SUBJECT INDEX 843

A A protein, see a lso 40% fragment ,

genetic mapping, maturat ion protein

gene (cistron) locus, 683 ini t iator f ragment , 627 init iator site, 626, 627

part ia l sequence for, 627 production in cell-free system,

independent translation, 659 ASase, synthesis and translation,

729,730 A site, 358

peptidyl t ransferase specificity, 362

Acceptor protein, 530, 531, 781 Acceptor site, 115, 167, 179

and anticodon checking, 195 binding at, 325, 329 distortion by streptomycin, 115

Ac-phe-puromycin formation effect of sparsomycin on, 401

Ac-phe-phe-tRNA, 458 Actinomycin D

inhibits post fertilization RNA synthesis, 720

inhibits RNA synthesis, 757 Activation steps, 808 Acyl-aminocyl-tRNA hydrolase,

493ff properties of, 493-495 specificity of, 495, 497

Adenosine-diphosphase ribose (ADPR), see a l so Homopolymer

- t ranaferase II, 589, 595 inactive in peptide chain elon-

gation, 589 units, 781

association with nuclear pro- tein, 782

Adenosine diphosphase ribosylation inactivates ribosome-dependent

activity of aminoacyl t ransfe- rase II, 603

inhibits ribosome-dependent GT- Pase activity of aminoacyl- t ransferase II, 607

of aminoacyl t ransferase II subunit of toxin active in cata-

lyzing toxln-dependent, 589, 603, 690,593 proposed mechanism for, 609 slow ra te of, 596 specificity for NAD, 606

of nuclear proteins, 781 reaction occurs entirely a t cell

surface, 601 ADP-ribosyl linkage, 784 Adult cuticular protein, 787

production of, 789 requirement of tRNA and acti-

vat ing enzyme for, 789 tyrosine rich, 787

Alkaline hydrolysis, 638, 640, 697 Alkaline phosphatase, 768 Alkaline phosphatase monomers,768

m-RNA directed synthesis of, 768 Amber codon (UAG), 513, 517

s ee a l so Coat gene, reading con- text, t ranslat ion

as na tura l chain termination, 518 results of t ranslat ion of, 683

Amber mutants polari ty of, 707

trpR, 733 Amber mutation

effect on rate of synthesis of RNA polymerase, 659

identification of, 704 sus 3, 656

Amicetin effect on binding of phenylalanyl-

oligonucleotide to ribosome, 406 inhibitor of f ragment reaction in

bacteria and yeast, 372 inhibitor of peptidyl t ransfer , 180

Amidation reaction, 521 mechanism of, 521-524, 527

Amido-transferase, 521 ATP dependent, 526, 527 function of, 527

Amino acid activating activity, 820 Amino acid activation

in gramicidin S biosynthesis, 805 enzymes for, 860 utilization of ATP for, 805

Amino acid analogs, 743 Amino acid deprivation, 727-729 Amino acid polymerization factors

ear ly studies on, 438 G-factor, 377

binding to ribosomes, 382, 383 comparable to aminoacyl t rans-

ferase II in r a t liver system, 382

effect of GTP on, 382 role in translation, 377 role as mediator in transloca-

tion process, 383 isolation and crystallization of,

377-381 T factor stimulates binding of

aminoacyl tRNA to ribosome, 377 Ts and Tu, 377

Amino acid sequence and gene prod- uct activity, 514, 517

Aminoacyl adenyIate, 807 Aminocyl binding, 189, 458

leading to peptidyl t ransfer , 458 Aminoacyl-checking, 189 Aminoaeyl-oligo-nucleotides, 395 Aminoacyl site, 347 Aminoacyl synthetase, 154 Aminoacy] transfer

from adenylates, 508 reversible, 808

Aminoacyl tRNA (AA-tRNA) see a lso T factor, T~ factor, Tu

factor an intermediate in protein syn-

thesis, 531 binding to ribosomes,

amount react ing with ribo- somes, 183ff, 350

effect of antibiotics on, 403 effect of T factor on, 169 enzymatic, 189, 347, 35I events in, 403 first site for, 168 GTP requirements for, 340 independence of aminoacyl end

404, 406, 408 interaction with 50S subparti-

cIe, 198 kinetics of, 181 mechanism for binding & re-

lease, 179 non-enzymatic, 184,194 site, 115 stimulated by soluble t ransfer

fac tor and GTP, 421 T and G factors involved in, 416 to 30S ribosomal subunits, 170,

176, 198-200 Tu and T, required for t e rna ry

complex, 455 movement of, 240

Aminoacyl tRNA binding factor, 347

Aminoacyl tRNA binding to RPA complex, 439

role of factor $l & S:~ in 439-443 effect of GTP on, 440

Aminoacyl tRNA-protein t ransfer- ase, 529

and modification of proteins, 529 specificity of, 530

Aminoacyl tRNA-S:~-GTP complex fusidic acid

see a l so , RPA complex, sparsomy- cin, tetracycline

characterist ics of, 442 cleavage of GTP component, 443-

445 designated Complex II, 440 intermediate in binding aminoa-

cyl-tRNA to ribosomes, 440-442 reaction with RPA complex, 440 role in aminoacyl tRNA binding,

450 Aminoacyl-tRNA-T~-GTP complex

active intermediate in messenger- dependent binding of aminoacyl tRNA 426

dependencies for formation of, 426

steps in formation, 427, 430 Aminoacyl t ransferase I, 347

AA-tRNA-ribosome binding, 493 not affected by diphtheria toxin,

589, 603

Aminoacyl- transferase II (T2), 347 s ee a l so Diphtheria toxin, GTP,

GTPase activities inhibited by diphtheria

toxin, 609 binding to ribosomes, 596-598, 601 different subunits of, 594 from rabbit reticulocytes, 595 functional correspondence with

bacterial G factor, 593,598, 605, 607

GTP-dependent ejection from rib- osomes, 601

inactivation of 601,605, 607 number of molecules bound to rib-

osome, 596 relation to protein synthesis, 601 release from nucleotides, 601 release from ribosomes, 599 relation to protein synthesis, 601 role in polypeptide chain elonga-

tion, 589, 593, 607 specificity for inactivation of in-

hibition of protein synthesis, 589, 595

t ransfer of ADP-ribose portion of NAD to, 605

Aminoacylation, enzymatic effect of tRNA st ructural modifi-

cations on, 508 of tRNA Gly, 507

Anisomycin inhibitor of peptidyl t ransferase

in 80 S ribosomal systems, 373 Anti-G inhibits polyphenylalanine

syntheses, 413 Anti-T

effect on binding, 413 effect on codon recognition, 414 inhibitor of in vitro protein syn-

theses, 413 Antibiotic mutations, 117, 118 Antibiotic resistance markers, 85-88 Antibodies as specific inhibitors of

the G and T factor requir ing re- actions, 413

Antibiotics competition in binding sites, 362 effect on binding of tRNA to

ribosomes, 375 effect on f ragment reaction

with human tonsil ribosomes, 373

with yeast ribosomes, 372 effect on peptidyl t ransferase, 362 effect on polypeptide bond forma-

marion, 46, 51 effect on polysome metabolism,

231-236 effect on polysomes formed in vi-

tro, 114 genes resis tant to, 85 sequence of amino acids in, 812

Anticodon-checking demonstration of, 191 interference of AA-tRNAs in, 191 occurrence of, 195

Anticodon loop, 162 independent function of, 166 relation to 30S subparticle, 198

Anucleate merogones, 721 A r b a c i a p u n c t u l a t a , 717 Art i fac tual polypeptides, 656 Asparagine, 416, 675 ATPase from spinach chloroplast,

390 ATP-AMP exchange reaction, 818

82O ATP-PPi exchange reaction, 818,

824 Aurintr icarboxylic acid, 406

effect on binding of phenylalanyl: oligonucleotide to ribosome, 406-408

Azide inhibition of mRNA degrada- tion, 726

B BA (trp) messenger, 725 B . b r e v i s

biosynthesis of gramicidin S, 805 mutant , 823

B a c i l l u s s t e a r o t h e r m o p h i l u s , 439, 665-670

amino acid polymerization factors from, 439 role in peptide chain elongation,

439-442 does not t ransla te f2 coat protein

gene 668, 670 Factor $1, S._,, $3, 439 specificity of, 668

Bacteriophage RNAs direct synthesis of only 3 proteins,

621 genome size, 621 identification of t rue ini t iator se-

quences of, 621 Bacteriophage T4

in vitro protein synthesis, 793-798 shuts off host macromolecular

synthesis, 793 Biosynthesis of cyclic deeapeptide

gramieidin S, 805 Binding, 167

see a l so Aminoacyl tRNA, ehlor- tetracycline, glycl tRNA syn- thetase initiation factors, initiation protein

and release of initiation factors from ribosomes, 281

kinetics of AA-tRNA, 181 of anticodon loop to ribosomes,

162 of 5 SRNA to ribosomal p r e e u r -

ors, 144-147 of radioactive drug to sensitive

and resis tant ribosomes, 96-98 of RNA, 287 on 30S, 164

Binding enzyme, 331 see t r ans fe r factor TFI

Binding & release cycle, 282-284 Binding reaction and Protein A in-

itiation sites yielded, 629 Binding sites, ribosomal, 162, 165,

167-176 see a lso tRNA for aminoacyl t ransferase II, 601 in 30S and 50S subunit, 198 substrate, 184-190

Binding to ribosomes, see aminoaeyl t ransferase II, Aminoacyl

t -RNA messenger for, 651 of circular fd DNA, 651 of GTP, 391 requirements for, 651

Borohydride t reatment , 808 Bottromycin

effect on binding of phenylalanyl- oligonucleotide to ribosome,

406-408

C

CFm, 801 s ee myosin required in binding of myosin in

R N A to ribosomes, 802 Chain elongation, 168, 321 s ee a l so

G factor, GTP, peptide chain elongation, polypeptide elonga- tion, t ranslat ion, translocation

action of streptomycin at, 234 and acceptor site, 168 ear ly scheme of, 437 effects of various antibiotics on,

