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V.S.B ENGINEERING COLLEGE, KARUR

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Academic Year: 2017-2018 (ODD Semester)

2 MARKS AND 16 MARKS QUESTIONS

Class: IV YEAR/VII SEMESTER

Sl.No Subject

Code

Subject Name Page No

1. EE 2353 High Voltage Engineering 2 2. EE 6702 Protection and Switchgear 8 3. EE 6703 Special Electrical machines 14 4. MG 2351 Principles of Management 17 5. EE 6005 Power Quality 20 6. EE 6007 Micro Electro Mechanical Systems 25

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EE2353 HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING

PART-A

UNIT I- OVER VOLTAGES IN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS

1. State the different types of over voltages occurring in power system and mention their

magnitude.

2. Define indirect stroke.

3. What are the techniques to be adopted for controlling the switching over voltages?

4. What is a surge arrester?

5. What are the causes of power frequency over voltages?

6. What are the causes of over voltages in power system?

7. What are the different types of fault that may occur on power lines?

8. Explain why a simple spark gap cannot offer full protection against over voltages.

9. What is insulation co-ordination?

10. Name the sources of switching surges.

11. Define surge impedance of transmission line.

12. Mention the different kinds of over voltages.

13. What is meant by switching surges? Mention the approximate magnitude of switching

surges and their frequency.

14. What are the chief causes of over voltages in electric power system?

15. How are switching over voltages originated in a power system?

16. What are switching over voltages?

17. For ultra high voltages, perhaps, switching surges may be the chief condition for design

considerations. Why?

18. How are lightning strokes on transmission lines classified?

19. What is Back Flashover?

20. Give the mathematical Model for lightning?

UNIT II- ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN IN GASES, SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS

1. Define Gas Law.

2. What is Paschen’s law?

3. Which insulation is used in high voltage circuit breakers of large power rating?

4. What is Time lag in the breakdown of dielectrics?

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5. Define uniform and non uniform field and give examples of each.

6. Define the following as applied to high voltage breakdown.

7. Define the following as applied to disruptive voltage.

8. What is meant by Townsend discharge and explain its main feature?

9. What are the different theories related with liquid dielectric breakdown?

10. Distinguish between insulators and dielectrics and give examples for each.

11. What are Meta stable atoms? How they are ionizing the gaseous dielectric medium?

12. Define formative time lag.

13. What is composite dielectric?

14.What are the physical conditions governing ionization mechanis m in gases dielectrics?

15. What is primary ionization?

16. What is secondary ionization?

17. Demerits of Town-sends theory?

18. Streamer theory is based on what?

19. Distinguish between BD in uniform field and BD in Non uniform field?

20. What are the characteristics of corona discharge?

UNIT III GENERATION OF HIGH VOLTAGES AND HIGH CURRENTS

1. Give some uses of HVDC.

2. What are the applications of impulse current wave forms of high magnitude?

3. How are capacitances connected in an impulse current generator?

4. What type of wave form will be available in impulse current generator output?

5. Draw a circuit diagram of simple voltage doublers.

6. Write the expressions to find the optimum number of stages and % ripple in a voltage

multiplier circuits.

7. Draw a simple Tesla Coil equivalent circuit for generation of high frequency A.C high

voltage.

8. Write an expression to find the % ripple and % voltage regulation in a multi stage

voltage multiplier circuit.

9. Explain the superiority of cascaded transformer over two winding transformer.

10. An impulse generator has 10 stages with capacitors rated 0.15 µF and 150 kV per stage.

The load capacitor is 1000 pf. Find the front and tail resistance to produce an impulse of

1.2 / 50 µs (approximate formula).

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11. Define the specification of impulse voltage as per Indian standard.

12. What is the need for generating impulse currents?

13. What is a tesla coil?

14. What are the factors influencing the measurements using sphere gap?

15. Define the front and tail times of an impulse wave.

16. What is the necessity for generating high voltages?

17. What are the various methods available for generating High DC voltage?

18. State the principle of Van de Graaff generator ?

19. How Impulse voltages are produced in the lab?

20. What is the principle of Marx circuit?

21. How switching Impulse voltage can be produced in the lab?

UNIT IV MEASUREMENT OF HIGH VOLTAGES AND HIGH CURRENTS

1. What are the general methods used for measurement of high frequency and impulse

currents?

2. What is the high voltage d.c measurement techniques used?

3. For what measurement are Hall generators normally used?

4. What type of measuring devices are preferred for measurement of Impulse currents of

short duration?

5. Draw the simple circuit of peak reading voltmeter and its equivalent.

6. List the factors that are influencing the peak voltage measurement using sphere gap.

7. What are the advantages of CVT measurement in HVAC?

8. Why do we resort to statistical approach during breakdown due to impulse voltage?

9. State the demerits of CVT measurement for HVAC measurements.

10. What are high current shunts mention their design criterion?

11. Why are capacitive voltage dividers preferred for AC high voltage measurements?

12. Calculate the correction factors for atmospheric conditions, if the laboratory temperatures

is 37°C, the atmospheric pressure is 750 mm Hg and the wet bulb temperature is 27°C.

13. Explain the merits and demerits of analog and digital techniques used for high voltage

measurements.

14. What are the general methods used for measurement high frequency and impulse

currents?

15. What is the Specialty of high voltage / current measurement?

16. Different devices used for High DC voltages?

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17. What are the various methods used for measurement of power frequency AC voltages?

18. What is the method available for measurement & High frequency AC voltages or Impulse

voltages or other rapidly rising voltages?

19. What are the various methods available for measurement of High Impulse currents or

High frequency ac or fast rising ac?

20. What are the limitations of resistance potential dividers?

UNIT V HIGH VOLTAGE TESTING AND INSULATING COORDINATION

1. What are tests conducted on insulators?

2. What are test conducted on Bushings?

3. Define withstand voltage.

4. Define impulse voltage.

5. Differentiate type test and routine test.

6. Define Disruptive discharge voltage.

7. What are the atmosphere correction factor and mention their influence in high voltage

testing.

8. Explain the role of Bureau of Indian standards in high voltage testing.

9. Define insulation co- ordination.

10. What is the significance of impulse tests?

11. Name the different types of tests conducted on high voltage apparatus.

12. Explain the reasons for conducting wet tests on high voltage apparatus and give the

specifications of the water used for wet tests.

13. Define creepage distance.

14. Give the Indian standard reference atmospheric conditions for high voltage testing.

15. Define safety margin as applied to be insulation co-ordination.

16. What is the specialty of HV Testing?

17. Name how standards for HV Testing

18. Define Creepage Distance.

19. Define AC Test Voltage

20. Impulse voltage.

PART-B

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UNIT - I

1. Draw the cross sectional view of non linear resistor lightning arrester (valve type) and explain

its operation in detail and its V-I characteristics.

2. Discuss mechanism of lightning stroke and over voltages on transmission lines and give its

mathematical model.

3. Write short notes on:

(i) Rod gaps used as protective devices

(ii) Ground wires for protection of overhead lines.

4. Explain different theories of charge formation in clouds.

5. Explain different methods employed for lightning protection of overhead lines.

6. (i) Draw & Explain the procedure to draw Bewley Lattice Diagram for a two substations

system .

(ii) Explain briefly about expulsion type arrester.

UNIT – II

1. Deduce the Townsend’s break down criteria. Also define the Townsend’s Primary and

secondary ionization coefficients.

2. (i) Explain clearly breakdown in non-uniform fields & corona discharges.

(ii) Explain breakdown in uniform field (streamer mechanism).

