living Drug Free

Answer and DefineAnswer and Define

What are 4 categories of medicine?What is the difference between a drug and

a medicine?Define Prescription Drug.Define OTC drugs.Define vaccine, anti-viral, drug

interaction, analgesic, tolerance and withdrawal.

Medicines: 4 Medicines: 4 CategoriesCategories

1. Those that prevent disease2. Those that fight pathogens3. Those that relieve pain4. Those that restore health and regulate

body systems

Classification of Classification of MedicinesMedicines

MedicinesMedicines are drugs that are used to treat or prevent disease or other conditions

DrugsDrugs are substances other than food that change the structure and function of the brain

All Medicines are drugs, but not all All Medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicinesdrugs are medicines..

Medicine TerminologyMedicine Terminology

VaccineAntiviral, AntifungalAnalgesic (Pain Reliever): Aspirin,

Acetaminophen, IbuprofenAdditive Interaction, Synergistic effect,

Antagonistic interactionTolerance, Withdrawal

Medicine SafetyMedicine Safety

Prescription Medicines-Prescription Medicines-FDA rules that certain drugs must be

prescribed by a licensed physician and dispensed by a licensed pharmacist.

Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines-Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines-FDA considers these drugs safe to use

without medical supervision and may be purchased without a prescription.

Drug Use: A High Risk BehaviorDrug Use: A High Risk Behavior

““No one starts using drugs with the No one starts using drugs with the intention of becoming addicted”intention of becoming addicted”

Substance abuseSubstance abuseAny unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for nonmedical

reasons

What went wrong???????????????What went wrong???????????????

Diane Shuler, John Daly, Michael, Heath, Amy

You?You?Do you or will you have a problem with a

drug?

Factors that influence Factors that influence decisions about drugsdecisions about drugs

1. Peer Pressure2. Family Members3. Role Models4. Media Messages5. Perceptions

Media Messages and PerceptionMedia Messages and Perception

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Kristina's Addiction

Understanding the Addiction Understanding the Addiction CycleCycle

ExperimentationTolerancePsychological DependencePhysiological DependenceAddiction

Everybody’s Doing Everybody’s Doing It!It!

What’s the Research on usage of selected substances for 12thgraders? (CDC)

CigarettesMarijuanaCocaineInhalantsEcstasyAlcohol

From 1980 to 2003From 1980 to 2003

Partner ActivityPartner Activity: : Give an Give an Estimate for each substance Estimate for each substance and year and year

SubstanceSubstance 1980 1980 2003 2003CigarettesMarijuanaCocaineInhalantsMDMA(Ecstasy)Alcohol

CDC Statistics From 1980 to 2003 CDC Statistics From 1980 to 2003

SubstanceSubstance 19801980 20032003Cigarettes 30.5 24.4Marijuana 33.7 21.2Cocaine 5.2 2.1

Inhalants 1.4 1.5MDMA(Ecstasy) No Data until

1999- 2.51.3

Alcohol 72.0 47.5

Living Drug FreeLiving Drug Free

Resist Pressure; Use Refusal SkillsCommitment to be Drug FreeChoose Healthy Alternatives

AlcoholAlcohol

Addictive, physically damaging, often an entry to other drug use, a lethal drug with harmful physical, emotional, mental, social, and legal consequences.

Signs of a problem: lying, avoiding friends, giving up activities, taking unnecessary risks, feeling depressed.

Welcome to CollegeWelcome to College

The College Process & the 1The College Process & the 1stst Year Year

The Acceptance Process

The 1st Year

Welcome to CollegeWelcome to College

More than 1,700 college students in the U.S. are killed each year- about 4.6 a day- as a result of alcohol-related injuries

Binge DrinkingBinge Drinking

4 or more drinks in one sitting30% of 12th graders in the U.S. binge drink44% of American college students (51%

male, 40% female) engaged in this practice at least once in the past two weeks. Results of the Harvard School of Public Health 1999 College Alcohol Study Henry Wechsler, PhD, et al.

No one had called for help.No one had called for help.

Visibly intoxicated, and was Visibly intoxicated, and was placed on the floor to “sleep it placed on the floor to “sleep it off”- alone.off”- alone.

www.gordie.orgwww.gordie.org

Gordies StoryGordies Story

"Haze" the movieOn September 17th, 2004, Lynn Gordon Bailey Jr.

("Gordie") was found dead at the Chi Psi Fraternity house at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Gordie was 18 years old when he died. Just one month earlier, he had enrolled as a freshman at the University of Colorado Leeds School of Business. In his four weeks at the University, Gordie had been named to the club lacrosse team and had become a pledge at Chi Psi Fraternity.

Just the Facts Just the Facts

Every year, more than 5,000 deaths of people under age 21 are linked to underage drinking.

Alcohol is a leading factor in automobile crashes, homicides, and suicides – the three leading causes of death for people aged 15 to 24.

Americans begin drinking regularly at an average age of 15.9 years.

More FactsMore Facts

Teens who begin drinking before age 15 are five times more likely to develop alcohol dependence than those who begin drinking at age 21.

Alcohol problems are highest among young adults ages 18-29.

In 2005, underage drinkers consumed 15% of the alcohol sold in the U.S., spending $19.8 billion in sales.

Decision-Making: It Can’t Happen Decision-Making: It Can’t Happen To Me!!!To Me!!!

Underage drinking plays a significant role in risky sexual behavior, such as unwanted, unintended, and unprotected sexual activity. This behavior increases the risk for unplanned pregnancy and STDs.