406-408 interaction occurring on ribosomes

during, 358 intermediate steps in, 329,437,446 in vitro without chain initiation

or termination, 437 model for, 347

Chain elongation factors, 321 Chain initiation s ee a l so Heine, rec-

ognition, ribosomal subunits, sodium fluoride

by RNA-dependent RNA poly- merase, 698

in mammalian cells, 313-315 inhibition by modified globin mole-

cules, 577 rate of, 557 requirement for deacylated tRNA,

333

844 SUBJECT INDEX

Chain initiation site, specific location on 30S subunit, 291

Chain propagat ion strongly depen- dent upon reading context, 516

Chain termination see also Amber codon, nonsense eodons, ochre codon, reading context, suppres- sion

codon UAA may be pa r t of na tur - al termination signals, 518

model for t ransla t ion of signal for, 518

no chain terminat ing tRNA dis- covered, 518

results in mRNA ribosome disso- ciation, 677

signal position determines ra te of ribosome release, 677

Chase with unlabeled substrate, 636 Chemical determination of nucleo-

tide sequence, 616 Chloramphenicol, 769

action on binding, 362, 401 blocks polysome breakdown by

streptomycin, 115 effect on binding of phenylalanyl-

oligonucleotide to ribosome, 406-408

effect on polypeptide chain elonga- tion, 213

effect on protein synthesis, 255 effect on ribosomal unit exchange,

212 effect on ribosome cycle, 235 inhibition of degradation process,

726 inhibition of peptidyl t ransferase ,

487 inhibition of polypeptide chain

termination, 476, 487 jams messenger with ribosomes

no longer capable of t ransla- tion, 726

not a competitive inhibitor of pur- omycin, 401

sensitivity of l i r and n e k muta- tions to, 117

Chlortetracycline blocks polysome breakdown by streptomycin, 115

par t ia l inhibition of binding, 322 Chromatin, 784 Circular fd DNA, single-stranded,

651 function in absence of neomycin,

see also neomycin, 653 Coat protein see also 66% fragment

as suppressor of RNA poly- mers synthesis, 687, and RNA ribosonml RNA structure.

Coat protein, 615 alanine is N-terminal amino acid

of Q B, 644 composition of, 675 controls t ranslat ion of RNA poly-

merase gene, 694 inhibits initiation of RNA poly-

merase synthesis, 662 initiated with F-met, 644 initiation sequence in ribosome

protected RNA segment, 631 initiation sequence as preferred

site for ribosome at tachment, 633

initiation site, 622 init iator f ragments I and II, 626

Coat protein gene, 615-629 change dur ing synthesis of first

pa r t of coat protein, 660 grea te r efficiency of reading of,

675 initiation site on protected RNA

fragment , 679,683,684 ribosome protection of initial p a r t

of. 683 te r t ia ry s tructure of, 660

Coat protein init iator site, 626 Codon-anticodon interaction

site of, 200 specificity of t ranslat ion process,

403 Codon-anticodon recognition tim-

ing device built in, 503 Codon recognition

alteration by s t ruc tura l change within tRNA s t ruc tura l genes, 511

and act ivat ing enzyme recogni- tion, 511

Codon recognition molecules for polypeptide chain termination, 482

Codon recognition reaction see Anti-T

Codon specific AA-tRNA binding, 194

Codon specificity of suppression, 499,502 of temperature dependence, 499

Codon UAA may be pa r t of some na tura l ter-

mination signal, 518 Codons in E-chain synthesis, 587, 588 Cold-sensitive mutants used in vivo

assembly of ribosomes, 69-74 Complex I, 687 Complex II s ee Aminoacyl t R N A -

S a - G T P Complex Component I, 822 Component II, 823 Conditional mutations, 118

s e e also temperature-sensitive mutations

inducement of, 121 Context mutants , 519

possible locus very close to non- sense mutant , 520

Co-transduction of tetracycline re- sistance and Aro E +, 134

Cyclic AMP, 758-760 and false starts , 759 and time of messenger initiation,

759 associated with promoter locus,

759 mechanism of action of, 759

Cyclic oligopeptide, biosynthesis of, 805

Cyclization of antibiotics, 810 Cytoplasmic ribosomes

subunit exchange in, 209 Cycloheximide

freezes polyribosomes in eucaryo- tic cells, 556, 599

inhibits initiation and elongation in reticulocytes, 557

inhibits protein synthesis, 556, 745

D

D messenger, 725 D region, 730

time of the first plateau in ASase synthesis, 730

dCMP-deaminase, 765 two kinds of. 765 early & late synthesis of. 766 synthesis of enzymatically active,

756 DNA-directed cell-free system for

fl-galactosidase, 753-760 D-Phe-L-Pro-diketopiperazine,

815, 817 D-WIN-5094, effect on binding of

phenylalanyloligonucleotide to ribosome, 406-408

Deacylated tRNA as an init iator of polyphenyl-

alanine synthesis, 333 binding to ribosomes, 334

Decoding sites, ribosomal, 179 function of, 191,193 three on same ribosome, 179, 181

Deoxyribonuclease, effect on chain length of polymer, 784

Derepression. 729 Diisopropyl fluorophosphate, 743 Dipeptide bond formation, require-

merits for, 395 Dipeptide formation, see a lso GTP

in RPA complex, 445 Dipeptide formation in reticulo-

cytes, 316, 326, 329 Dipeptide synthesis

effect of formaldehyde and tem- perature on, 669

Dipeptide synthesis reaction, 660- 662, 663

Dipeptides, 661,662 Diphenylalanine formation, 395

Diphenyla]anine synthesis on isolat- ed ribosomes, 336

requirement for GTP, 336 requirement for reticulocyte bind-

ing enzyme, 336 requirement for reticulocyte TF-

II, 336 Diphtheria toxin, 589

action in living animal, 599-601 catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of

t ransferase II, 598, 604 inactivates aminoacyl t ransferase,

II, 603 prevention by nicotinamide, 603

inhibition of mammalian protein synthesis, 589, 598, 663, 609

molecular weight of, 589 receptor site adsorption of, 601 subunit s t ructure and catalytic

biological activities, 590-593 Donor site

binding at, 325, 329 on same ribosomes as decoding

sites, 179, 192 Donor tRNA

fate during peptidy] t ransfer , 460 released during transiocation, 461

Drug-induced monosome, 237, 238 Dynamic equilibrium and function

of T factor, 435, 436

E

e g e n e m RNA, 771 E-messenger

operator-proximal, 725 Ecdysone

growth differentiating hormone in insects. 787

Edeine effect on binding of phenylalanyl-

oligonucleotide to ribosome, 406-408

8 S mRNA, 579-581 physical properties of, 581, 583 possible configuration of, 583

18 S ribosomal RNA in ribosomal subunits, 559

80 S ribosomes, 369 activation prior to entry into poly-

ribosome, 564 formation from association of

both ribosomal subunits, 562 from human tonsils, 369 f rom yeast, 369 peptidyl t ransferase activity, 369

localized to 60 S subunit, 369 potentially active in protein syn-

thesis. 563 Electrophoretic mobilities of 30 S &

50 S ribosomal proteins, 79 Elongation

model, 191 reaction steps in, 180

Elongation fac tor ( s ) , 195, 455 see a l so T~ and Tu

G, 304 TFI. 190

Elongation of peptide bonds requirements for, 385

Elongation of polypeptide chain enzymes required for, 488 T and G factors as principal solu-

ble elements involved in, 416 Elongation of ribosome-bound poly-

peptide chains in protein syn- thesis, 347

2 protein factors required. 347 Embryonic messages, 721

embryo control of, 721 requirements for appearance, 722

Endogenous mRNA of reticulocyte ribosome, 800

Endonuclease (RNase IV), 707-709 action on R17 RNA, 711 molecular weight of, 709

Endonucleolytic mRNA, degrada- tion of, 737

Enzymatic sulfhydryl group accep- tors in granicidin S system, 812

Enzymes DNA-dependent synthesis in vitro, 763

Erythromycin and translocation, 171 antibiotic mutants resis tant to,

117 effect on binding of phenylalanyl-

oligonucleotide to ribosome, 406-408

effect on ribosomal subunit ex- change, 212

effect on ribosome cycle, 235 gene resistant to, 85

Ethanol, 103, 360 as accelerator of f ragment reac-

tion, 366 effect on polypeptide chain termi-

nation, 475, 482, 486 Ethidium bromide

inhibits mitochondrial RNA, 542 Eucaryotic cells, 209-212

ribosome formation in, 535 ribosomal subunit exchange in,

211

F

f2 RNA, 416, 655, 685 degradation of, 668 directs synthesis of matura t ion

protein in B , s t e a r o t h e r m o p h i - lus , 667

directs synthesis of only 3 estab- lished phage gene products in cell-free system, 658

effect of r is ing temperature on, 663

inhibition of ribosome at tachment to beginning of polymerase gene by folded region coded for coat protein, 660

number of nucleotides in, 655 regulation role of, 662-665 single stranded, 655

Factor-dependent binding of F-met- tRNA to ribosomes, 302

Factor Fz characteristics of, 283

Factor F3, 226 relation to dissociation factor, 226 major functions is ribosome dis-

sociation, 299 Factor G, see G factor Factor $I

corresponds to factor T~, 439 required for complex II forma-

tion, 441 Factor S~

see a l so Fusidic acid corresponds to factor G, 439 discrimination agains t ini t iator

tRNA role in translocation, 450 Factor Sa

binding to RPA complex, 447-449 can bind GDP, 448 corresponds to unstable fac tor T~,