3. Explain the various theories of breakdown mechanism of vacuum.

4. State the criteria for sparking potential and hence obtain the relation between sparking

potential and (PD) values (Paschens law). Discuss nature of variation of sparking potential with

PD values.

5. Explain the various theories of breakdown mechanism of commercial liquid dielectrics.

6. Explain the various breakdown mechanism involving in solid dielectric breakdown

UNIT – III

1. What is the principle behind the electrostatic method of energy conversion? Explain the

construction and operation of vandegraff generator with neat sketch.

2. Starting from basic marx circuit develop the circuit of modern multistage impulse generator

and explain its operation. Discuss significance of various parameters.

3. Explain the operation of simple voltage doubler circuit & Cockcroft -Walton voltage

multiplier circuit with expression.

4. Explain in detail about cascade transformer connections and resonant transformer to generate

high alternating voltage.

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5 .Explain in detail how the impulses current is generated using capacitor bank & also explain

tripping & control of impulse generators with Trigatron gap Arrangement.

6. A ten stage Cockraft-Walton circuit has all capacitors of 0.04 µF. The secondary voltage of

the supply transformer is 120 kV at a frequency of 150 Hz. If the load current is 1.2 mA,

determine (1) voltage regulation (2) the ripple (3) the optimum number of stages for maximum

output voltage (4) the maximum output voltage.

7. A 12 stage impulse generator has 0.126microF capacitors .The wave front & wave tail

resistances are 800 ohms and 5000 ohms respectively. For a load capacitor of 1000pF, obtain the

front and tail times of the impulse wave produced.

8. A 8 stage impulse generator has 0.12microF capacitors rated for 167 KV. What is the

maximum discharge energy? If it has to produce 1/50 micro second waveform across a load

capacitor of 1500 Pico Farad, find the value of front and tail timings.

UNIT – IV

1. Explain measurements of very high voltages using sphere gaps. Mention merits and de merits

of using sphere gaps& also explain digital peak voltmeter & rod gaps.

2. With a neat sketch explain the principle of operation of an electrostatic voltmeter for HVAC

measurement. What are the merits and demerits?

3. Explain generating voltmeter for measuring high DC voltage.

4. What is CVT? Explain through phasor diagram how a tuned CVT can be used for HVAC

measurement in substations. & also expain series capacitor peak voltmeter.

5. Explain the methods of measurement of high frequency current.

6. Explain the methods of measurement of high impulse current.

UNIT – V

1. With a neat sketch explain the impulse testing on the power transformer.

2. Discuss the various test carried out in a circuit breaker at HV labs.

3. What are the different power frequency tests done on bushings? Mention the procedure for

testing.

4. Briefly discuss the various tests carried out the insulator.

5. What is meant by insulation coordination? How are the protective devices chosen for optimal

insulation level in a power system?

6. Explain the terms:

(i) With stand voltage

(ii) Flash over voltage

(iii) 50% flash over voltage

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(iv) Wet and dry power frequency tests as referred to HV testing.

7. Explain the following terms used in HV testing as per the standards:

(i) Disruptive discharge voltage

(ii) Creepage distance

(iii) Impulse voltage

(iv) 100% flash over voltage.

8. (i) What are the tests conducted on circuit breakers and isolator switches?

(ii) What are different tests conducted on cables? Explain any one of them.

EE 6702 -PROTECTION AND SWITCHGEAR

PART-A

UNIT I

1. What are the functions of protective relays? 2. What is back up protection?

3. How does the over voltage surge affect the power system? 4. What are symmetrical components?

5. Define negative sequence component. 6. Give the consequences of short circuit. 7. What is the need of relay coordination?

8. State the various types of earthing. 9. State the three sequence components.

10. State the different types of faults. 11. Define protected zone. 12. What are the various faults that would affect an alternator?

13. What are arcing grounds? 14. Define positive sequence component. and zero sequence component

15. State the various types of unsymmetrical faults.

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16. What are unit system and non unit system? 17. Define single line diagram.

18. What is arc suppression coil? 19. State the significance of double line fault.

20. Mention the withstanding current in our human body. 21. What is primary protection? 22. What are the different types of earthing ?

23. Differentiate between a fuse and a circuit breaker. 24. Define per unit value.

25. What is surge absorber? How do they differ from surge diverter? (nov/dec 2011) 26. Define the term “insulation coordination” (nov/dec 2011)

UNIT II

1. Name the different kinds of over current relays. 2. Define energizing quantity. 3. Define operating time of a relay.

4. Define resetting time of a relay. 5. What are over and under current relays?

6. Mention any two applications of differential relay. 7. What is biased differential beam relay? 8. What is the need of relay coordination?

9. Give the limitations of Merz Price protection. 10. What is an under frequency relay?

11. Define the term pilot with reference to power line protection. 12. Mention any two disadvantage of carrier current scheme for transmission line only. 13. What are the features of directional relay?

14. What are the main types of stator winding faults? 15. What is static relay?

16. What is a programmable relay? 17. What is CPMC? 18. What are the advantages of static relay over electromagnetic relay? (nov/dec 2011)

19. What is pick up value? 20. Define reach.

21. Define blocking. 22. What are the different types of over current relays 23. What is earth fault protection?

24. A relay is connected to 400/5 ratio current transformer with current setting of 150%.

UNIT III

1. What are the various faults to which a turbo alternator is likely to be subjected?

2. What are the causes of over speed and how alternators are protected from it? 3. What are the main types of stator winding faults?

4. What are the uses of Buchholz’s relay? 5. What are the types of graded used in line of radial relay feeder? 6. What are the various faults that would affect an alternator?

Why neutral resistor is added between neutral and earth of an alternator? 7. What is the backup protection available for an alternator?

8. What are faults associated with a transformer?

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9. What are the main safety devices available with transformer? 10. What are the limitations of Buchholz relay?

11. What are the problems arising in differential protection in power transformer and how are they overcome?

12. What is REF relay? 13. What is over fluxing protection in transformer? 14. Why bus-bar protection is needed?

15. What are the merits of carrier current protection? 16. What are the errors in CT?

17. What is field suppression? 18. What are the causes of bus zone faults? 19. What are the problems in bus zone differential protection?

20. How does the over voltage surge affect the power system? 21. Mention any 2 applications of differential relays.

22. What is the general connection rule for Current transformers in differential protection? 23. Write the coordination equation for inverse over-current relay? 24. What are the disadvantages of time graded protection?

UNIT IV

1. What is resistance switching? 2. What do you mean by current chopping?

3. What are the methods of capacitive switching? What is an arc?

4. Give the two methods of arc interruption? 5. What is restriking voltage? (nov/dec 2011) 6. What is meant by recovery voltage? (nov/dec 2011)

7. What is RRRV? 8. What is circuit breaker?

9.What is the main problem of the circuit breaker? 10.Mention the details circuit breaker rating 11.What are the factors the ARC phenomenon depends upon?

12.What are the factors the arc resistance depends upon? 13.What is breaking current?

14.What is symmetrical breaking current? 15.What is asymmetrical breaking current? 16.What are breaking capacities?

17.What are the factors the recovery voltage depends upon? (nov/dec 2011) 18.What is rated making current?

19.What is the basic requirement of DC circuit breaking? 20.What are the problems associated with DC circuit breakers? 21.What is the purpose of protective spark gap?

22.What is the purpose of arc chute? 23. What are the factors RRRV depends upon?

