subnetting
DESCRIPTION
This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNP nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers. I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.TRANSCRIPT
1
2
Example – 1
• One bit masking is Invalid, You are not getting any networks when you convert 1 host bit to network bit.
Class C : N.N.N.H110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Subnet= 2n – 2 = 21 – 2 = 2 – 2 = 0 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxx
HELP
3
Example – 2
• No. of Host= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 21 – 2 = 2 – 2 = 0 Hosts/Subnet
• In this case, You are not getting any host when you convert 7 host bit to network bit.
Class C : N.N.N.H110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Subnet= 2n – 2 = 27 – 2 = 128 – 2 = 126 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
4
Example – 3
• No. of Host= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 20 – 2 = 0 – 2 = -2 Hosts/Subnet
• In this case, You are not getting any host when you convert 8 host bit to network bit.
Class C : N.N.N.H110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Subnet= 2n – 2 = 28 – 2 = 256 – 2 = 254 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
5
Requirement of Hosts is 40 ?Example – 1
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)= 22 – 2= 4 – 2 = 2 Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 Req. of Host= 26 – 2 40 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 64 – 2 = 62 Hosts/Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
6
x
Example – 1 (Continued…)
• Range of NetworksNetwork ID Broadcast ID192.168.1.0
• Customize Subnet Mask =255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111. 1100000012
8 64
x
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.192 – 192.168.1.255
– 192.168.1.63192.168.1.64 – 192.168.1.127192.168.1.128 – 192.168.1.191
64
192If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits
2 Subnet & 62 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.255.192
Subnet Range192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.127192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.191
If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits 2 Subnet & 62 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.255.192
Subnet Range192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.127192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.191
7
Requirement of Hosts is 2 ?Example – 2
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)= 26 – 2= 64 – 2 = 62 Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 Req. of Host= 22 – 2 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 4 – 2 = 2 Hosts/Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
8x
Example – 2 (Continued…)
• Range of NetworksNetwork ID Broadcast ID192.168.1.0
• Customize Subnet Mask =255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111. 1111110012
8 64 32
x
Valid Subnets
16
192.168.1.248 – 192.168.1.251192.168.1.252 – 192.168.1.255
– 192.168.1.3192.168.1.4 – 192.168.1.7192.168.1.8 – 192.168.1.11192.168.1.12 – 192.168.1.15
8 44
252
9
Cisco / NotationExample – 1
• No. of Host= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 23 – 2= 8 – 2= 6 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0/29
Extra Network Bits = 29 – 24 = 5
Put n value = 5
• No. of Subnet= 2n – 2 = 25 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)= 32 – 2 = 30 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
10
Example – 1 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask =255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111. 1111100012
8 64 32 16 88
x
x
Valid Subnets
192.168.1.240 – 192.168.1.247192.168.1.248 – 192.168.1.255
– 192.168.1.7192.168.1.8 – 192.168.1.15192.168.1.16 – 192.168.1.23192.168.1.24 – 192.168.1.31
• Range of NetworksNetwork ID Broadcast ID192.168.1.0
248If you convert 5 Host Bits to Network Bits
30 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.255.248
Subnet Range 192.168.1.8 to 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.23192.168.1.24 to 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.39
192.168.1.240 to 192.168.1.247
If you convert 5 Host Bits to Network Bits30 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.255.248
Subnet Range 192.168.1.8 to 192.168.1.15 192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.23192.168.1.24 to 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.39