439 released from ribosome a f te r GTP

cleavage, 449 Factor T~, 446, 458

acts catalytically in binding of GTP to T. factor, 430

purification of, 422 Factor T., 446, 458

crystallization of, 428 heat sensitivity of, 421 role in formation of T~-GTP com-

plex. 430 5'-terminus of protected RNA f rag -

ment analysis of, 681 A protein closest to, 683 binding of RNA to, 684

5'-triphosphoryl end group identification of, 701 specific reagent for, 698

Fluorouracil and suppression, 513 5'-terminal of mRNA

free and not required for protein synthesis, 670

protection of, 738 5 S rRNA, 538

SUBJECT I N D E X 845

50 S subunit effect of binding antibiotics on,

407-408 peptidyl transferase activity of,

357-362 effect of alcohol on, 357-362

structure and function of, 363-365 Folinic acid, 765

effect on synthesis of ~-glucosyl transferase and lysozyme, 765

Formaldehyde, 663 effect on RNA secondary struc-

ture. 663-665 abolition of pleiotropic effect of

s u s 3 coat mutation on polymer- ase synthesis, 665

biologic effect of, 665 F-met-puromycin formation, 307 F-met-tRNA, 161

binding of, 165 binding to aeceptor site, 181 reaction with aminoacyl tRNA,

358 required for initiation of protein

synthesis, 259 requirements for binding of, 259-

298 role in binding, 263

40 S ribosomal subunit, 559 41 S ribosomal subunit precursor of

ribosomal RNA products 18 S and 28 S, 537

43 S ribosomal subunit (RSW), 559 enters into polyribosomes more

readily than 40 S RSU, 561 45 S rRNA precursor, 537 45 S ribosomal subunit

cleavage of. 538,540 one half of original molecule not

utilized, 540 precursor of mammalian riboso-

mal RNA products, 535 4 S mitoehondrial-associated RNA,

544 presumably involved in protein

synthesis, 545 Fraction I, 805

molecular weight of, 805, 820 1:1:1:1 stochiometry of active

sites for specific amino acid ac- tivation, 807

of gramicidin S synthesizing en- zyme system, 819

properties of, 819-822 tightly associated complex of en-

zymes, 807 Fraction II , 805. 807

catalyzes initial peptidyl transfer reaction, 810

identical with ATP-dependent phenylalamine racemase, 820

molecular weight of, 805 Fractionation of RNA molecules on

polyacrylamide gel, 614, 623 Fragment reaction, 358, 364

donor activity in, 361 effect of sparsomycin on, 362 in the alcohol system, 360 requirements and characteristics

of, 366-368 similarity of 80 S ribosomes to

70 S ribosomes, 371 with 80 S ribosomes, 370-373 with human tonsil ribosomes, 370 with yeast ribosomes, 370

Fragmentation of R17 RNA, 709 60% and 40% fragments, 709-713

degree of amino acid incorpora- tion, 711

degree of initiation, 711 degree of messenger activity,

711 molecular weight of, 711 in vitro protein synthesis, 711-

713 Fragmented RNA

contains 5'-terminal GTP, 675 contains site for initiation of coat

protein synthesis, 603 corresponding to 5'-terminal re-

gion of QB RNA, 641 coat cistron not within frag-

ment, 644 derived from binding site at be-

ginning of synthetase cistron and assigned to A protein, 626

locus, 680

Fragmented RNA (cont'd) nuclease resistant, 674 number and size of, 615 obtained by partial pancreatic

ribonuclease digestion of initia- tion complex, 622

of f2 RNA, 631 properties of, 679-681,683 ribosome-protected, 675, 682 secondary structure of, 617 size of, 675, 680, 681, 683 three kinds of initiator sites in,

622-628 Fragments of f2 RNA

14 S RNA, 662 Free vs. run-off ribosomes, 224 Fusidic acid

and prevention of G-factor bind- ing, 172

blocks polysome breakdown by streptomycin, 115

effect on binding of phenylalanyl- oligonucleotide to ribosome, 406

effect on GTP, 391 failure to effect fragment reaction

in yeast, 373 G-factor mutants resistant to, 412 inhibition of G factor, 280 inhibition of GTPase activity of

transferase II from pig liver, 389

inhibition of initiation of translo- case, 180

inhibition of ribosomal cycle, 232 inhibition of oligophenylalanine

synthesis, 400 inhibition of stuck 70 S, 205 inhibition of translocation, 400

catalyzed by factor G, 450 catalyzed by factor S._,, 450

inhibits G translocation reaction, 662

no effect on cleavage from Com- plex II, 451

specificity for factor G inhibition, 401

Fusidic-acid resistant mutant, 463 relation to G factor, 467

G

G factor s e e a l s o amino acid polymeriza-

tion, Transfer factors, Translo- cation

crystallization of. 386 functional correspondence to ami-

noacyl transferase II, 605, 607 functions of, 385,411-414 involved in chain elongation, 467 involved in polymerization pro-

cess, 466 molecular weight of, 386 mutants resisting fusidic acid ef-

fects, 412 not directly required for peptide

bond synthesis, 467 not involved in binding of amino-

acyl tRNA to ribosomes, 466 properties of, 387 purification of, 385-387, 412 reaction sequences of, 392 requirement for translocation,

328, 415, 529 role in binding of GTP to ribo-

somes, 391,430 roIe in formation of dipeptide, 411 sensitivity to SH inhibitors, 387

GDPCP GTP analog & a competitive in-

hibitor for formation of oligo- phenylalanine, 396

G4P stimulator of translocation, 398

GTP, 154, 163 and binding of circular fd DNA,

651 and dissociation, 227 and effect on binding of aminoacyl-

transferase II, 597, 601 as a stimulus of binding, 395 binding of, 433 binding to protein factors, 419

involvement of factors T~ and T~ in, 420

GTP (cont'd) binding to ribosome, 391

dependent on presence of G fac- tor complex with GTP and ribosomes, 391

causes dissociation of Ts-T. com- plex, 426

cleavage of, 443-445 during binding reaction, 324,

326 required in translocation, 451

co-factor in translocation reac- tion, 348

effect on amount of aminoacyl tRNA reacting with ribosomes, 350

effect on binding G factor to ribo- somes, 382

effect on T-promoted binding of 3H-phenylalanine-tRNA to rib- osomes, 458

free as against bound to complex II, 451

interaction with soluble transfer factors, 419

required at two points during chain extension, 337

required for aminoacyl-tRNA binding, 340

required for interaction of amino- acyl tRNA with transfer fac- tors, 426

required for interaction of sub- strate with ribosome, 347

required for pre- to post-translo- cation, 340, 347, 415

requirement in dipeptide synthe- sis, 445

requirement in polypeptide syn- thesis, 329

requirement for translocation, 328, 335, 340, 601

role in binding, 166, 200, 206, 291,411

role in chain elongation, 451 role in formation of dipeptide, 411 role in initiation process, 277-284 role in polypeptide synthesis, 419 role of factor Ts in binding of, 457

dGTP stimulator of translocation, 398

GTPase, 277 activity of aminoacyl-tRNA bind-

ing factor from reticulocytes, 459

and binding, 330 ribosome-dependent reaction, 385 uncoupled reaction mechanism,

385 GTPase activity

s e e a l s o Fusidic acid G factor to ribosome bonding, 382 relation to translocation, 413

GTPase reaction associated with aminoacyl trans-

ferase II, 603, 605 identical to that of polypeptide

synthesis, 607 inhibition of SH inhibitors, 385 pH-activity curve of, 387 relation to translocation of pep-

tidyl tRNA, 593 requirement for, 389 sequences of, 392

GTPase, ribosome-dependent in initiation factor FIH, 304

of elongation factor G, 304 fi-galactosidase, 753 788

in vitro synthesis of, 771 large tetrameric molecule, 753

fi-galactosidase gene, 753 s e e a l s o ]ac operon

Gene-directed synthesis, 753 Gene dose regulation at level of

translation, 790 Genetic code, 616

s e e a l s o Nucleotide sequences correctness of, 616 degeneracy of, 616

function of, 617 relation nucleotide to amino acids

sequence, 616 64 possible triplets. 513 universality of, 490

Genetic linkage achievement of, 130 between ribosome protein genes

and antibiotic resistance markers, 87

studies of, 118 Genetic mapping, 85-88, 96,107,124,

129 in R17 RNA, 629 intermediate steps in chain elon-

gation, 329 location of ribosomal binding site

on T4 in RNA, 272 locus of first possible initiator co-

don, 619 of coat protein, 615, 629 of F2 RNA genes, 658 of 5S RNA, 139-144 of gene 57, 794 of gene for maturation protein,

659 of gly locus, 506 of maturation protein, 661 of peptidyl- and aminoacyl-t

RNA,198-202 of protein synthesis codon, 644 of R17 RNA fragments, 715 of ribosomes, ribosomal subunits

and mRNA, 564 of tail fiber antigens, 794 of temperature sensitive tempera-

ture-dependent suppressor on S-100, 503

of tetracycline resistance, 136 of tRNA structural gene, 512 of working ribosome, 206 of tRNA, 153,166, 175 ribosomal site of peptidyl tRNA,

474 Genetic suppression, 103

by mutated tRNA, 103-105, 126 Genetics

of cold-sensitivity, 71-72 of rRNA, 80-84 of ribosomal proteins, 69-74

Globin synthesis heroin control of, 547, 573-576

Glu-tRNA synthetase, 521 Glucosidase, 780 fl-Glucosyl transferase

an early T-4 enzyme, 763 synthesis in vitro, 763, 766

Glucosylation reaction, 768 Glutamine

role in protein synthesis, 527 Glutaminyl-tRNA synthesis

two pathways for 521-527 Glutathione, 815 Gly genetic locus, 506, 509 Glycyl-tRNA, 815 Glycyl tRNA synthetase

reaction with missense suppres- sors, 507

binding to mutationally altered tRNA Gly, 5O8

Glycyladenylate, 805 Gougerotin

effect on binding of phenylalanyI- oligonucleotide to ribosome.406-

408 inhibition of polypeptide chain

termination, 475 inhibitor of fragment reaction in

bacteria and yeast, 372 Gramicidin S, 805, 815

amino acid sequence of, 816 biosynthesis of, 805, s e e a l s o thio-

esters activation of amino acids for,

810 elongation and termination in,

812 elongation reactions of, 809 initiation reaction for, 811 protein-bound intermediate in-

volved in, 807 production, 823 synthesis, 817

initiation point for, 817 two enzyme proteins involved

in, 825

846 SUBJECT I N D E X

H

Heat labile t ransfer factor, 329 Heat lability, 174-176

and the "ribosome cycle," 175 biological significance of, 175

Head growth, 812 Heme

prevents formation of an inhibi- tor, 576

promotes peptide chain formation, 576

results of deficiency of, 573 role in polyribosome function, 573 single role in hemoglobin synthe-

sis, 577 two modes of action, 573

Heterogeneous mitochondial RNA, 541-544

Histone-like proteins, 720, see a l so RNA synthesis

mRNA-dependent synthesis of, 720

Histone templates, 721 Homopolymer, 781-783

linked to accepter protein, 781 possible structure of, 783

Hybridization, 725, 793 Hydrolsis of GTP

required for both T & G factor requiring reactions, 415

Hydrolsis of RNA, 649 resistance of blocked groups to,

649 Hydroxylamine, 784 Hydroxylapatite, 350 Hydroxyurea

inhibition of DNA synthesis and cleavage in cleavage stage em- bryos, 720

effect on 9-10 S RNAs, 721

I

i gene, 758 Identification schemes for 30 S and

50 S genes, 29 Inchworm theory of translocation,

342 Inducer protein, 768

conversion to a repressor, 768 required for enzyme synthesis,

768 Inhibitors

actinomycin D, 22 amicetin, 180 chloramphenicol, 212 erythromycin, 212 fusidic acid, 205 GDPCP, 396 micrococcin, 85 N-ethylmaleimide, 180, 287 pactamycin, 216 ribonuclease, 212 rifampycin, 235 sparsomycin, 212, 213 spectinomycin, 216 streptomycin, 216 tetracycline, 205, 212