24. Differentiate between the static and dynamic characteristics of the arc?

UNIT V

1. What is dielectric test of a circuit breaker?

2. How direct tests are conducted in circuit breakers?

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3. Define composite testing of a circuit breaker. 4. State the disadvantages of field tests.

5. Mention the advantages of field tests. 6. Mention the various tests carried out in a circuit breaker at HV labs.

7. What are the advantages of synthetic testing methods? 8. What are the indirect methods of circuit breaker testing? 9. Write the classifications of test conducted on circuit breakers.

10. What are the characteristic of SF6 gas? 11. Give the advantage of SF6 circuit breaker over air blast circuit breaker (nov/dec 2011)

12. What is meant by electro negativity of SF6 gas? 13. What are the demerits of using oil as an arc quenching medium? 14. What are the advantages of air blast circuit breaker over oil circuit breaker?

15. What are the types of air blast circuit breaker? 16. What are the disadvantages of MOCB over a bulk oil circuit breaker?

17. What are the advantages of MOCB over a bulk oil circuit breaker? 18. What are the hazards imposed by oil when it is used as an arc quenching medium? 19. What are the advantages of oil as arc quenching medium?

20. What are demerits of MOCB? 21. Write the classification of circuit breakers based on the medium used for arc extinction?

22.What are different types of arc control pots? 23.What are the advantages of using vacuum as an arc interrupting medium? 24.What are the ways in which electrons can be emitted in vacuum?

25.Write any two properties of contact material used in vacuum circuit breaker? 26.What are the basic requirements of circuit breaker?

PART-B

UNIT I

1. Describe in detail the principles of protective system.

2. Explain details about basic requirements of protective relays.

3. What are the functions of protective relays? Narrate about Nature and Causes of faults.

4. What are the types of faults? Explain in detail about symmetrical and unsymmetrical

faults.

5. Clearly describe about fault current calculation using symmetrical components.

6. Explain different zones of protection.

7. What is the concept of back up relays? Explain the methods of back up protection.

8. Define and write the need for power system earthing?

9. What are the drawbacks of ungrounded system? Mention the advantages of neutral

grounding.

10. Briefly explain about

(1).Resistance earthing.

(2).Resonant grounding.

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(3).Reactance earthing

UNIT II

1. What are the different types of electromagnetic relays? Discuss their field of applications. (16)

2. What are the various types of over current relays? Discuss their area of application. (16)

3. Describe the operating principle, constructional features and area of applications of reverse

power or directional relay. (16)

4. Describe the construction and principle of operation of an induction type directional over

current relay. (16)

5. Explain the working principle of distance relays. (16)

6. Write a detailed note on differential relays. (16)

7. Describe the realization of a directional over current relay using a microprocessor. (16)

8. Derive a generalized mathematical model of di

stance relays for digital protection. (16)

9. (a) How can digital distance relaying algorithm be implemented on the 8086 Micro

processor?(8)

(b) It is possible to implement these algorithms on the 8085micro processor? (8)

10. Explain with sketches andtheir R-X diagrams for the following distance relays.

(i) Impedance relay (5)

(ii) Mho relay (5)

(iii) Reactance relay (6)

11. (a) Explain the applications of microprocessors in power system protection. (8)

(b) Explain microprocessor based inverse time over current relay. (8)

UNIT III

APPARATUS PROTECTION

1. Enumerate the relaying schemes which are employed for the protection of a modern alternator.

(16)

2. (a) What is transverse or split phase protection of an alternator? (4)

(b) What type of fault is this scheme of protection employed? (4)

(c) With a neat sketch discuss the working principle of this scheme. (8)

3. What type of a protective device is used for the protection of an alternator against

overheating of its (i) stator (ii) rotor? Discuss them in brief. (8+8)

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4. What type of a protective scheme is employed for the protection of the field winding of the

alternator against ground faults? (16)

5. Discuss the protection employed against loss of excitation of an alternator. (16)

6. (a) What do you understand by field suppression of an alternator? (8)

(b) How is it achieved? (8)

7. Briefly discuss the protection of an alternator against.

(i) Vibration of distortion of motor (4)

(ii) Bearing overheating (4)

(iii) Auxiliary failure (4)

(iv) Voltage regulator failure (4)

8. What type of pilot protection is used for EHV and UHV transmission lines. (16)

9. (a) What is carrier protection? (4)

(b) For what voltage range is it used for the protection of transmission line? (4)

(c) What are its merits and demerits? (8)

10. (a) What is carrier aided distance protection. (4)

(b) What are its different types? (4)

(c) Discuss the permissive under each transfer tripping scheme of protection. (8)

11. (a) Draw and explain the merz price protection of alternator stator winding. (10)

UNIT IV

STATIC RELAYS AND NUMERICAL PROTECTION

1. Describe with a neat block diagram and explain of STATIC relays

2. Explain the following terms in detail:

(i) Merits and Demerits of static Relay.

(ii) Phase Comparator.

3. Explain the following terms in detail:

Amplitude comparator

Synthesis of various relays using Static comparators

4. Describe with a neat diagram of transformer differential protection for the numerical relay

5. Describe with a neat diagram of Over Current protection for the numerical relay

6. Describe with a neat diagram of Distance protection for the numerical relay

7. Describe with a neat diagram of Distance transmission LINES protection for the

numerical relay

8. Explain the characteristics of numerical relay?

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9. With block diagram explain the functionality of digital relays with its merits.

10. Explain about fault diagnosis algorithm development stages.

UNIT V

THEORY OF CIRCUIT INTERRUPTION & CIIRCUIT BREAKERS

1. (a) What is resistance switching? (4)

(b) Derive the expression for critical resistance. (12)

2. (a) Explain the phenomenon of current chopping in a circuit breaker. (12)

(b) What measures are taken to reduce it? (4)

3. Discuss the problem associated with the interruption of

(i) Low inductive current (5)

(ii) Capacitive current and (5)

(iii) Fault current if the fault is very near the substation. (6)

4. Explain in detail about RRRV. (16)

5. Discuss the recovery rate theory and energy balance theory of arc interruption in a circuit

breaker. (16)

6. Explain terms:

i) Re striking voltage (3)

ii) Recovery voltage (3)

iii) RRRV (3)

iv) Derive expressions for re striking voltage and RRRV. (3)

v) What measures are taken to reduce them? (4)

7. With neat sketch, describe the working principle of an axial air blast type circuit breaker. (16)

8. (a) Discuss the operating principle of SF6 circuit breaker. (10)

(b) What are its advantages over other types of circuit breakers? (3)

(c) For what voltage range is it recommended? (3)

9. Describe construction, operating principle and application of vaccum circuit breaker. For what

voltage range is it recommended? (16)

10. (a) What are the various types of operating mechanisms which are used for opening and

closing of the contacts of a circuit breaker? (10)

(b)Discuss their merits and demerits. (6)

11. (a) Enumerate various types of ratings of a circuit breaker. (4)

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EE6703 SPECIAL ELECTRICAL MACHINES

PART-A

UNIT I PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS

1. List the features of permanent magnet synchronous motor.

2. What are the advantages of load commutation? 3. Mention the applications of PMSM. 4. Write the expression for power input and torque of a PMSM.

5. What features are of closed –loop speed control of load commutated inverter fed synchronous motor drive?

6. Give the merits and demerits of PMSM. 7. Write the emf equation of PMSM. 8. List the assumptions made in derivation of emf equation for PMSM.