192.168.1.240 to 192.168.1.247
11
Cisco / NotationExample – 2
• No. of Host= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 24 – 2= 16 – 2= 14 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0/28
Extra Network Bits = 28 – 24 = 4
Put n value = 4
• No. of Subnet= 2n – 2 = 24 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)= 16 – 2 = 14 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
12x
Example – 2 (Continued…)
• Range of NetworksNetwork ID Broadcast ID192.168.1.0
• Customize Subnet Mask =255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111. 1111000012
8 64 32
x
Valid Subnets
1616
192.168.1.224 – 192.168.1.239192.168.1.240 – 192.168.1.255
– 192.168.1.15192.168.1.16 – 192.168.1.31192.168.1.32 – 192.168.1.47192.168.1.48 – 192.168.1.63
240If you convert 4 Host Bits to Network Bits
14 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.255.240
Subnet Range 192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.47192.168.1.48 to 192.168.1.63 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.80
192.168.1.224 to 192.168.1.239
If you convert 4 Host Bits to Network Bits14 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.255.240
Subnet Range 192.168.1.16 to 192.168.1.31 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.47192.168.1.48 to 192.168.1.63 192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.80
192.168.1.224 to 192.168.1.239
13
Requirement of Networks is 2 ?Example – 1
• No. of Host= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 214 – 2= 16384 – 2= 16382 Hosts/Subnet
Class B : N.N.H.H10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0
• No. of Subnet= 2n – 2 Req. of Subnet= 22 – 2 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)= 4 – 2 = 2 Subnet
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
14
Example – 1 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask =255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
0
11000000. 00000000
x
128 6464
x
Valid Subnets
172.16.192.0 –172.16.255.255
• Range of NetworksNetwork ID Broadcast ID172.16.0.0 – 172.16.63.255172.16.64.0 – 172.16.127.255172.16.128.0 – 172.16.191.255
192.If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits
2 Subnet & 16382 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.192.0
Subnet Range 172.16.64.0 to 172.16.127.255172.16.128.0 to 172.16.191.255
If you convert 2 Host Bits to Network Bits 2 Subnet & 16382 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.192.0
Subnet Range 172.16.64.0 to 172.16.127.255172.16.128.0 to 172.16.191.255
15
Requirement of Hosts is 126 ?Example – 2
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)= 29 – 2= 512 – 2 = 510 Subnet
Class B : N.N.H.H10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 Req. of Host= 27 – 2 126 (-2 is for Network ID & BroadcastID)= 128 – 2 = 126 Hosts/Subnet
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
16x
Example – 2 (Continued…)
• Range of NetworksNetwork ID Broadcast ID172.16.0.0
• Customize Subnet Mask =255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111. 1000000012
812
8
x
Valid Subnets
– 172.16.0.127172.16.0.128 – 172.16.0.255172.16.1.0 – 172.16.1.127172.16.1.128 – 172.16.1.255
172.16.255.0 –172.16.255.127172.16.255.128 –172.16.255.255
128If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits
510 Subnet & 126 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.255.128
Subnet Range172.16.0.128 to 172.16.0.255 172.16.1.0 to 172.16.1.127172.16.1.128 to 172.16.1.255 172.16.2.0 to 172.16.2.127
172.16.255.0 to 172.16.255.127
If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits510 Subnet & 126 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.255.128
Subnet Range172.16.0.128 to 172.16.0.255 172.16.1.0 to 172.16.1.127172.16.1.128 to 172.16.1.255 172.16.2.0 to 172.16.2.127
172.16.255.0 to 172.16.255.127
17
Cisco / NotationExample – 3
• No. of Host= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 210 – 2= 1024 – 2= 1022 Hosts/Subnet
Class B : N.N.H.H10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class B : 172.16.0.0/22
Extra Network Bits = 22 – 16 = 6
Put n value = 6
• No. of Subnet= 2n – 2 = 26 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)= 64 – 2 = 62 Subnet
10xxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
18x
Example – 3 (Continued…)