Inhibitors of amino acid incorporation in ana-

logous cell-free system, 205 aminoacyl-transferase II binding

to ribosomes, 597 diphtheria toxin, 589 formation of oligophenylalanine,

396 globin synthesis, 574-576 initiation of RNA synthesis, 258 peptidyl transfer, 115, 180 polypeptide chain elongation, 213 polypeptide chain termination,475 protein synthesis, 212, 589 ribosomal function, 85 ribosomal subunit exchange, 213 stuck 70S ribosomes, 205 translocation, 180, 195, 416

Initiation, see a lso chain initiation, initiation complex, monosome recognition ribosomes, ribosom- al subunit, translation

assay via Asn-tRNA binding, 181 effect of aging on blocking protein

synthesis, 251

Initiation (cont'd) effect of temperature on, 255, 259 in presence of phenyla lan ine

charged fraction II, 808 of fl glucosyl transferase and ly-

sozyme, 764 of peptide bond synthesis, 808 of polypeptide chains, 301 of protein synthesis, 213,255, 258 process in E . coli , 311 reaction steps in, 180 recognition of sites of, 670 requires dissociation, 224 specificity for, 668 steps in, 437 structures, 195

Initiation code for polypeptide syn- thesis, 698

Initiation factors, see a l so acyl- amino-tRNA hydrolyase bind- ing, GTP, G factor, Factors F2, F.~, $1, S._,, Sa, T~, Tu

A, 179 function of, 309-311 (F1), 274 and the ribosomal cycle, 308

B, 179, 281-283, 309-311 C, 179, 189, 309-311

Initiation complex, 259, 261,309 S e e a l so Chain initiation com-

plex composition of, 282 formation of, 274, 671 requirements for, 671

Initiation monosome, 237 Initiation peptides, 713

formation prevented by repres- sion of coat protein, 715

Initiation sites, 294 see a l so binding reaction, fragmented RNA, messenger RNA

attachment of ribosome as signal of initiation of protein synthe- sis, 655

for protein synthesis, 273 nucleotide sequences, 621

Initiation specificity, 180 Initiation triplets in poly A, U, G,

190 versus f r RNA, 190

Initiator codon, 671 Initiator protein

mechanism for governing in RNA- ribosome interactions, 263-274

recycling of, 274 role in ribosome binding, 261-264

Initiator RNA, 164, 291 binding to ribosomes, 621 codon requirements for, 621 F-met-tRNA, 621 role in binding, 166

Insect ribosomal system similar to mammalian ribosomal

system, 789 Interactions between ribosome mu-

tations, 123 due to pleiotropy, 126

Intergeneric mating technique, 78- 81

advantages of, 82-83 Internal codons

requirements for recognition of, 41

Internal homology, 699-709 Isopleth, 699 ITP

stimulator of translocation, 398

J

Juvenile hormone effect of, 787 responsible for immature insect

molts, 787

K

Kanamycin antibiotic mutant resistant to, 117

L

lac operon, 738, 753 Lac repressor

i-gene associated, 758

Lactose permease, 753 Leucyl acceptor, tRNA, 791 Leucyl tRNA synthetase, 791 Lincomycin

antibiotic mutant reacting to, 117 binding at the chloramphenicol

binding site, 362 Lysozyme, 764

a late T4 enzyme, 764 a strongly basic protein, 772 composition of, 793 DNA-dependent synthesis in

vitro, 764 use of T4mRNA in, 767

F-met-tRNA as chain initiator, 765

in vitro synthesis of, 771,793 behaviour of, 772

late gene product, 794 natural & in vitro products be-

have in same manner, 772-774 rate of translation of, 793 requirements for appearance, 794

Lysozyme-specific mRNA, 794 activity of, 776

effect of heat on, 778 increase late in infection, 776

early inactivity of, 775 and masking of ribosomal at-

tachment site by fold of, 775 modification of structure, 775 polycistronic nature of, 778 size of, 776-779 synthesis in absence of protein

synthesis, 776-778 translation of codons in, 780

Lysyl- tRNA, 357

M

Mammalian ribosome subunits, 371 Mammalian ribosomes

binding of, 404 Mammalian transfer RNA

from rat liver, 490 inability to translate amber

codon WAG, 490 initiation of translation of phage

messenger, 490 Mammalian system

coupling between GTP hydrolosis & translocation compared to bacterial system, 390

Maternal messages, 721 embryo control of, 721 requirements for appearance, 722

Maturation protein s ee a lso A protein, 655,658

control of synthesis of, 687 direction of synthesis of, 667 system which makes only, 656

Messenger RNA (mRNA) see a l so initiation site, 9-10 S

RNA, ribosomes, transfer RNA, translocation

and polypeptide chain termina- tion, 475

and T4 protein synthesis, 794-798 binding site in ribosome, 198 binding to ribosome, 273 breakdown of, 776 capacity for translation, 732 conformational changes during

translocation, 342 demonstration in F-met-tRNA

saturation, 190 determination of functional life-

time, 738 doubling of chemical life of, 731

associated with doubling of functional lifetime of, 731

effect of low temperature on syn- thesis of, 258

factor dependent binding and translation of, 288

5' 3' degradation of, 725 for hemoglobin, 579

molecular weight for, 579 forms of, 564 in egg polyribosomes, 721 initiation structure of, 190 length for binding specificity, 272 masked, 717 model for movement of ribosomes

on, 239

number of copies of proteins per, 776

original point of attachment and movement to initiator site, 671

poly UG as model, 301 protected from degradation when

associated with polyribosomes, 564

recognition by ribosomes, 261,270 regulation role of secondary

structure of, 671 reloading of, 737 resistant to degradation, 629 ribosome binding of 5' region and

par t undergoing translation, 682

secondary structure essential for regulation of initiation of pro- tein synthesis in vitro, 671

similarity in activity of poliovirus and f2 phage, 751

specificity for binding to ribo- somes, 803

stability not related to absence of nuclease in cells, 564

mRNA for hemoglobin see a l so aminoacyl transferase

II, nucleotide sequence contains information for specify-

ing amino acid sequence, 619 double-stranded structure in, 619 existence of untranslated regions

between genes in, 628 extraction of, 579-581 great size of, 611 mechanism for direction of ribo-

somes or initiation factors to initiation sites, 621

structure in, 616-619 two different types, 583

mRNA in bacteria, 746 are polycistronic, 746 terminate & reinitiate peptide

bond synthesis, 746 mRNA in insects for adult cuticular

protein, 787 time of translation of, 787

mRNA in mammalian cells are monocistronic, 746 does not terminate & reinitiate

peptide bond synthesis, 746 encodes long polypeptides, 746

peptide bond cleavage as mech- anism, 746

long length, 746 secondary structure of, 564 stability in, 555

mRNA-polymerase complex, 737 two classes of, 737

mRNA synthesis small fraction of total energy of

cell devoted to, 776 mRNA translation

trans-dominant control of, 775 Met-tRNAm, 164

& depression of loop binding, 165 Methylation

of nucleolar RNA species, 536 of ribosomal RNA, 535

Micrococcin as inhibitor of ribosomal function,

85 Misreading

effect of streptomycin on 101, 115 sites, 101 substances producing, 103

Mitochondria, 541 Mitochondria-associated RNA syn-

thesis in eucaryotic cells, 541-545 metabolic stability of different

types, 544 possible connection with mito-

chondria-specific protein an- alysis, 545

Mitochondrial ribosomes subunits of, 210

Monomeric ribosomes, 218 role in ribosome cycle, 218-219

Monoribosomes differences in behaviour in non-

steady & steady state condi- tions, 553

in cytoplasm of animal cells, 547 not involved in recycling, 552 re-enter active polyribosome func-

tion, 553 release and dissociation, 553 run-off or nonsteady state, 553

SUBJECT I N D E X 847

Monosome, 231 relation to mRNA, 231 dissociation of, 231 kinds of, 237

MS2 RNA, 687 amount present in infected cells,

694 Muramyl pentapeptide, 805 Mutagenesis with hydroxylamine,

703 Mutants , t e m p e r a t u r e sensi t ive

(sts) N4 316, 499 affects termination, 502 chain elongation not thermolabile,

501 characteristics of cell-free ex-

tracts, 503 codon specificity of suppression

of, 499 heat lability of, 500 located in gene coding for a non-

ribosomal element, 501 nature of, 502 suppression of 14 nonsense mut-

ants, 499 myosin mRNA, 799

see a lso 26S RNA myosin synthesis, 799

C Fm contains specific factors re- quired for, 801

control by largest class polysomes, 799

N

N-acetylphenylalanyl tRNA bound only to aminoacyl site, 353

nonenzymatically, 355 requirements for translocation,

353, 355 N-ethylmaleimide {NEM), 180,286 N-formyl-methionyl-t RNA (F-met-

tRNA) see a lso GTP attachment to ribosomes, 308 not required for protein synthesis

on cytoplasmic ribosomes, 209 role of initiation factors in ribo-

some attachment, 308 Neomycin

antibiotic mutant resist to, 117 effect on binding of phenylalanyl-

oligonucleotide to ribosome, 406-408

inhibition of ribosomal cycle, 232 transIocation inhibitor, 195

Neomycin B see a l s o DNA

effect on ribosome recognition of messenger, 652

stabilizes amino-acid bound pep- tidyl tRNA

Nicked doub l e - s t r anded DNA chains, 783

Nicotinamide, 781 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

(NAD), 589, 781 participation in biological pro-

cesses, 781 required for inhibition of protein

synthesis in cell-free systems from HeLa ceils and rabbit reticulocytes, 603

role in inactivation of aminoacyl transferase II, 589

9-10 S RNA, 720 found in light ribosomes, 720 functions of, 721 three major species, 721