9. Define the term “pulsed mode”. 10. What is load commutation?

11. Write the expressions for the self and synchronous reactance of permanent magnet synchronous motor.

12. What is meant by self control?

13. How are PMBLDC motor and PMSM different? 14. Draw the phasor diagram of a PM synchronous motor.

15. Name the two classifications of PM synchronous machines. 16. What is meant by slotless motor? 17. State the advantages of PMSM.

18. Name the different types of rotors available in PMSM motor. 19. Draw the torque speed characteristics of PMSM.

20. Write down the torque and emf equation of PM synchronous motor

UNIT II PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR

1. List the types of permanent magnet materials used in PMDC motor. 2. What are the differences between mechanical and electronic commutator? 3. Draw the magnetic circuit of 2 pole permanent magnet brushless dc motor.

4. Write the torque and emf equation of square wave brushless motor. 5. Why the PMBLDC motor is called electronically commutated motor?

6. Write the classifications of PMBL dc motor. 7. Name the types of PMBL SQW DC motor. 8. Mention the position sensors that are used for PMBLDC motor.

9. What are the materials used for making Hall IC pallet? 10. What are relative merits of the brushless dc motor drives?

11. Draw the circuit diagram of electronic commutator. 12. Compare PMBLDC motor and switched reluctance motor. 13. What is hall sensor?

14. What is optical sensor?

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15. Name the types of permanent magnet DC motor. 16. What is permanent magnet DC commutator motor?

17. List the advantages of brushless motors compared with the conventional motors. 18. Draw the torque –speed characteristics of PMBLDC.

19. Draw the torque –speed characteristics of ideal brushless DC motor.

UNIT III SYNCHRONOUS RELUCTANCE MOTOR

1. What is a synchronous reluctance motor?

2. Name the types of rotor in synchronous reluctance motor. 3. List the applications of synchronous reluctance motor. 4. Write the advantages of increasing Ld/Lq ratio in synchronous reluctance motor.

5. Compare synchronous reluctance motor and induction motor. 6.Write the torque equation of synchronous reluctance motor.

7. Draw the speed –torque characteristics of synchronous reluctance motor. 8. Draw the steady-state phasor diagram of synchronous reluctance motor. 9. What is vernier motor?

10. List the application of vernier motor. 11. Mention some advantages and disadvantages of synchronous reluctance motor.

12. Write any two properties of synchronous reluctance motor. 13. Define the term reluctance torque in synchronous reluctance motor. 14. Give the expression for the torque of permanent magnet synchronous reluctance

motor. 15. Differentiate between the axial and radial air gap motors

16. What is the basic principle of synchronous reluctance motor? 17. Write the expression for Xd and Xq in synchronous reluctance motor. 18. Define the term synchronous reactance.

19. Draw the steady state phasor diagram of synchronous motor

UNIT IV

SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTORS

1. Name the types of power controllers used for switched reluctance motor. 2.Why rotor positions sensor is essential for the operation of switched reluctance motor?

3. List the disadvantages of a switched reluctance motor. 4. What are the advantages of switched reluctance motor? 5. Draw the general torque-speed characteristics of switched reluctance motor.

6. Mention the applications of SRM. 7.What is Switched Reluctance Motor?

8. Classify the two types of current control techniques. 9. Define the term energy ratio. 10. Draw the simple block diagram of SRM.

11. Draw the circuit of PWM type current control. 12. State the essential difference between SRM and stepper Motor.

13. What is hysteresis current control? 14. Define Chopping and single pulse mode of operation of SRM. 15. Write the significance of closed loop control in SR motor.

16. When do you go for chopping mode of control in switched reluctance motor? 17. What is the working principle of switched reluctance motor?

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Unit V

STEPPING MOTORS

1. What is stepper motor?

2.Define the term step angle. 3. State the definition of slewing. 4.Define the term resolution.

5. List some applications of stepper motor. 6.Mention the advantages and disadvantages of stepper motor.

7.Classify the different types of stepping motors. 8.Name the different modes of excitation in a stepper motor. 9. What is meant by full-step operation?

10. What is meant by half-step operation? 11. Define the term micro stepping in stepper motor.

12.List the advantages and disadvantages of VR stepper motor. 13.What is hybrid stepper motor? 14.Mention the advantages and disadvantages of hybrid stepper motor.

15.Define the term holding torque. 16.What is meant by détente torque?

17.Draw the typical dynamic characteristics of a stepper motor. 18.Define pull- in torque. 19.State the definition for pull-out torque.What is meant by stepping error?

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MG 2351 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

UNIT I OVERVIEW OF MANAGEMENT

1) What is Management? 2) Define: Management.

3) Write some characteristics of Management? 4) Write any two points favor for management as a science 5) What is time study?

6) What is motion study? 7) What is authority?

8) What is responsibility? 9) Comment: Management is both –A science and an art

10) What is centralization?

11) What is decentralization?

12) What is Esprit-de-corps?

13) Write some important functions of top level management?

14) Write some important functions of top level management? 15) Write the functions of management?

16) Define sole trade? 17) What is partnership? 18) What is Joint Stock Company?

19) What is private limited company?

20) White is a co-operative society?

21) What is a social responsibility?

UNIT II PLANNING

22) Define planning.

23) What is the main objective of planning? 24) Define “Mission”

25) Define “objectives” 26) What is mean by strategy

27) What are the factors to be considered while formulating strategies ? 28) Define “policies”

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29) What is procedure? 30) What is programme ?

31) Define budgets. 32) What is objective?

33) What is MBO? 34) What is meant by “strategy”? 35) What are the major kinds of strategies and policies?

36) Write down any four factors which lead to fail of strategic planning.

37) What is planning premises?

38) What are the practices made in making effective premising? 39) Explain the term decision and decision making? 40) How would you evaluate the importance of a decision?

41) Mention the three approaches generally adapted by managers in selections an alternative?

UNIT III ORGANIZING

42) Define Organizing

43) What do you understand by effective organizing? 44) How informal organization characteristics differ from formal organization?

45) What is span control? 46) What is matrix structure? 47) How can we define power?

48) What is line authority? 49) What is staff authority?

50) Define staffing. 51) Define Human resource planning. 52) What is job analysis?

53) What is job design? 54) Define: Recruitment 55) What is selection?

56) What is grading method? 57) What is mean by resources allocation?

58) Define the Peter Principle. 59) Define: Training

60) Define; Organizational conflict.

61) What is managerial grid? 62) What is meant by the term directing?

63) List down the human factors in managing?

UNIT IV

DIRECTING

64) Define creativity. 65) What is a SCAMPER tool?

66) What is meant by reframing matrix? 67) State the function of mind mapping tool? 68) Mention the use of DO IT process for creativity?

20

69) Differentiate innovation and invention. 70) How can be harmonizing objectives achieved?

71) Define “multiplicity of roles”. 72) What is meant by Brain storming?

73) Define motivation 74) Names the steps involved in motivation process. 75) What are the types of motivation?

UNIT V

CONTROLLING

83) Define control? 84) Why need of control in the organization?

85) Why need of control in the organization? 86) What are the Inter –relationship between planning and end with control? 87) What is Feedback Control?

88) What is management by exception? 89) What is concurrent control?

90) What is feed forward control?

91) What is direct labour Budget? 92) What is fixed Budget?

93) What is flexible budget?

96) Define: OR 97) What is JIT?

98) What is value engineering? 99) What is preventive control?

100) define: Multinational Corporation? 101) What is ethnocentric attitude? 102) What is polycentric attitude?

103) What is geocentric attitude?

UNIT I

OVERVIEW OF MANAGEMENT

1) Explain the principle of F.W.Taylor theory.

2) Explain the Henry Fayol management theory.