• Range of NetworksNetwork ID Broadcast ID172.16.0.0
• Customize Subnet Mask =255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11111100. 0000000012
8 64 32
x
Valid Subnets
16
172.16.248.0 –172.16.251.255172.16.252.0 – 172.16.255.255
– 172.16.3.255172.16.4.0 – 172.16.7.255172.16.8.0 – 172.16.11.255172.16.12.0 – 172.16.15.255
8 44
0252.If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits
62 Subnet & 1022 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.252.0
Subnet Range172.16.4.0 to 172.16.7.255
172.16.8.0 to 172.16.11.255172.16.12.0 to 172.16.15.255172.16.16.0 to 172.16.19.255
172.16.248.0 to 172.16.251.255
If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits62 Subnet & 1022 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.252.0
Subnet Range172.16.4.0 to 172.16.7.255
172.16.8.0 to 172.16.11.255172.16.12.0 to 172.16.15.255172.16.16.0 to 172.16.19.255
172.16.248.0 to 172.16.251.255
19
Requirement of Networks is 500 ?Example – 1
• No. of Host= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 215 – 2= 32768 – 2= 32766 Hosts/Subnet
Class A : N.H.H.H0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A : 10.0.0.0
• No. of Subnet= 2n – 2 Req. of Subnet= 29 – 2 500 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)= 512 – 2 = 510 Subnet
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
20x
Example – 1 (Continued…)
• Range of NetworksNetwork ID Broadcast ID10.0.0.0
• Customize Subnet Mask =255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.10000000. 0000000012
812
8
x
Valid Subnets
– 10.0.127.25510.0.128.0 – 10.0.255.25510.1.0.0 – 10.1.127.25510.1.128.0 – 10.1.255.255
10.255.0.0 – 10.255.127.25510.255.128.0 –10.255.255.255
0128.If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits
510 Subnet & 32766 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.128.0
Subnet Range10.0.128.0 to 10.0.255.255 10.1.0.0 to 10.1.127.25510.1.128.0 to 10.1.255.255 10.2.0.0 to 10.2.127.255
10.255.0.0 to 10.255.127.255
If you convert 9 Host Bits to Network Bits510 Subnet & 32766 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.128.0
Subnet Range10.0.128.0 to 10.0.255.255 10.1.0.0 to 10.1.127.25510.1.128.0 to 10.1.255.255 10.2.0.0 to 10.2.127.255
10.255.0.0 to 10.255.127.255
21
Requirement of Hosts is 260000 ?Example – 2
• No. of Subnet
= 2n – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)= 26 – 2= 64 – 2 = 62 Subnet
Class A : N.H.H.H0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A : 10.0.0.0• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 Req. of Host= 218 – 2 260000 (-2 is for Network ID & BroadcastID)
= 262144 – 2 = 262142 Hosts/Subnet
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
22x
Example – 2 (Continued…)
• Range of NetworksNetwork ID Broadcast ID10.0.0.0
• Customize Subnet Mask =255.
11111111.
252.
11111100.00000000. 00000000
x
Valid Subnets
– 10.3.255.25510.4.0.0 – 10.7.255.25510.8.0.0 – 10.11.255.25510.12.0.0 – 10.15.255.255
10.248.0.0 – 10.251.255.25510.252.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
00.
128 64 32 16 8 44
If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits62 Subnet & 262142 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.252.0.0
Subnet Range10.4.0.0 to 10.3.255.25510.8.0.0 to 10.7.255.255
10.12.0.0 to 10.15.255.25510.16.0.0 to 10.19.255.255
10.248.0.0 to 10.251.255.255
If you convert 6 Host Bits to Network Bits62 Subnet & 262142 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.252.0.0
Subnet Range10.4.0.0 to 10.3.255.25510.8.0.0 to 10.7.255.255
10.12.0.0 to 10.15.255.25510.16.0.0 to 10.19.255.255
10.248.0.0 to 10.251.255.255
23
Cisco / NotationExample – 3
• No. of Host= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 212 – 2= 4096 – 2= 4094 Hosts/Subnet
Class A : N.H.H.H0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class A : 10.0.0.0/20
Extra Network Bits = 20 – 8 = 12
Put n value = 12
• No. of Subnet= 2n – 2 = 212 – 2 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)= 4096 – 2 = 4094 Subnet
0xxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
24x
Example – 3 (Continued…)
• Range of NetworksNetwork ID Broadcast ID10.0.0.0
• Customize Subnet Mask =255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11110000. 0000000012
8 64 32
x
Valid Subnets
16
10.255.224.0 –10.255.239.25510.255.240.0 – 10.255.255.255
– 10.0.15.25510.0.16.0 – 10.0.31.25510.0.32.0 – 10.0.47.25510.0.48.0 – 10.0.63.255
0240.