Nitrotyrosine, 130 Noncapsid polypeptide (NCVP-1),

741 Nonribosomal polypeptide synthesis,

805 Nonsense codons, 517, 736

see a lso Mutants, temperature sensitive, polypeptide chain termination, protein synthe- sis, suppression

and movement of polymerases, 737 association with termination se-

quence, 518 change in suppression of, 519 effect of lengthy exposure, 503 mutants may be slow terminators,

520 suppression by context mut-

ants, 520

Nonsense Codons (cont'd) normal stability of, 737 possible time function of, 518 temperature-dependent suppres-

sion of, 499-502 translation of, 499 triplets

and mammalian transfer RNA from rabbit liver, 490

and universality of genetic code, 491

Nuclear protein, 781 see a lso poly ADP-ribose

enzymatic modification of, 783- 785

Nuclear protein fractions of rat liver nuclei, 781

Nuclease see a lso RNA, ribosomal

inhibition of action by blocking groups, 647

protects bound viral RNA against cleavage, 631

Nucleolar RNA schemes for processing of, 538

Nucleolus Composition & function of, 535

Nucleoside tetraphosphate, 697 Nucleotide sequences, 648

see a l so fragmented RNA, oli- gonucleotide sequences

differences in 5'-terminal region of Qfl RNA, 641-644

folding of, 628 for beginning of coat protein,

synthetase genes and A protein cistron, 626

from tn RNA determined by chem- ical means, 616

genetic information in, 699 heptanucleotide sequences, 700 homology in all 3 fragments of

RNA, 628 identification of true initiator se-

quence of phage RNAs, 621 N-terminal sequence

of A or maturation protein, 621 of major coat protein, 621 of synthetase or replicase, 621

polypurine sequence, 701 allocation to fragments, 701

Nucleotide sequences of 5 '- terminal fragment of MS2 RNA, 697

migration of, 697 Q# RNA, 697

two alternatives, 636, 641 5 ' - terminal of 30-second product,

642 5 '- terminal pancreatic oligonu-

cleotides, 641 40% fragment, 710 fragment corresponding to 5 ' -

terminal region of Qt~ RNA plus strand, 641

fragment from coat protein cis- tron of R17 RNA, 611

fragment T16, 640 initiator fragments, 622 legitimate 5 ' - terminal of viral

RNA, 642 MS2 minus strands, 702 MS2 RNA, 697 native RNA, 711 oligonucleodtide ~, 615 ABC can also code for three

amino acid sequences, 615 R17 A protein, 626 RNA synthesized in vitro, 635 ribosome protected RNA segment,

631-633 initiator fragments, 622 legitimate 5'-terminal of viral

RNA, 642 MS2 minus strands, 702 MS2 RNA, 697 native RNA, 711 oligonucleotide B, 615 oligonucleotides, 640,644 product formed during preincu-

bation, 638 60% fragment, 710 synthetase initiation site, 623,625 synthetase protein, 626 T1 RNase digestion of 30-see prod-

uct, 643

Nucleotide sequences (cont'd) 30 second-product, 644 three ribosomal binding sites,

626-628 3 ' - terminal

of all tRNAs, 697 of tobacco virus RNA, 698

two 5 '- terminal pancreatic oligonucleotides of Qfi RNA, 641

0

Ochre codon (UAA), 513,517 roIe of low efficiency supressors,

518 O-methylthreonine

mechanism of action of, 567-569 effect on n-and B-chain synthesis,

569 Oligolysine formation, 398

with poly A template, 398 Oligonucleotides

chemical modification of, 648 5 '- terminal fragment, 697

Oligonucleotide sequences, 611 see mRNA nucIeotide sequences

Oligophenylalanine chains see a l so translocation

a function of factor G & GTP, 396 formation of, 395

inhibition by fnsidic acid and other agents, 400

P

PAll4A, PAll4B effect on binding of phenylalanyl-

oligonucleotide to ribosome, 406-408

P-hydroxymercuribenzoate (PMB), 286

P-12~I-phenyldiazomethane, 699 P-site, defined, 358 Pactamycin, 216

effect on binding of phenylalanyl- oligonucleotide to ribosome, 406-408

effect on rate of ribosomal sub- unit exchange, 216

Paramomycin and misreading, 103 Patterson synthesis of tRNA, 151,

157-159 Pentagtycine chains of peptidogly-

can, 805 Peptide antibiotics

biosynthesis, 805 Peptide bond formation

see a lso aminoacyl tRNA G factor puromycin reaction translocation

at unique site on the acceptor, 533 catalyzed by peptidyl transferase,

367 catalytic amber of 50 S ribo-

somal subunit, 357 common mechanism in all biologi-

cal species, 373 during translocation, 395 in fragment reaction with 80 S

ribosomes requirement for, 405

resemblance to binding of ami- noacyl-oligonucleotide to ri- bosome, 406

requirement for reticulocyte bind- ing enzyme, 337

ribosome-catalyzed in eucaryotic mammalian and bacterial cells, 369

systems for study of, 360 Peptide chain formation

see a lso Ribosomal subunits elongation phase, 437, 451-453 initiation phase, 437 termination phase, 437

Peptide synthesis no difference in ability of egg and

and embryo ribosomes to sup- port, 718

Peptidyl site translocation of N-acylamino-acyl

tRNA to, 355

Peptidyl transfer inhibitors of, 362

and binding site, 362 Peptidyl transfer reaction

characteristics of, 359-362 Peptidyl transferase, 154,357

see a lso ribosomes a 50S ribosomal subunit enzyme,

487 activity of 50S subunit P and A

sites on, 358 requirements for, 357

and antibiotics, 362 association with peptidyl donor

substrate in protein synthesis, 360

center for, 197, 200 involved in polypeptide chain ter-

mination, 487 location on 60S ribosomal subunit

in human tonsils and yeast, 372 reaction, 200 ribosomal, 475, 476 role in formation of peptide bonds,

439 significant structural differences

between 70S and 80S ribosomes, 374

specificity of alcohol on, 361,364 substrate specificity of, 361

Peptidyl transferase catalytic cen- ters

effect of antibiotics on 80S & 70S ribosomes, 372-374

Peptidy] transferase center of 50S subunits

catalyzer of peptide-bond forma- tion, one per 50S subunit, 364

components of, 364 substrate interactions at, 362

Peptidyl tRNA, 347 see a lso Neomycin

Puromycin Translocation

binding to ribosomal subunits of pre-and post-translocation, 415

50S carrier of, 197 free in vivo, effects of, 493 location of binding site on 50S

ribosomal subparticle, 198-200 release from ribosomes during

their dissociation, 205 retention on 50S subunit, 198 ribosomal site of, 474 transiocation from A- to P- site

before polypeptide chain ter- mination can occur, 485

Performic acid oxidation, 711 Periodate oxidation, 697

borohydride reduction, 702 Phage DNA-dependent enzyme syn-

thesis T4, SP82, 765

Phage fr, 179,190 Phage M12, 190 Phenylalanine racemase, 818

enzyme involved in synthesis of gramcidin S, 825

replaces Component I, 822 Phenyl-diazomethane, 699 Phenylalanyl-oligonucleotide [SH]

Pheoligonucleotide (CACCA- Phe)

binding to ribosomes, 403-406 effect of antibiotics on, 406-408 effect of high magnesium concen-

tration on, 403 effect of potassium, sodium and

ammonia ions on, 406 Phenylalanyl-transfer RNA

(Phe-tRNA), 168 and diphenylalanine formation,

395 binding of, 395, 433 binding to 30 S subunits, 170

and T-factor, 172 effect of T-factor on binding of,

169 reaction with puromycin at D-site,

169 effect of T- and G-factors on,

170

848 S U B J E C T I N D E X

Phe-Pro-diketropiperazine, 822, 824 Phenotypic rescue, 793 Phosphorylated Glu-tRNA GLN,

523 ester of, as intermediate step in

amidation, 524 Polarity, 735

and mRNA degration, 736 and reduction of number of

mRNA chains, 737 and transcript ion, 736

Polari ty gradient a reflection of length of unt rans-

Iatable region to be traversed, 738

Poly A effect on oligolysine formation,

398 Poty ADP-ribose, 783

see a l so homopo]ymer enzyme t rans fe r to nuclear pro-

teins, 783 intranuc]ear distribution of,

783 linkage with nuclear proteins, 783

instability of, 784 Poliovirus genome

single initiation site for, 745 single termination site for, 745 translation of, 745

Poliovirus po]ypeptide derivation, 741 genome encoded on a single, 741 molecular weights of, 744 noncapsid, 741-744 structural , 744

Polypeptide chain elongation see a l so aminoacyl t ransferase II,

chain elongation, streptomycin a t least one fac tor in eucaryotic

organisms involved in, 319 enzymatic hydrolysis, 496 inhibition of, 213

rate in vitro, 113 ribosome participation in, 197 tRNA as a rate limiting factor of,

493 Polypeptide chain initiation, 301

see a l so mRNA, nuc/eotide se- quences, ribosomes, RNA

direct assay for, 660 can take place on a circular single-

stranded DNA molecule, 621, 630

genetic signal for, 619 negative role of secondary struc-

ture, 628 RNA secondary and te r t ia ry

s tructure in, 628 several sites internally in ribo-

some, 621 signal does not require a free 5'-

end, 630 signal does not require nucleotides

a t 3'-side, 630 use of same initiation tr iplet in all

three binding sites, 627 Polypeptide chain termination

see a l s o eodon recognition mole- cules, ethanol, mutants , tem- perature-sensitive, 30 S and 50 S ribosomal subunits, t r inu- cleotide directed formyl-methio- nine release

and relation to nonsense suppres- sion, 499

assay, 469 at nonsense eodons, 499 codons required for, 480 dependent upon presence of a so-

luble factor and a macromoleeu- lar ribosomal component, 488

effect of antibiotics on, 487 genetic alteration, 469 mechanism, 479, 485-487

two events in, 485 premature, 469, 485 ribosomal subunit requirements

of, 485 signals, 469 specificity of terminator codons,

488 steps in, 469 st imulat ing factor (f~, S), 472 stimulation of, 483 substrate, 469, 473