3) What are the major functions of management explain.

4) Explain management is an art or science both science and art.

5) Explain the types of business organization.

UNIT II

PLANNING

1) Describe the various elements in planning?

2) What are different types of plans?

3) Give an account of various steps involved in planning?

4) Describe the different objectives of planning?

21

5) Explain briefly the benefits and weakness of MBO?

UNIT III ORGANIZING

1) Describe the steps in rational decision making?

2) Explain how formal organization is different from informal organization

3) Discuss about the factors determining an effective span of management

4) Write short note on types of departmentation and matrix organization

5) Explain the concept of functional authority. How do you delegate?

6) Explain the concept of decentralization?

UNIT IV

DIRECTING

1) Explain the concept of motivation.

2) Write short note on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

3) Explain different styles of leadership based on authority

4) Explain the qualities required for effective leadership

5) What are the barriers of effective communication? Explain them

6) Discuss the importance of communication in a modern industrial organization

UNIT V

CONTROLLING

23) Explain the steps in the process of controlling.

24) Explain the role of MIS play at various levels of management

25) What are the effective steps for direct control and preventive control?

26) What are the factors effect the operations of the multi national enterprises

27) Explain a unified global theory of management.

EE 2028 POWER QUALITY

UNIT – 1: INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY

1. Define power quality.

2. What are the commonly used terms that describe the parameters of electrical power that

describe or measure power quality.

3. What is the most common power quality problem.

4. What is the second most common power quality problem.

5. What type of equipment is affected by power quality issues.

6. What are the types of power quality solutions available on the market today.

22

7. How can power quality problems be detected.

8. What are harmonics.

9. How do harmonics affect the electrical system.

10. How do harmonics affect the load.

11. How do you measure power quality?

12. Why is power conditioning needed?

13. What types of equipment are affected by power line noise?

14. Why are these transients or noise on the power line causing problems now?

15. What represent quality of power?

16. What are the power quality issues?

17. Classify power quality events in short duration events.

18. Mention the types of sag.

19. Mention the types of swell .

20. List the types of interruption.

UNIT – 2: VOLTAGE SAGS AND INTERRUPTIONS

1. What is voltage sag?

2. When sag leads to interruption.

3. What are the causes of sag?

4. What are the three levels of possible solutions to voltage sag and momentary interruption

problems?

5. List some industry standards associated with voltage sags.

6. What are the sources of sags and interruption?

7. Give some economic impacts due to sag.

8. What is the importance of estimating sag performance?

9. What are the various factors affecting the sag magnitude due to faults at a certain point in

the system.

10. Name the different motor starting methods.

11. What are the causes for voltage sags due to transformer energizing?

12. How voltage sag can be mitigated.

13. Name the three levels of possible solutions to voltage sag and momentary interruption

problems.

14. Name any four types of sag mitigation devices.

15. Define Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR).

16. What is the important role of a DVR?

17. Define active series compensation devices.

18. What is the need of DSTATCOM?

19. What is the main function of DSTATCOM?

20. What is the role of SSTS?

UNIT – 3: OVERVOLTAGES

1. Define transient over voltages.

23

2. What are the' types of transient overvoltages?

3. Define impulsive transients. Give example for impulsive transient over voltages .

4. Give examples for oscillatory transient over voltages.

5. What is the effect of capacitor switching transients on network?

6. What are the causes of voltage magnification on network?

7. Define voltage magnification phenomena?

8. Mention the two important concerns for capacitor bank switching transients.

9. Give the various aspects of equipment specific design and protection issues for the

capacitor switching transients.

10. What specify the IEEE standard for shunt power capacitors causing transient

overvoltages?

11. What are the various Causes of overvoltages?

12. Give tile basic principles of overvoltage protection of load equipments.

13. What is the need of surge arrestors?

14. Differentiate between transient voltage surge suppressors (TVSS) and surge arrestors.

15. Mention the types of surge arrestors

16. What is metal-oxide surge-arrester?

17. Give any two advantages of metal-oxide arresters over conventional silicon carbide

distribution class arresters.

18. What is the need of Transmission Line Arresters? '.

19. Mention the Benefits of Transmission Line Surge Arresters

20. What is the role of surge arrestor on shielded and unshielded transmission line?

21. What is the need of low pass filter in transient protection?

22. What is tire need of Shunt protectors or surge reduction filters?

23. What is the application of Power Conditioners in transient protection?

24. Differentiate between TVSS, Filter and Data/signal protection devices.

25. Define lightning phenomena.

26. How Overvoltages are induced due to lightning?

27. What are the various causes due to lightning overvoltages?

28. What is the range of current induced due to lightning stroke?

29. What is ferroresonance?

30. Define ferroresonance phenomena.

31. What are the problems associated with ferroresonance?

32. What are the various capacitance produced by power system elements?

33. List some common circumstances leading to ferroresonance problems.

34. Mention the common methods used for utility for protecting distribution transformer.

35. Which are the most widely used protection devices in protection of transformer? Also

list the types mostly used.

36. Give the cable life equation as a function of impulses.

37. List the important types of arrestor used in protection of cable.

38. What is the need of Computer analysis tools for transient studies?

39. List the advantages of computer analysis tools for transient studies.

24

40. What is the need of PSCAD/EMTDC?

41. Give any two analysis examples available in PSCAD/EMTDC?

Transient Studies

42. How to model a surge arrestor in PSCAD?

UNIT – 4 HARMONICS

1. What are the important concepts to bear in mind to understand power system harmonics?

2. Draw the relationship between between P, Q, S in sinusoidal condition.

3. Define true power factor.

4. What is the reason for existence of harmonic distortion?

5. Differentiate between linear loads and non- linear loads. 6. What is voltage and current distortion?

7. Mention the commonly used indices used for measuring harmonic component of waveform.

8. Mention at least two causes of harmonics made on distribution systems.

9. What is harmonic index? State its significant.

10. Mention the problems created by harmonics.

11. Mention the harmonic effects on devices and loads Insulation stress (voltage effect)

12. What is the effect on transformer due to Harmonics?

13. Mention he harmonic sources from commercial loads.

14. Mention the harmonic sources from industrial loads .

15. What is the advantage of three phase converter?

16. What is the disadvantage of 12 pulse drive?

17. State the different types of inverters.

18. What is Variable Voltage Inverter?

19. What is current Source inverter?

20. What is the need of locating harmonic sources?

UNIT – 5 POWER QUALITY MONITORING

1. What is the importance of power quality monitoring? 2. What are the monitoring objectives? 3. What are the purposes of power quality monitoring system?

4. What is proactive monitoring? 5. What are the steps involved in power quality monitoring?

6. What are the requirements of monitoring for a voltage regulation and unbalance? 7. What are the requirements of monitoring for a harmonic distortion? 8. What are the Characteristics of power quality monitoring equipment?

25

9. What are the Characteristics of power line monitors? 10. What is the Types of power quality measurement equipment?

11. Mention the factors that should be considered for selecting the instrument. 12. What is the use of oscilloscope?

13.What is the use of spectrum analyzer? 14. What is the use of simple single phase hand-held power quality monitor? 15. Mention the Instruments used for the analysis of non-sinusoidal voltage and currents?

16. Mention the basic categories of instruments for harmonic analysis? 17. What is Spectrum analyzer?

18. What is the operation of spectrum analyzer? 19. What is Swept heterodyne technique? 20. What is FFT (or) digital technique used for harmonic analysis?