16
If you convert 12 Host Bits to Network Bits4094 Subnet & 4094 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.240.0
Subnet Range10.0.16.0 to 10.31.255.25510.0.32.0 to 10.47.255.25510.0.48.0 to 10.63.255.25510.0.64.0 to 10.79.255.255
10.255.224.0 to 10.255.239.255
If you convert 12 Host Bits to Network Bits4094 Subnet & 4094 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.240.0
Subnet Range10.0.16.0 to 10.31.255.25510.0.32.0 to 10.47.255.25510.0.48.0 to 10.63.255.25510.0.64.0 to 10.79.255.255
10.255.224.0 to 10.255.239.255
25
• Subnetting a subnet is called as Variable Length Subnet Mask
• VLSMs provide the capability to include more than one subnet mask within a major network
VLSM
26
ZOOM Technologies is having 100 PC
• ZOOM Technologies – 192.168.1.0/24– MCSE– CISCO– FIREWALL– SOLARIS– TRAINING
• Administrator’s requirement : Inter-department communication should not be possible ? Best Solution is :
FLSM i.e. Subnetting
Scenario
27
Scenario (…continued)
ZOOM Technologies – MCSE– CISCO
– Ccna– Ccnp
– FIREWALL– ISA– Checkpoint– Net SQ– Clavister– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS– Linux– Unix– Solaris
– TRAINING
Now we are also having sub departments
28
• Administrator does not want inter-department communication in the sub departments ?
Answer : You will use the subnet range to further divide it into smaller ranges, this time its Subnetting of a Subnet i.e. VLSM.
Scenario (…continued)
29
Calculation of FLSM
• No. of Host= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 25 – 2= 32 – 2= 30 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.0
• No. of Subnet= 2n – 2 Req. of Subnet= 23 – 2 5 (-2 is for First & Last Subnet Range)= 8 – 2 = 6 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
30x
FLSM (Continued…)
• Range of NetworksNetwork ID Broadcast ID192.168.1.0
• Customize Subnet Mask =255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111. 1110000012
8 64 3232
192.168.1.32192.168.1.64192.168.1.96192.168.1.128192.168.1.160192.168.1.192192.168.1.224
192.168.1.31192.168.1.63192.168.1.95192.168.1.127192.168.1.159192.168.1.191192.168.1.223192.168.1.255
x
Valid Subnets
224If you convert 3 Host Bits to Network Bits
6 Subnet & 30 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.255.224
Subnet Range 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.63.192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.95
192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.127192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.159192.168.1.160 to 192.168.1.191192.168.1.192 to 192.168.1.223
If you convert 3 Host Bits to Network Bits6 Subnet & 30 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.255.224
Subnet Range 192.168.1.32 to 192.168.1.63.192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.95
192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.127192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.159192.168.1.160 to 192.168.1.191192.168.1.192 to 192.168.1.223
31
ZOOM Technologies – MCSE– CISCO
– Ccna– Ccnp
– FIREWALL– ISA– Checkpoint– Net SQ– Clavister– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS– Linux– Unix– Solaris
– TRAINING
Assigning of the Ranges
192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27
192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27
192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27
192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27
192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27
32
Calculation of VLSM for CISCO Dept.