Po]ypeptide chain termination (cant 'd) effect of ethanol on, 474 hydrolysis of peptidyl tRNA

bond, 474, 476 inhibition by antibiotics, 474 models for, 475 ribosomal site of peptidyl

tRNA, 474 sensitivity to puromycin, 473,

476 translocation of peptidyl tRNA

required before, 485 tr iggered by codon UAA, 469

Polyribosomes, 231,255 see a lso Home 50 S RNA, Ribo-

somal subunits, sodium fluoride breakdown into monoribosomes,

522 in cytoplasm of animal cells, 547 metabolism, 231 nascent chain release from, 551 possible site of protein synthesis

in cell, 547 requirements for conversion to

subunits, 256 Polyribosomes in animal cells

see a l so mRNA, nascent chains, polyribosomes, egg; polyribo- samos, light; protein syntheses

prepared in high salt buffers, 717 sharp increase following fertiliza-

tion, 717, 721 parallel increase in rate of pro- tein synthesis, 721

Polyribosomes, egg not limited by t ranslat ion factors

nor initiation factors, 721 Polyphenylalanine synthesis

deacylated tRNA as an ini t iator of, 333

effect on cold sensitivity of ribo- somes, 73

inactivity of nncleoprotein cores in, 44-47

inhibited by anti-G, 413, 415 inhibited by anti-T, 415 interference of non-fitting AA-

tRNA, 191 poly U directed, 40 role of G factor in, 42 role of - P 1 0 particles in, 53 requirements for initiation in re-

ticulocyte t ransfer system, 334 Polysomal ribosomes

not dissociated hy DF, 225 Po]yribosomes, l ight

see a lso 9-10 SRNA, RNA synthe- sis

active in protein synthesis, 718 and synthesis of proteins from

new nuclei dur ing cleavage, 719 dependence on continued synthe-

sis of mRNAs for histones, 720 synthesis of histone-]ike nascent

proteins, 719 Polysome breakdown, 114, 223

mechanism of, 115 Polysome-ribosome ratio, 555 Polysome runoff

relation to "free ribosomes", 224 Polysomes from embryonic chick

muscle, 799 separated into different sized

classes tha t synthesize different cell-specific proteins, 799

Polyuridylic acid (poly U) as a st imulator of binding, 395

Positive control, 768 Procapsid, 741

precursor of the virion, 741 Procapsid proteins

see a l s o noncapsid polypeptides, precursor of, 742

Promoter locus, 753, 758 Promoter mutations, 738 Protein biosynthesis in mammals

see a l so mRNA, nucleotide se- quences, ribosomal cycle, ribo- some 80 S

dependent on anticodon-codon recognition, 619

inhibition by diphtheria toxin, 589, 603

inhibition in reticulocytes, 556 due to decrease in ribosomal

subunits, 556 unfolding of loop structure, 619

Protein chain initiation require- ments for, 274

Protein chain initiation complex formation of, 291-294

Protein dissociation factor (DF) , 223

Protein 50 S gel analysis of, 30, 36 gel pat terns of, 28 identification of, 29 loci of, 83 molecular weights of, 32

Protein-GTP complex factors % and T~ re 7~ired for for-

mation of, 421 kinetics of formation of, 421

Protein P4 responsibility for spectromycin

sensitivity, 95 Protein P7

effect on fidelity of translation, 59 possible locus of, 96 responsible for streptomycin

sensitivity, 96 Protein, P10

functional role of, 53 effect on fidelity of translation, 59 responsibility for streptomycin

phenotype, 51 Protein requirements for

assembly of 30 S ribosomal par- ticles, 54-55

Protein RI role in reconstitution, 66

Protein S, see a lso Release factor, Stimulation factor affects process of termination codon recognition, 486

differs f rom T~, 483 function of, 483

inhibition by GTP, 483 heat lability of, 483 purification of, 483 role in reconstitution, 66 site of action of, 484

Protein 30 S components of, 49-51 exchange reaction functional analysis of, 53-59 gel pa t te rns of, 28, 52 heterogeneity of, 20-22 involved in tRNA binding, 129-

136 loci of, 83

molar amounts of molecular weight of, 17, 32

non-replacement of, 21 reconstitution of, 49 SDS gel analysis of, 27, 34 stoichrometric data for, 19, 33-36

Proteins, ribosomal ~ee a l so protein 50 S, P~econstitu-

tion, protein 30 S acceptor activity of, 553 antigenic properties of, 29 comparison of acrylamide gel pat-

terns, 85 components of, 53-61, 85 electropharesis pa t te rns of, 42 identification of, 25~30, 36 involved in tRNA binding, 129-

136 heterogeneity of, 17-23 27-31, 37 loci of genes of, 78-80, 83 models for, 20-23 molar amounts of, 32 molecular weights of. 17, 31, 37 number of, 25-27 stoichiometry of, 19, 33-36 tryptic fingerprints of, 29

Proteolysis, 741 importance in formation of polio-

virus proteins, 743 Puromycin, 769

and donor site, 168 and formation of a peptide bond,

347 comparison to effect on bacteria]

ribosomes, 370 effect on f ragment reaction of

mammalian and yeast ribo- somes, 370

effect on release of peptide chains, 216

effect on ribosomal complexes, 414-416

effect on ribosomal subunit ex- change, 215-218

effect on ribosomes, 293

Puromycin (cant 'd) reaction with globin peptides, 339 reaction with ribosomes contain-

ing bound ac-phe-tRNA, 353 release of nascent globin chains.

338 requirements for reaction with

phenylalanyl-tRNA, 338 sensitivity of polypeptide chain

termination substrate, 474, 476 t reatment of embryos, 72

Puromycin reaction sce a lso Peptide bond formation analog of peptide bond formation,

401 and G-factor, 171 as a model system to study peptide

bond formation, 357-359 definition in terms of binding and

t ransfer , 405 effect of Phe-tRNA binding reac-

tion on, 170, 458 effect of T- and G-factor on, 170 inhibition of release of tRNA. 461 rapidi ty during peptidyl t ransfer ,

460 same mechanism as peptide bend

formation in protein synthesis, 357

with F-met-tRNA, 360 Puromycin reactivity, 325, 326, 328

reticulocyte TF-II requirements for, 338

R

R-17 amber mutant 40% f ragment R 17 RNA 709-713

initiation site for A protein on, 715

rapid degradation of, 714 loss of polari ty by fragmentat ion,

713, 714 r a m gene, 107,108 Rat liver ribosomes

requirements for binding of, 355 Rat liver ribosomes & ribosomal sub-

unit reaction of various com- ponents with, 354

Reading context see a l so suppression effects with all types of suppres-

sion, 519 favoring chain termination, 517 favoring suppression, 517 importance in suppression, 515-

517, 518 ways in which efficiency of sup-

pression could be controlled, 519

Reconstitution see a lso Ribosomes effect of cold-sensitive mutants on.

70-74 effect of ionic s t rength on, 63 effect of pH on, 64 effect of temperature on, 64. 170 mechanics of, 65 of inactivated ribosomes, ]32 of ribosomal proteins, 49-61 of ribosomes, 63-66, 364 of total proteins and single split

proteins, 96 protein requirements for

ribosomal functions, 57 ribosomal particles, 55

Release factors and peptide chain termination

codons, 480 codon specificity of, 481 composition of, 481 how they part icipate in release,

483 molecular weight of, 471,476 oligonucleotide binding by, 475 purification of, 480 R1,470, 480, 768

controls formation of an in- ducer-protein, 768

phosphorous content, 472, 476 Re, 470, 480, 768

enzyme control by, 768 recognition of terminator tr inu-

cleotides, 481 role in reading chain terminator

signals, 476 specificity of recognition by, 486 subunit s t ructure of, 471, 476

SUBJECT I N D E X 849

Replicative intermediates, 687, 702 associated with ribosomes in in-

fected cells, 687 directed in vitro synthesis of coat

protein, 687 heterogeneous population, 702 occurs throughout polysome re-

gion, 696 structure of, 703

Repression of coat protein, 715 of operon, 725 of translation, 715

Repressor, 687, 725 see a lso coat protein

Repressor-operator complex, 758 blocks enzyme synthesis, 760

Reticulocyte binding enzyme, 331 GTPase activity of, 331 Km (GTP), 331 molecular weight of, 331 transfer of aminoacyl tRNA from

entry to acceptor site, 336 Reticulocyte chain initiator, 315 Reticulocyte ribosome binding sites,

339 three sites: acceptor, donor, en-

try, 336 Reticulocyte ribosomes

mechanism of chain initiation, 313-319

peptide bond synthesis on, 332-343 three binding sites on, 332-343

Reticulocyte TFI I GTPase activity, 331 K~ (GTP), 331 inactivity by N-ethylmaleimide,

331 molecular weight, 331 required for puromycin reactivity,

338 role in translation from acceptor

to donor sites, 338 Ribonuclease, 212

inhibitor of protein synthesis, 212 Ribonuclease T1 hydrolyses, 697 Ribonuclease III , 681 Ribonuclease Uu, 613, 640, 648

digestion products, 617 use in analysis of nucleotide se-

quences in RNA, 648 Ribosomal ambiguity, 101-109 Ribosomal binding

see a lso Ribosomes of deacylated RNA to ribosomes,

334 of phenylalanyl-tRNA, 334

Ribosomal binding sites, 162-165, 322

s ee a l so Binding site, fo_ RNA, nu- cleotide sequences, Ribosomes, synthetase site

absence of requirement of a free 5'-end of mRNA, 670

assignment of, 626 binding of aminoacyl tRNA into

entry site, 340

nature of, 167-195 one sequence for each, 626 preferred at initiation sequence

of coat protein gene, 633 substrate fixation to, 182 tightly hydrogen-bound loop, 619 two sites on f2 RNA, 659 use of a third site, 660

Ribosomal cycle, 212, 231 eonformational changes during,

220-222 in bacteria, 209-213 in eukaryotes, 209 inhibitors of, 232-236 model of, 206, 213 rate of subunit exchange in, 212 universal mechanism for, 218