21. What are the advantages of FFT? 22. What are the disadvantages of FFT?

23. What is the use of digital storage? 24. What is tracking generator? 25. What is harmonic analyzer?

I6 MARKQUES TIONS

UNITI

1. What are the major power quality issues and explain them.

2. Explain power quality and explain the reasons for increased concern in power quality.

3. Explain the various types of power quality disturbances.

4. Explain the impacts of power quality.

5. Discuss in detail about sags and swells.

6. Discuss in detail about transients.

7. Define waveform distortion and explain the waveform distortion categories.

8. Explain total harmonic distortion and total demand distortion.

9. Discuss about the CBEMA curves and explain the events described in the curve.

10. With a waveform sketch , explain the terms.

Voltage sag

Voltage interruption

Voltage swells

Sag with harmonics.

UNIT II

1. Discuss the sources of sags and interruption.

2. Discuss in detail about the sag performance evaluation indices.

3. Explain the sag performance evaluation methods.

4. Explain the various causes and effects of voltage sags.

5. What are the different voltage sag mitigation techniques? Explain in detail.

6. Explain the principle of DVR operation used for sag mitigation.

7. Discuss in detail about the active series compensator.

8. Explain the solid state transfer switch with the transfer operation.

9. Explain the system adapted to estimate the severity of the sag occurred due to various

sources.

26

10. Mention the standards associated with the voltage sag.

UNIT III

1. What are transient over voltages? Explain the different types of transient over voltages.

2.. What are the different sources of transient over voltages? Discuss the Capacitor switching

transient.

3. What are the important concerns for capacitor bank switching?

4.What are the advantages of surge arrestors? Discuss about the application module.

5. Define lightning? Discuss in detail about the over voltages due to lightning and the

problems

associated with it.

6. Explain in detail the mechanism of lightning.

7. Draw the standardized waveform of the lightning induced voltage. Discuss about

the wave shape of the lightning current.

8.Explain the phenomena of ferroresonance.

9.Explain the problems associated with ferroresonance.

10. What is the need for protection against overvoltages? What are the basic

principles of overvoltages protection of load equipments?

11.Explain in detail about various methods to mitigate voltage swells

12. Explain in detail about the surge arrestors and surge suppressors.

UNIT IV

1. Explain briefly about fundamentals of harmonics generation and wave form distortion.

2. Explain in detail about classification of linear loads and non linear loads used in harmonic

studies.

3. Explain the concept of harmonic phenomena under the presence of harmonic producing

loads.

4. Explain for the following terms (i) Harmonic distortion (ii) Current distortion (iii) Voltage

distortion

5. What are the two important harmonic indices used in power system? Explain about it

briefly.

6. Give the power definitions under non sinusoidal conditions. Explain briefly about it.

7. Differentiate between true power factor and displacement power factor under harmonic

studies. 8. Explain briefly about various harmonic characterization on power systems.

9. Explain briefly about the phenomena of how current distortion affects the voltage

distortion under the presence of harmonics.

10. What are the general causes of harmonics in power system?

27

11. What are the various causes of harmonics in distribution power system?

12. What are the effect of facility and site under the presence of harmonics?

13. List the various effects of equipments due to harmonics. Explain briefly.

14. Explain the harmonic effects on power system equipments briefly.

15. What are the various classifications of harmonic sources and explain briefly about it?

UNIT V

1. Bring out the significance of power quality monitoring. What are the important power quality

monitoring objectives?

2. Bring out the applications of expert system for power quality monitoring.

3. Discuss in detail about the selection of power quality monitoring s ites.

4. Explain the steps involved in power quality monitoring. What are the information from

monitoring site surveys?

5. Bring out the important characteristics of power quality variation~.

6. Write short notes on power quality measurement system. What are the characteristic of power

quality measurement equipment's?

7. Write notes on power line disturbance analyzer.

8. What are the various instruments used for power quality measurements? What are the factors to

be

considered when selecting the instruments?

9. Discuss in detail about the instruments used for analyzing non sinusoidal voltage and currents.

10. Explain Harmonic/Spectrum analyzer.

11. Define voltage flicker. Discuss some of the flicker sources. Write notes on common methods

for mitigation of flicker.

EE6007-MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

TWO MARK QUESTION BANK

1. Differentiate CVD and PVD. (BTL-2)

2. Distinguish between Microelectronics and Microsystem. (BTL-2)

3. Label the components of a Microsystem. (BTL-1)

4. Define Torsion and Torsional rigidity. (BTL-1)

5. Give any five applications of Microsystems. (BTL-2)

6. Illustrate the functional relationship between the actuating element and the

transduction unit in a Micro sensor. (BTL-3)

7. Define shear stress and shear strain. (BTL-1)

28

8. Define Hook’s law and explain elastic limit. (BTL-1)

9. Evaluate the options for integrating micromechanical and circuit elements. (BTL-5)

10. Explain the process of CVD. (BTL-4)

11. With neat labeled figures, demonstrate the steps involved in photolithography. (BTL-3)

12. Compare between silicon and GaAs as materials for MEMS device fabrication. (BTL-4)

13. Describe the method of Micro actuators. (BTL-1)

14. Define MEMS. (BTL-1)

15. Distinguish between bulk micromachining and surface micromachining. (BTL-2)

16. Illustrate the types of beams. (BTL-3)

17. Summarize the boundary conditions for various types of beams. (BTL-5)

18. Analyze bending moment. (BTL-3)

19. Formulate the concept behind quality factor (Q). (BTL-6) 20. Prepare a list of material having zero stress. (BTL-6)

UNIT 2

PART A

1. Give the principle of operation of electrostatic sensors and actuators. (BTL-2)

2. Name the materials used in fabrication of parallel plate capacitors. (BTL-1)

3. Define pull- in voltage. (BTL-1)

4. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of electrostatic sensing and actuation.

(BTL-5)

5. Give the principle of tactile sensor with an example. (BTL-2)

6. Name any three thermal sensors. (BTL-1)

7. Discuss on the concept of seebeck coefficient.(BTL-2)

8. Compare and contrast the characteristics of electrostatic and thermal bimetallic

actuation.

(BTL-4)

9. Distinguish between volumetric thermal and linear expansion coefficient. (BTL-2)

10. Discover the need of thermal sensing. (BTL-3)

11. Give the principle of thermal bimorph. (BTL-2)

12. Define thermal resistance in the case of conduction, convection and radiation. (BTL-1)

13. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of thermal sensing and actuation. (BTL-

5)

14. Demonstrate the thermal transfer process with neat diagram. (BTL-3)

15. Write the principle of magnetic actuator with an example. (BTL-6)

29

16. Illustrate the relationship between B and H. (BTL-3)

17. Compare and contrast hard and soft magnets. (BTL-4)

18. Classify the types of magnetic materials based on susceptibility. BTL-4)

19. Define Lorentz force on a current carrying wire. (BTL-1) 20. Tabulate the advantages and disadvantages of magnetic actuation. (BTL-1)

UNIT 3

PART A

1. Distinguish between longitudinal and transverse piezoresistors. (BTL-2)

2. Differentiate longitudinal and transverse gauge factor. (BTL-4)

3. Describe PVDF. (BTL-1)

4. Relate the effective and ineffective design of cantilevers with piezoresistors. (BTL-6)

5. Discuss about the materials that are used as piezoresistors. (BTL-2)

6. Analyze, why the doping concentration takes an important consideration when

designing silicon photo resistors. (BTL-4)

7. List the applications of piezoresistive sensors. (BTL-1)

8. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of using piezoresistive sensors. (BTL-5)

9. Define piezoelectric effect. (BTL-1)

10. Illustrate the relationship between electrical polarization and applied mechanical stress.

(BTL-3)

11. Illustrate the relationship between stress and strain. (BTL-3)

12. Define electromechanical coupling coefficient. (BTL-1)

13. Point out the assumptions that have been made for calculating the curvature of bending.

(BTL-4)

14. Define Curie temperature. (BTL-1)

15. Discover the need of acoustic sensors. (BTL-3)

16. Write the principle of piezoelectric accelerometer. (BTL-1)

17. Why ZnO is used instead of PZT? (BTL-2)

18. Name the materials used as bonding agent in preparing PZT materials. (BTL-1)

19. Describe the need of flow rate sensors. (BTL-2)

20. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of piezoelectric sensing and actuation.