Alcohol TerminologyAlcohol Terminology

Ethanol- type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages

Fermentation- chemical action of yeast on sugars

Depressant- slows the CNSIntoxication- the body is poisoned by

alcohol

Alcohol and the LawAlcohol and the Law

Under 21 it is illegal to buy, possess, or consume alcohol.

Teens can be arrested, fined and sentenced to a youth detention center.

As a result there will be a damaged reputation. Lose of trust and respect of friends and family.

Blood Alcohol Concentration Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)(BAC)

The amount of alcohol in a person’s blood, expressed by a percentage.

Accidents, primarily DWI, is the leading cause of death among teenagers.

Alcohol impairs vision, reaction time, and coordination. Reduces a person’s ability to judge distances & speeds. Increases risk taking behaviors.

One DrinkOne Drink

12 oz. Beer5 oz. Wine1.25 oz. liquorEach contains the same amount of pure

alcohol.Each drink increases BAC .02%Legal Intoxication Level is .08%

ActivityActivity

Say NO! to a Driver Who Has Been Drinking!

Walk the Gauntlet of Good and Evil!

Other ProblemsOther Problems

Binge DrinkingAlcohol PoisoningDelirium Tremors (DT’s)Alcohol BlackoutFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)FAS PSA

AlcoholismAlcoholism

A A diseasedisease in which a person has a physical in which a person has a physical or psychological dependence on alcohol.or psychological dependence on alcohol.

The alcoholic is an addict dependent on alcohol who craves the drug, has experienced loss of control, developed a tolerance and has health, family and legal problems.

Alcoholism

The Stages of AlcoholismThe Stages of Alcoholism

According to the American Medical Association, Alcoholism develops in 3 stages:

1. Abuse2. Dependence3. Addiction

TreatmentTreatment

AlcoholismAlcoholism cannot be cured but can be treated. 212-870-3400

SobrietySobriety is a lifelong commitment to live without alcohol.

RecoveryRecovery is the process of learning to live an alcohol-free life.

Help GroupsHelp Groups: Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Al-Anon, Alateen.

www.al-anon.alateen.org

Tobacco UseTobacco Use

According to the Surgeon General:

Tobacco use is the #1 cause of preventable death!

Then…Why use it?

Serious Health RiskSerious Health Risk

NicotineStimulantCarcinogenTarCarbon Monoxide

43 Known Carcinogens43 Known Carcinogens

Cyanide, Formaldehyde, Arsenic, Insecticides, Paint, Toilet Cleaner, Antifreeze, Explosives, Ammonia, etc.

                                                                                                                                                                     

Secondhand SmokeSecondhand Smoke

Smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, pipe or cigar

Smoke exhaled from the lungs of smokers

3,000 lung cancer & 35,000 heart disease deaths each year in nonsmokers

Smokeless TobaccoSmokeless Tobacco

Tobacco that is sniffed, held in the mouth or chewed.

LEUKOPLAKIAThickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer.

Short Term Short Term EffectsEffects

Change in brain chemistryIncrease in respiration and heart rate

Dulled taste buds and reduced appetite

Bad breath, smelly hair, clothes and skin

Long Term EffectsLong Term Effects

Chronic BronchitisEmphysemaLung CancerCoronary Heart Disease and Stroke

                                                                                                                                                                                        

MarketingMarketing

Lucky Strike:Effects on the Body

Joe Camel

Smoking Flintstones

How to quitHow to quit

The most common smoking cessation methods are:

Cold Turkey completely stopping all smoking at one time.Gradual decreasing the number of cigarettes you smoke

over time, such as smoking only half a cigarette, waiting an hour longer each day before lighting up your first cigarette, or smoking only during odd or even hours.

Nicotine Replacement Therapy using gum or a patch, helps reduce cravings and ease withdrawal symptoms without exposure to tar, carbon monoxide, and other harmful components of cigarette smoke.

Zyban a prescription antidepressant, also reduces symptoms of nicotine withdrawal. In one study, Zyban helped 49 percent of smokers quit for at least a month.

Other ConsequencesOther Consequences

Legal

Social

Financial

Conclusion/OutcomeConclusion/Outcome

Words to Grow On by Iron Eyes Cody

Environmentalist who was pivotal

in the “Keep America

Beautiful” campaign

Environmentalist who was pivotal

in the “Keep America

Beautiful” campaign

Many years ago, Indian youths would go away in solitude to

prepare for manhood. One such youth hiked into a beautiful valley,

green with trees, bright with flowers. There he fasted. But on the

third day, as he looked up at the surrounding mountains, he noticed one tall rugged peak. Capped with

dazzling snow.“I will test myself against that mountain and become a man.”

He set off to climb the peak. When he reached the top he stood

On the rim of the world. He could see forever., and his heart swelled

With pride. Then he heard a rustle at his feet, and looking down,

He saw a snake. Before he could move, the snake spoke:

“I am about to die, it is too cold for me up here and I am freezing.

There is no food and I am starving.Put me under your shirt and take me down to the

valley.

The youth replied, “No, you are a rattlesnake, if I pick you

up, you will bite,And your bite will kill me.”

“Not so,” said the snake. “I will treat you differently.

If you do this for me, you will be special.

I will not harm you.”

The youth resisted awhile,But this snake was persuasive. At last the youth

tucked under his shirt and carried it down to the valley.

There he laid it gently on the grass. Suddenly the snake coiled, rattled, and leapt,

biting him on the leg.The youth cried, “But you promised”

As the snake slithered away leaving the youth to die , it said,

“You knew who I was when you picked me up.”

The next time you are temptedto use drugs or alcohol, remember the

Words of the Snake:

“You knew who I was when you picked me

up”