Ribosomal cycle of mammalian cells, 562

interference with results, 563 main steps in, 562-564 participation of ribosomal sub-

units (40 S and 43 S) in, 562 Ribosomal distribution in aging bac-

terial cultures, 243-251 Ribosomal exchange, 209

mechanism of, 212 rate of, 212, 215

effect of pactamycin on, 216 effect of puromyein on, 216 effect of spectinomycin on, 216 effect of streptomycin on, 217 limiting of, 216

Ribosomal particles, 285 Ribosomal peptidyl tRNA, 347

the substrate in the translocation reaction, 348

Ribosomal proteins, s ee proteins Ribosomal RNA products, encaryo-

tic, 535, 536,579 Ribosomal subunits (RSU), 209

see a l so ribosome analogous functions between cor-

responding subunits of 80 S and 70 S ribosomes, 369

and translation, 215,255 association to form 80 S ribosomes

takes place at polyribosome le- vel during initiation, 562

classes of, 552 compactness of association depen-

dent on functional state, 204 conservation of, 209 derived, 555 distribution of, 255 effect of antibiotics, 215-217 equilibration with 80 S ribosomes,

557 exchange in, 209, 211

mechanism of, 212 rate of, 212, 215

effect of inhibition of protein synthesis on, 212

50S as the carrier, 197 required for chain termination,

485 retention of peptidyl tRNA on

large ribosomal subparticle, 197

40 S, 369 Ribosomal subunit, 40S

in cytoplasmic ribosomes, 211 functions of, 555

in rabbit reticulocytes, 555-562 heterogeneity of, 559 in cytoplasm of animal cells, 547 involved in initiation, 556 involved in recycling, 552 kinetics of entry into ribosomes

and polyribosomes in intact cells, 557

mammalian, 369 native, 307, 555 pool, 209, 213 preparation of, 369 produced during recycling of ribo-

somes in translation and carry out initiation, 561

regulation of, 555 role in peptide chain initiation,

547 role in protein synthesis, 547 7S, 538 70S, 198, 205, 223, 255, 309, 382,

598 60S, 369,371,535, 557 in cytoplasmic ribosomes, 211 slow entry into polyribosomes,

558 stability of association dependent

on functioning, 202-204 IOS, 581-583 30S, 63-66, 282, 485

affinity for some tRNA region, 198

contains dissociation factor, 225

mRNA binding site in, 198 porter of aminoacyl-tRNA, 197 specific chain initiation site on,

291 32S, 535,540 12S, 541 20S, 537 21S, 293,541 26S, 799, 800 two types of small, 559

18S ribosomal RNA in, 559 yeast, 369

Ribosome assembly role of split proteins in, 96

Ribosome binding selective, in initial region of coat

protein gene, 678 to initiation sequence of mRNA,

631 Ribosome, binding to aminoacyl

transferase lI see a lso GTP, Ribosomes by various nucleotides, 429 of aminoacyl-tRNA, 395 of codon specific release factors,

482

Ribosome, binding to aminoacyl transferase II (cont'd)

of phenylalanyl-oligonucleotide, 403

protection of bound segment of viral RNA against cleavage, 631

Tu and T~ factors, 461 two separate sites for RNA, 684 role of initiation factors in bind-

ing F-met-tRNA, 308 Ribosome-bound polypeptides, 347 Ribosome-bound protein in Td-

infected E . coli , 91-94 Ribosome, chicken reticulocyte, 799 Ribosome cluster, 730

rate of movement, 737 relation to serving length of nas-

cent chains, 733 Ribosome cycle

effect of erythromycin, 235 effect of chloramphenicol on, 235 effect of spectromycin on, 235 dissociation from protein forma-

tion due to effect of antibiotics, 235

in antibiotic-treated cells, 238, 240

in E s c h c r i c h i a coli, 240 Ribosome dissociation factor, 224-

228 see a l so dissociation

Ribosome, 80S, 336 Ribosome-free region

rapid decrease in probability of survival, 737

Ribosome gene clustering, 124 l%ibosome genetics, I17-126 Ribosome inactivation, 130

protection from, 131 Ribosome initiation, 707

see Bacillus stearothermophilus Ribosome-initiation factor complex,

311 determines which regions of mes-

senger RNA code for initiation of protein synthesis, 656

interaction with mRNA, 665 recognition of different regions of

mRNA as signals for polypep- tide chain initiation, 656

Ribosome initiation sites and control of differential transla-

tion, 652, 707 Ribosome-messenger RNA complex

binding of polypeptide chain to, 469

release of polypeptide chain from, 469

Ribosome models, 179-195 Ribosome movement, 730

rate along messenger, 730 travel in tightly packed cluster,

73O Ribosome mutations, 117-126 Ribosome polysome cycle

proposed role of DF in, 229 Ribosome reco~:nition

requirements for, 628 Ribosomes, see a lso AA transferase

II, CBA region, mRNA, mono- ribosomes, neomycin, polyribo- somes, recognition, RNA struc- ture (secondary), ternary com- plex and tRNA translation

AAtRNA binding sites, number of, 179

activation of, 20-22 affinity for the several binding

sites, 622 and polarity, 735 asymmetrical structure of, 37 attach to mRNA site signaling

protein synthesis initiation, 655 to internal regions in middle of

mRNA, 670, 735 attachment of polymerase gene

requires a change in RNA structure, 663

binding with AA-Transferase ][I, 601

classes of, 547 specific activity of, 551-553

constant size of pools of, 551 coordinate control mechanism for

production, 415, 417 cycling of action in, 201 cytoplasmic, 209 decoding sites for tRNA binding,

194

Ribosomes (cont'd) dissociation of locking and un-

locking of subparticles, 197-206 division of functional sites, 198 E . coli , 183-187, 189 effect of age and fragmentation

on affinity for several binding sites

effect of kasugamycin on gene lo- cation, 84

effect on tRNA, 126 from human tonsils, 190, 369 heterogeneity of, 17 initiation of, and protein initia-

tion, 655,671 initiation of, site, 670 interaction with substrate, ra t

liver, 347 length of messenger occupied by,

731 mitochondrial, 210 monomeric, 218 muscle, 801 mutated by Spe r, 95 number, proteins in particles of,

77, 82 number, subunits in, 209 number per messenger, 731 peptidyl transferase center of,

2OO protection of mRNA, 733 rate of movement, 731 reconstitution of, 63-74, 364 reduce rate of ADP-ribosylation,

596 reticulocyte, 800 runoff, see a lso polysome runoff,

223, 225 differences with polysomal ribo-

somes, 223-227 stoichiometric requirements for

dissociation, 224 saturation curves of, 183-188 7 initiator sites for, 621 site of tetracycline resistance in,

135 spacing, 731 stability and complexity of, 125 super-enzyme, 357 tertiary structure of, 417, 707

changes during translocation reaction, 417

translocase tight binding to, 417 models for interaction, 348

unique structure, 25-37 yeast, 210

Ribonueleic acid, s ee a lso nucleotide sequences, ribosomes, synthe- tase

chemical modification of, 647-649 cleavage method, 647-649 direct synthesis of 3 proteins, 621 effect rifampycin, 235 5'-end of, 619 5S, in a 43S ribosomal precursor

particle, 141-144 5S, precursors of, 139-141,147 fractionation on basis of mol wt,

779 fragment, 60%, R17 RNA, 709-

713 altered by cleavage of native,

715 contains coat initiation site, 713 contains synthetase initiation

site, 715 has T1 oligonucleotide coding

for amino acids of coat pro- tein, 715

1-1 .binding with coat protein, 715

genetics, 80-84 genome, 621,629 hydrolysis of, 613, 649 number of nucleotides in, 622 polymerase protein, see a l so am-

ber mutation, coat protein, for- maldehyde, ribosomes, and translation, 659, 660, 662,665

ribosomal functional analysis of, 59-61, 82 mapping of cistrons, 81-85 precursor, 535 processing in nucleolus, 531-541 protection from nuclease diges-

tion, 631,678, 679 structure

change during translation of par t of coat gene, 663

850 N A M E I N D E X

Ribonucleic acid (cont'd) governs accessibility of sites for

ribosome initiation and nu- clease at tack, 715 hydrogen-bonded loop struc- tures, 617, 619

secondary, 617, 628, 664, 671, 672

ter t iary, 628, 629, 659, 660, 662 unfolding due to formaldehyde,

665 synthesis, 758,760

plus and minus strands, 635 postfertilization, 720 viral, 5'-3' end, 636

Rifampicin and protein synthesis, 688, 695 and RNA synthesis, 235, 259,688,

695 and RNA polymerase, 727 and transcription, 727, 728

RPA complex, binding, 439, 446, 447, 449

S s a d genes, 69 sodium fluoride effect on protein

synthesis, 553-556 Sparsomycin

blocks elongation in bacterial cell- free system, 562

blocks polysome breakdown by streptomycin, 115

competitive inhibitor of puromy- cin, 401

effect on binding of phenylalanyl- oligonucleotide to ribosome, 406-408

hypothetical scheme to explain ac- tion of, 363

inhibitor of f ragment reaction in bacter ia and yeast, 372

inhibitor of peptidyl t ransferase, 487

inhibitor of polypeptide chain elongation, 213

inhibitor of polypeptide chain termination, 475,481

inhibitor of protein synthesis, 212 prevented polyribosome disaggre-

gation, 561 stimulates substrate binding a t

P-site, 362 Spectinomycin, 216

effect on binding of phenyIalanyl- oligonuc]eotide to ribosome, 406-408

effect on cold-sensitivity in E . col i , 69

effect on rate of ribosomal subunlt exchange, 216

effect on ribosome cycle, 235 inhibitor of protein synthesis, 95 resistant genes, 69, 117 split protein as determinant of

sensitivity to, 96 structure of, 95

Spiramycin III effect on binding of phenylalanyl-

oligonucleotide to ribosome, 406-408

Stimulation factors (a, S) , 472-476 Streptogramin and binding of Phe-

oligonucleotide to ribosome, 406 408

Streptomycin action a t chain elongation, 234 allele crosses with spectinomycin

alleles, 95-99 and misreading of amino acids,

101, 109 and polysome breakdown, 114 and ribosome conformation

changes, 109-111 antibiotic mutant reactions to, 117 as inhibitor of polypeptide syn-

thesis, 51, 109 as a suppressor, 514

of mutations in vivo, 51 bacterial action of, 103,234 distorts the functions of r a m + ,