• No. of Host= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 24 – 2= 16 – 2= 14 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.64
• No. of Subnet= 2n Req. of Subnet= 21 2= 2 = 2 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
33
VLSM (Continued…)
• Range of NetworksNetwork ID Broadcast ID192.168.1.64
• Customize Subnet Mask =255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111. 11110000
Valid Subnets
240
128 64 32 1616
– 192.168.1.79 192.168.1.80 – 192.168.1.95
If you convert 1 more Host Bit to Network Bit2 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.255.240
Subnet Range192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.79192.168.1.80 to 192.168.1.95
If you convert 1 more Host Bit to Network Bit2 Subnet & 14 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.255.240
Subnet Range192.168.1.64 to 192.168.1.79192.168.1.80 to 192.168.1.95
34
Assigning of the Ranges
192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28
192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28
ZOOM Technologies – MCSE– CISCO
– Ccna– Ccnp
– FIREWALL– ISA– Checkpoint– Net SQ– Clavister– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS– Linux– Unix– Solaris
– TRAINING
192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27
192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27
192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27
192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27
192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27
35
Calculation of VLSM for Firewall Dept.
• No. of Host= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 22 – 2= 4 – 2= 2 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.96
• No. of Subnet= 2n Req. of Subnet= 23 5= 8 = 8 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
36
VLSM (Continued…)
• Range of NetworksNetwork ID Broadcast ID192.168.1.96
• Customize Subnet Mask =255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111. 11111100
Valid Subnets
252
128 64 32 16
– 192.168.1.99 192.168.1.100 – 192.168.1.103
192.168.1.104 – 192.168.1.107192.168.1.108 – 192.168.1.111192.168.1.112 – 192.168.1.115192.168.1.116 – 192.168.1.119192.168.1.120 – 192.168.1.123192.168.1.124 – 192.168.1.127
448
If you convert 3 more Host Bit to Network Bit8 Subnet & 2 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.255.252
Subnet Range192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.99
192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.103192.168.1.104 to 192.168.1.107192.168.1.108 to 192.168.1.111192.168.1.112 to 192.168.1.115192.168.1.116 to 192.168.1.119192.168.1.120 to 192.168.1.123192.168.1.124 to 192.168.1.127
If you convert 3 more Host Bit to Network Bit8 Subnet & 2 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.255.252
Subnet Range192.168.1.96 to 192.168.1.99
192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.103192.168.1.104 to 192.168.1.107192.168.1.108 to 192.168.1.111192.168.1.112 to 192.168.1.115192.168.1.116 to 192.168.1.119192.168.1.120 to 192.168.1.123192.168.1.124 to 192.168.1.127
37
Assigning of the Ranges
ZOOM Technologies – MCSE– CISCO
– Ccna– Ccnp
– FIREWALL– ISA– Checkpoint– Net SQ– Clavister– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS– Linux– Unix– Solaris
– TRAINING
192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27
192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27
192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27
192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27
192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28
192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28
192.168.1.96 – 1.99/30
192.168.1.100 – 1.103/30
192.168.1.104 – 1.107/30
192.168.1.108 – 1.111/30192.168.1.112 – 1.115/30
38
Calculation of VLSM for Solaris Dept.
• No. of Host= 2h – 2 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 23 – 2= 8 – 2= 6 Hosts/Subnet
Class C : N.N.N.H110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.1.128
• No. of Subnet= 2n Req. of Subnet= 22 3= 4 = 4 Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
39
VLSM (Continued…)
• Range of NetworksNetwork ID Broadcast ID192.168.1.128
• Customize Subnet Mask =255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
255.