(BTL-5)

UNIT 4

PART A

30

1. Define Native Oxide. (BTL-1) 2. Explain about Plasma Etching. (BTL-4)

3. Generalize the difference between stiction and anti-stiction methods. (BTL-6)

4. Define Photo resist materials. (BTL-1)

5. Give the Principle of SLIGA process. (BTL-2)

6. Name the major Categories of processes for Bulk Silicon Etching. (BTL-1)

7. Describe TMAH. (BTL-2)

8. Define Sputtering. (BTL-1)

9. Point out the types of three dimensional profiles for anisotropic wet etching of silicon.(BTL-4)

10. List the applications of DRIE. (BTL-1)

11. Give the principle of Electroplating in LIGA process. (BTL-2)

12. Summarize the important benefits of SOI Wafer. (BTL-5)

13. Discuss about DRIE process. (BTL-2)

14. Show the material selection criteria for a two layer process. (BTL-3)

15. Compare and contrast Surface Micromachining and Bulk Micromachining. (BTL-4)

16. Classify the types of Etching process. (BTL-3)

17. Illustrate the schematic diagram of drying process. (BTL-3)

18. List out the Etching process. (BTL-1)

19. Summarize the advantages in Surface Machining. (BTL-5)

20. Generalize the difference between dry and wet etching. (BTL-6)

UNIT 5

PART A

1. Write the major classes of polymers. (BTL-3)

2. Compare and contrast thermo plastic polymer and thermal setting polymer. (BTL-4)

3. Give the structure of polymide. (BTL-2)

4. Summarize the properties of elastomers. (BTL-5)

5. Describe SU-8. (BTL-1)

6. Summarize the process characteristics of PDMS. (BTL-5)

7. Describe about LCP. (BTL-1)

8. Explain the terms PDMS and PMMA. (BTL-4)

9. Discover the need of parylene. (BTL-3)

10. Classify the dimmer variations of parylene. (BTL-3)

11. Point out the properties of polycarbonate. (BTL-4)

12. Generalize the difference between the properties of plastics and fibers. (BTL-6)

31

13. Give the principle behind multimodal polymer based tactile sensor. (BTL-2)

14. Define viscoelastic creep. (BTL-1)

15. Express the maximum tensile strength for polymers. (BTL-2)

16. List the families of polymers. (BTL-1)

17. Give the properties of Teflon. (BTL-2)

18. List the actuators for optical MEMS. (BTL-1)

19. Define optical mirrors. (BTL-1)

20. Generalize the properties of polymide materials. (BTL-6)

16 MARKSQUESTION BANK

UNIT-I

1. (i) Describe the role of semiconductor materials in the design of MEMS and also calculate the charge carrier concentration. (BTL-1)

(8)

(ii) Examine the concept of conductivity and resistivity. (BTL-1) (8)

2. (i) Illustrate the functional relationship between the actuating element and the

transduction unit in a Micro actuator. (BTL-3)

(8)

(ii) Describe the energy domains of sensors and actuators. (BTL-1) (8)

3. (i) Discuss in detail about the properties of silicon as a substrate material. (BTL-2) (8)

(ii) Explain how oxidation principle is used in Microsystem fabrication. (BTL-4) (8)

4. (i) Summarize the applications of Microsystems in different industries. (BTL-5) (8)

(ii) Give short notes on diffusion process used in MEMS industry. (BTL-2) (8)

5. (i) Summarize the processing steps of photolithography with neat sketch. (BTL-5) (8)

(ii) Describe about the PVD with neat diagrams. (BTL-1) (8)

6. (i) Explain about ion implantation technique to produce Microsystems. (BTL-4) (8)

(ii) Explainin detail about torsional deflection. (BTL-4) (8)

7. Mention fundamental classes of fabrication technologies. Design a typical

micromachining process involving one structural and one sacrificial layer.(BTL-6)

(16)

8. (i) Demonstrate the equations for Mass, Acceleration, Transient time and Power Density using Trimmer Force Vector. (BTL-3)

(8)

(ii) Compare and contrast PECVD, APCVD and LPCVD. (BTL-4) (8)

32

9. Give the relation between stress and strain in brief with relevant diagrams and

equations. (BTL-2)

(16)

10. (i) Define beam. Name the types of beams and point out the possible boundary

conditions. (BTL-1)

(6)

(ii) Describe about the flexural beam bending analysis under simple loading

conditions. (BTL-1)

(10)

11. Explain about the relation between tensile stress and strains also give the details of

mechanical properties of silicon. (BTL-4)

(16)

12.

(i)

Give the schematic diagram of a fixed free cantilever beam spring under loading

condition. (BTL-2)

(6)

(ii)

Describe about the mechanical deformation of a coil spring under a point loading

force. (BTL-2)

(10)

13.

Illustrate the concept of silicon based MEMS process. (BTL-3)

(16)

14. (i) Tabulate the difference between MEMS and Microelectronics. (BTL-1) (8)

(ii) List out the various etching process and explain in detail with relevant diagrams.

(BTL-1)

(8)

UNIT-II

1. (i) With suitable diagram, explain the working principle of parallel plate capacitor and the equilibrium position of electrostatic actuator under bias. (BTL-4)

(8)

(ii) Describe the pull in effect of parallel plate actuators. (BTL-1) (8)

2. (i) Describe the fabrication process of condenser microphone. (BTL-1) (8)

(ii) Discuss on electrostatic actuation model with neat diagram. (BTL-2) (8)

3. Discuss in detail about the fabrication process of pressure sensor with sealed

activity. (BTL-2)

(16)

4. (i) Define thermal resistor and thermistor. Draw the IV characteristics of thermal

resistor. (BTL-1)

(8)

(ii) Describe the working of thermocouple element with neat diagram. (BTL-1) (8)

5. (i) Explain thermal bimetallic bending and evaluate the vertical displacement at the

free end of the cantilever beam. (BTL-4)

(8)

(ii) Summarize the fabrication steps involved in the design of bimetallic artificial

cilia actuator. (BTL-5)

(8)

6. (i) Give short notes on Micro grippers. (BTL-2) (8)

33

(ii) Demonstrate the two strategies of lateral thermal actuators. (BTL-3) (8)

7. Explain in detail about the fabrication of thermal transfer shear stress sensor. (BTL-4)

(16)

8. Design an infrared sensor by giving out the fabrication steps in detail. (BTL-6) (16)

9. (i) Describe the principle of operation of magnetic actuation and the deposition

process of magnetic materials. (BTL-1)

(8)

(ii) Draw and explain the magnetic curve for a ferromagnetic material. (BTL-2) (8)

10. (i) List out the various actuation methods used in MEMS. Explain the fabrication of

magnetic materials. (BTL-1)

(8)

(ii) Explain about the structure and principle of a bistable magnetic switch.(BTL-3) (8)