11111111. 11111000
Valid Subnets
248
128 64 32 16
– 192.168.1.135 192.168.1.136 – 192.168.1.143
192.168.1.144 – 192.168.1.151192.168.1.152 – 192.168.1.159
88
If you convert 2 more Host Bit to Network Bit4 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.255.248
Subnet Range192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.135192.168.1.136 to 192.168.1.143192.168.1.144 to 192.168.1.151192.168.1.152 to 192.168.1.159
If you convert 2 more Host Bit to Network Bit4 Subnet & 6 Hosts/Subnet
Customize Subnet Mask255.255.255.248
Subnet Range192.168.1.128 to 192.168.1.135192.168.1.136 to 192.168.1.143192.168.1.144 to 192.168.1.151192.168.1.152 to 192.168.1.159
40
Assigning of the Ranges
ZOOM Technologies – MCSE– CISCO
– Ccna– Ccnp
– FIREWALL– ISA– Checkpoint– Net SQ– Clavister– Cisco PIX
– SOLARIS– Linux– Unix– Solaris
– TRAINING
192.168.1.32 – 1.63/27
192.168.1.96 – 1.127/27
192.168.1.128 – 1.159/27
192.168.1.160 – 1.191/27
192.168.1.64 – 1.95/27192.168.1.64 – 1.79/28
192.168.1.80 – 1.95/28
192.168.1.96 – 1.99/30
192.168.1.100 – 1.103/30
192.168.1.104 – 1.107/30
192.168.1.108 – 1.111/30192.168.1.112 – 1.115/30
192.168.1.128 – 1.135/29
192.168.1.136 – 1.143/29
192.168.1.144 – 1.151/29
41
VSNL ROUTER 192.168.1.0/24
1.64/28
1.79/28
1.96/30
1.100/301.104/30
1.108/30
1.112/30
1.32/27
1.64/27
1.96/27
1.128/27
1.160/27
1.128/29
1.136/29
1.144/29
42
• It is reverse (inverse) of Subnetting
• Combining of Multiple Networks to Single
Networks
• Converting Network Bits to Hosts Bits
i.e. Converting 1’s into 0’s
• Generally design for Class C networks
• Easier Summarization
• It is also known as Supernetting
CIDR Classless Inter Domain Routing
43
VSNL ROUTER 192.168.1.0/24
1.64/28
1.79/28
1.96/30
1.100/301.104/30
1.108/30
1.112/30
1.32/27
1.64/27
1.96/27
1.128/27
1.160/27
1.128/29
1.136/29
1.144/29
44
Requirement of Hosts is 1000 ?Example – 1
Class C : N.N.N.H110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.0.0• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 Req. of Host= 210 – 2 1000 (-2 is for Network ID & Broadcast ID)= 1024 – 2 = 1022 Hosts/Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
45
Example – 1 (Continued…)
• Range of NetworksNetwork ID Broadcast ID192.168.0.0
• Customize Subnet Mask =255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.11111100. 0000000012
8 64 32
Valid Subnets
16
192.168.248.0 –192.168.251.255192.168.252.0 – 192.168.255.255
– 192.168.3.255192.168.4.0 – 192.168.7.255192.168.8.0 – 192.168.11.255192.168.12.0 – 192.168.15.255
8 44
0252.
46
Requirement of Hosts is 12000 ?Example – 2
Class C : N.N.N.H110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
Class C : 192.168.0.0• No. of Host
= 2h – 2 Req. of Host= 214 – 2 12000 (-2 is for Network ID &BroadcastID)= 16384 – 2 = 16382 Hosts/Subnet
110xxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx
HELP
47
Example – 2 (Continued…)
• Customize Subnet Mask =255.
11111111.
255.
11111111.
0
11000000. 0000000012
8 6464
• Range of NetworksNetwork ID Broadcast ID192.168.0.0 – 192.168.63.255192.168.64.0 –192.168.127.255192.168.128.0 –192.168.191.255192.168.192.0 –192.168.255.255
192.
48
49
POWER TABLEPOWER TABLE
21 = 2
22 = 4
23 = 8
24 = 16
25 = 32
26 = 64
27 = 128
28 = 256
29 = 512
210 = 1024
211 = 2048
212 = 4096
213 = 8192
214 = 16384
215 = 32768
216 = 65536
217 = 131072
218 = 262144
219 = 524288
220 = 1048576
221 = 2097152
222 = 4194304
223 = 8388608
224 = 16777216
225 = 33554432
226 = 67108864
227 = 134217728
228 = 268435456
229 = 536870912
230 = 1073741824
231 = 2147483648
232 = 4294967296
Power table