11. (i) Explain about the construction and working of a variable-reluctance magnetic

micro motor.(BTL-4)

(8)

(ii) Describe the fabrication process of toroidal-meander type magnetic coil. (BTL-1) (8)

12. (i) Give short notes on Micro motors. (BTL-2) (8)

(ii) Summarize the applications of comb drive devices. (BTL-5) (8)

13. (i) With schematic diagram, explain bulk micro machined parallel plate capacitor

sensing as differential mode tactile sensor. (BTL-4)

(8)

(ii) Describe the design and fabrication process of torsional parallel plate capacitive

accelerometer. (BTL-1)

(8)

14. Explain different configurations of interdigitated finger capacitors and their

relative pros and cons in terms of maximum displacement, linear / angular

displacement and force output. (BTL-3)

(16)

UNIT-III

1. (i) Discuss about the properties of the materials used in the fabrication of

piezoelectric sensors. (BTL-2)

(8)

(ii) With neat diagram, describe the fabrication process of PZT piezoelectric acoustic

sensor. (BTL-1)

(8)

2. (i) Discuss on the concept of cantilever piezoelectric actuator model with neat

diagram. (BTL-2)

(8)

(ii) Discuss about the properties of the materials used in the fabrication of

piezoresistive sensors. (BTL-2)

(8)

3. (i) Demonstrate the working and fabrication process of surface micro machined

piezoresistive pressure sensor. (BTL-3)

(8)

(ii) Describe the working principle of membrane piezoelectric accelerometer and its (8)

34

fabrication process. (BTL-1)

4. (i) Examine the need of flow rate sensor. Demonstrate the working and fabrication

process of piezoelectric flow rate sensor. (BTL-3)

(8)

(ii) Explain the working principle of tactile sensor array with neat diagram. (BTL-4) (8)

5. (i) (i) Describe the fabrication process of cantilever type piezoelectric microphone. (BTL-1)

(8)

(ii) Summarize the fabrication steps involved in the design of silicon proof mass with

cantilever. (BTL-5)

(8)

6.

(i)

(ii)

Explain the stress analysis of the following mechanical elements: (BTL-4)

Stress in flexural cantilevers.

Stress and deformation in membrane.

(8)

(8)

7. (i) List some of the piezoelectric materials and piezoresistive materials. Differentiate

between them based on their property. (BTL-1)

(8)

(ii) Define piezoresistivity. Discuss on a multi-axis piezoresistive tactile sensor. (BTL-1)

(8)

8. (i) Formulate the fabrication steps to design an artificial hair cell element. (BTL-6) (8)

(ii) Give the comparison between various sensing methods. (BTL-2) (8)

9. (i) Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of various actuation methods.

(BTL-5)

(8)

(ii) List the applications of piezoresistive sensors. Explain the fabrication process of

piezoresistive shear-stress sensor. (BTL-1)

(8)

10. (i) Formulate the fabrication steps to design a bulk micro machined single crystal

silicon accelerometer. (BTL-6)

(8)

(ii) Illustrate the mathematical description of piezoelectric effect with relevant

diagrams. (BTL-3)

(8)

11. Define Acoustic sensor. Examine the steps involved in fabrication process of PZT piezoelectric Microphone. (BTL-1)

(16)

12.

(i)

(ii)

Discuss about the properties of the following piezoelectric materials. (BTL-2)

PZT

ZnO

(8)

(8)

13. (i) Illustrate the schematic of piezoelectric crystal in a rectangular system and analyze

the mathematical description of piezoelectric effects. (BTL-3)

(8)

(ii) Explain about the fabrication steps involved in cantilever piezoelectric

accelerometer. (BTL-4)

(8)

35

UNIT-IV

1. (i) Describe about the rules of anisotropic etching in a simplest case. (BTL-1) (8)

(ii) Describe about the rules of anisotropic etching in Complex Structures. (BTL-1) (8)

2. (i) Demonstrate the chemicals for wet anisotropic etching. (BTL-3) (10)

(ii) Illustrate the PEEL process. (BTL-3) (6)

3. (i) Explain about material selection criterion for two layer process. (BTL-4) (8)

(ii) Explain in detail about the thin films by low pressure chemical vapor deposition. (BTL-4)

(8)

4.

(i)

(ii)

Give short notes on: (BTL-2)

Gas phase etchants

Acceleration of sacrificial etch

(6)

(10)

5. Summarize the steps involved in LIGA process with relevant diagrams. (BTL-5) (16)

6. (i) Discuss on the limitations in micromachining. (BTL-2) (8)

(ii) Develop a three dimensional structures with surface machining. (BTL-6) (8)

7. Explain in detail about surface micromachining cantilever beam. (BTL-4) (16)

8. (i) Describe the Working principle of Sputtering. (BTL-1) (8)

(ii) With an example show where and how Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) is done. (BTL-1)

(8)

9.

(i)

(ii)

Give short notes on: (BTL-2)

Sacrificial etching process

Stiction and anti-stiction methods

(8)

(8)

10 Discuss in detail about the Assembly of 3D MEMS with any one Application.

(BTL-2)

(16)

11. Compare and contrast first pass and second pass of micro motor fabrication

process. (BTL-4)

(16)

12.

(i)

(ii)

Describe the principle of the following micromachining techniques: (BTL-1)

Bulk micromachining

Surface micromachining

(8)

(8)

13. (i) Demonstrate the process involved in etch profile evolution. (BTL-2) (8)

36

(ii) Illustrate the working of wagon wheel mask pattern. (BTL-3) (8)

14. Describe about a modular CMOS foundry process for integrated piezoresistive

pressure sensor. (BTL-1)

(16)

UNIT-V

1. Give short notes on: (BTL-2)

(i) Polymide (8)

(ii) LCP (8)

2. Generalize the categories and sources in Optical MEMS. (BTL-6) (16)

3. (i) Explain in detail about PDMS with case study. (BTL-2 (8)

(ii) Compare and contrast SU-8 and parylene. (BTL-2) (8)

4. Discuss about the Optical MEMS from micromirrors to complex systems.

(BTL-2)

(16)

5. (i) Summarize the fabrication process of silicon accelerometer with parylene beams.

(BTL-5)

(8)

(ii) Explain in detail about schematic diagram of LCP polymer flow sensors.

(BTL-5)

(8)

6. Describe the role of MEMS as Secondary Storage in Computer System.(BTL-1) (16)

7. Analyze the fabrication steps in Parylene surface micro machined pressure

sensor. (BTL-4)

(16)

8. (i) State the Principle and explain the operation of a typical micromirror.(BTL-4) (8)

(ii) Explain how micromirror technology is applied in scanning electron

micrograph.(BTL-4)

(8)

9. Demonstrate the active micro-actuators for optical modulation based on a planar

sliding triboelectric nanogenerator. (BTL-3)

(16)

10. Explain about optical applications of MEMS devices. (BTL-4) (16)

11. (i) Describe about the fabrication process for a parylene channel. (BTL-1) (8)

(ii) Define fluorocarbon and PMMA in detail. (BTL-1)

(8)

12. Examine about pneumatic controlled PDMS valve. (BTL-1) (16)

13. Relate the following as applied to DNA chip: (BTL-3)

(i) Basic microarray (3)

(ii) Principle of microarray (4)

37

(iii) Uses and Types of microarray (4)

(iv) Any one fabrication Technology for microarray (5)

14. Examine the top and cross-sectional view of Parylene surface micro machined

membrane with integrated metal resistors. (BTL-3)

(16)