108 effect on binding of phenylalanyl-

oligonucleotide to ribosome, 406 408

effect on ribosomal subunit exchange, 216-218

Streptomycin effect on ribosome, 115 explanation of lethality of, 234 induces formation of aber ran t

initiation complexes, 218 inhibition of polypeptide

chain extension, 113 inhibition of ribosomal cycle, 232 mode of action of, 113, 116, 216-

218 accounting for ability of cells

to survive cessation of ~)ro- rein synthesis, 242

stimulation of suppression by tRNA suppressors, 103

Suppression, see a lso Reading con- text, Translat ion

as competition between chain ter- mination and AA insertion giv- ing chain continuation, 518

factors influencing efficiency, 515- 517

by fluorouraeil, 513 by mutations, 118, 128 nonsense mutations of, 505 restriction of, 121-123, 125 result of competition between

weak reactions, 519 of rRNA, 541 by ochre suppressors, 514 by streptomycin, 514 secondary of tryptone sensitivity,

511 Suppressor-sensitive mutants, 503 Supressor, UGA, 704 Synthetase, see a lso RNA

initiation of, 669 init iator f ragment , 626, 628 inhibition of, 662 site exposed, 629

T T factor, see Factor T Tail fiber antigens, 794 Terminal sequences, 697 Terminal (T) site, 518 Termination, 237

not directly coupled to initiation by adjacent codons, 628

steps in, 437 types of, 237

Termination codons, 481,485 CpCpA, 697 effect of sequence on termination,

489 rate limiting effect of, altered by

protein S, 484 suppressors of, 486

Tetracycline effect on binding of Phe-oligonu-

cleotide to ribosome, 406-408 inhibition by, 205, 212, 232, 445,

447 resistance to, 134-136

Tetranitromethane, 130 as a probe of ribosome site of

messenger tRNA binding, 136 T4 DNA-dependent reaction results

in synthesis of active lysozyme, 766

T4 enzymes, 763-765 4 types, 766 initiation of synthesis of, 764

T4 mRNA, see Lysozyme and Gluco- syl t ransferase

Tbiogalactoside transacetylase, 753 Transcript ion

and translation, 736 ar res t of, 727 control of, 687 direction of, 702 fixed periodicity of, 729 of DNA with concomitant t rans-

lation of nascent message, 766 of s ta r t signal by polymerase, 737 regulation of genes 22 and 57,796 selective, 766 sequential, 725

Transfer complex (T-GTP-Phe- tRNA) , mechanism of forma- tion, relation to T-GDP, 433

Transfer factors, see a lso G factor, T factor, factors

FIL 327 I (TF-I ) , relation of mammalian

and bacterial, II (TF-I I ) , rela- tion of GTP hydrolysis to, 331

Transfer RNA, 149, 153 acceptance of glutamine, 526 binding sites, 46, 167, 168,416 crystals, 149, 155

growth of, 149-152 hydrat ion of, 156 X-ray diffraction, 152, 155-58

dependent cell-free hemoglobin synthesizing system, 585

different species utilized in t rans- la t ing a- and fl-chains, 587

different species influencing rate of na tura l mRNA, 585

effect of puromycin on binding to ribosomes, 170

genetic alteration of, 505 insect, 787-ff involved in interaction with 50 S

subunit, 362 life cycle of, 154 not required in polypeptide chain

termination, 481 rare tRNA, 791 release from ribosomes, 167, 172,

459 heat labile factor and, 174 G factor, GTP and, 172,461

substrate specificity of heat-labile releasing factor, 175

pyrophosphorylase, 154, 702 structure function relationship,

505 structure of, 153-155,161-176

Transfer RNAs, see a lso acyl- aminoacyl tRNA-protein t ransferase, purification from rabbit liver cytoplasm, 529

glutamine, 521 glycine tRNA structural genes,

508 leu-phe-tRNA-protein t ransfe-

rase, 531 nature of nucleotide changes, 511 phe-tRNA binding, 446, 458

Translation, see a l so amber codon, lysozyme mRNA, monoribo- somes, neumycin, nucleotide se- quences, polyribosomes, read- ing context, ribosomal peptidyl tRNA, ribosomes, RNA, t rans- fer RNA

action of mRNA chain during, 198

amount of ribosomes involved in, 557

and subunit exchange, 215 control of rate by secondary struc-

ture of f~_RNA, 685 control of two c~asses of mRNA in

embryos, 717 de n o v o , of e gene messenger of

T4, 771 differing frequencies of A protein,

coat protein and synthetase pro- tein, 626

dissociation follows, 209, 213 driving mechanism for all polar

displacements, 198 effect of initiation factors on, 285 efficiencies of different genes dif-

fer, 627 genes in f2RNA are not translated

sequentially from 5'-end, 658 in mammalian cells free ribosomal

subunits cannot exchange rap- idly with RSU of ribosomes in- volved in, 562

importance of position of codon in overall nucleotide sequence, 514

increase ~n rate due to increase of a t tachment of ribosomes, 656

initial presence of ribosomal sub- units or 80 S ribosomes not es- sential, 560

initiation of, 261,274 in vitro of f2RNA, 655, 659 model of f2, 659 initiation of peptide bond synthe-

sis during, 746 of adult cuticular mRNA, 787 of amber codon, 676 of bacterial virus RNA, 746 of coat gene and effect on RNA

structure, 672 of lysozyme mRNA blockage of,

774 of mRNA, 285, 729

factor dependent, 288 of poliovirus RNA, 745-747

compared to f2RNA, 747-751

of poly A, 298 of polymerase gene; order of, 659 periodicity, 729-732 possible effect of reduction in con-

centration of a tRNA species on; specific na tura l mRNA dif- ferential slowing of rate of, 588

protein requirements for codons in mRNA, 347

secondary or te r t ia ry s tructure of phage RNA restricts initiation of, 655

size of nucleotide sequence being responded to, 515

steps in chain elongation, 438 Transferase I, 347

aminoacyl tRNA-binding factor, 354

role of, 348 substrate binding factor in t rans-

location reaction, 348 Transferase II, 349, 350, 355, 385,

388 Translat ional repression, 567, 707 Translocase

dissociation of, 355 enzyme in reaction, 348 ribosome interaction reversible,

355 -ribosome peptidyl-tRNA, 349-352 t ight association with ribosomes

isolated, 349, 351 Translocation, see a l so AA-trans-

ferase II, G-factor, GTP, poly- peptide chain termination, ribo- somes, T-factors

active site for, 413 and anticodon checking, 195 and polypeptide chain termina-

tion, 485 and tRNA release, 460 assay in initiation, 180, 350 by reticulocyte TF-II, 335, 601 conformational changes in mRNA

during, 342 coupling with GTP hydrolysis,

390 dependence on S,., fac tor and GTP,

450, 601 effect of Mg, 400 enzymatic, 399 G-factor as catalyzer of, 173, 383,

389, 400, 429 inhibition of 115,180,195, 400,416 initial rate and substrate concen-

tration, 351 model for, 239,341 nonenzymatic, 399 of AA-tRNA from entry to ac-

cepter site, 461 of dipeptidyl-tRNA from acceptor

to donor site, 461 of peptidyl-tRNA, factors T and

G, 416 of phe-tRNA to 3 binding sites,

336 relation of GTPase activity to,

413 release of tRNA from ribosome,

335 requirements, 327, 328, 451 sequence of events, 395, 399

Trimethoprim, 765 trp gene, 725-733 Tryptophan synthetase, 729

A-protein mutation, 505 nonsense mutant , 511 suppressors, 506

TSase fl, 729 Tu-GTP complex, 426 Tylosin, effect on phe-oligonucIeo-

tide-ribosome binding, 406-408 Tyrocidines, 815, 822, 823

V Vernamycin A, 406-408 Viral replicase, see synthetase Viral RNA, see RNA

Y Yeast metabolic stability of ribo-

somal subunits, 209 Yeast mutants defective in protein

synthesis initiation, 317-319 Yeast ribosome subunits, 369-373

preparat ion from 80 S ribosomes, 369

subunit exchange, 210

NAME INDEX 851

A

Abelson, J., 505 Adams, J. M., 261,294,301,513, 611-

620, 622, 628, 629, 631, 635, 644, 655, 656, 670, 683, 711, 715, 774, 793

Adamson, S. D., 218, 547-554, 555, 560-563, 574, 745

Adelberg, E., 40, 117, 463 Adesnik, M., 760 Agner, K., 596 Ahmad-Zadeh, C., 25-38, 117 Algranti, I., 219, 223, 243, 251, 439,

621,670, 687, 695 Allen, B., 27 Allen, D. W., 13, 401 Allende, J. E., 190, 280, 321, 331,

336, 344-345, 377, 382, 385, 386, 395, 419, 420, 424, 428, 433, 438, 440, 484

Alpers, D. H., 732 Amaldi, F., 535 Amelunxen, F., 395 Ames, B. N., 124, 757 Ammann, J., 702 Anderegg, J. A., 100 Anderson, J. S., 162, 180, 228, 261,

277, 291,303,419, 623, 660, 662 Anderson F., 103,481 Anderson, P., 95, 100,113,117 Anderson, W. F., 585-588 Anfinsen, C.B., 2, 753, 756, 757 Annan, M., 760 Antonini, E., 575 Aoki, I., 11 Apgar, J., 8, 395 Apirion, D., 51, 74, 80, 83, 88, 95,

113, 117-128, 212, 216, 231-242, 263,463,464, 499-503

Argetsinger, J., see Steitz, J. Arget- stager

Arglebe, C., 179-196,416 Arima, T., 613, 640, 648,649 Arlinghaus, R., 167, 321, 331, 336,

339,369, 395, 401,438, 595 Armour, S., 37 Arnstein, H. R. V., 580 Asso, J., 741-746, 747 Atsmon, A., 25 Attardi, G., 535 Atwood, K., 125 Aubert, M., 139,140,145 August, J. T., 635, 636, 675, 702 Ayuso, M. S., 369-371,374

B

Baglioni, C., 218, 219, 555-565, 567, 573,574

Bade, E., 219 Bailey, Y., 251 Baker, R. F., 122, 261, 725, 729, 733 Baldi, M. I., 93, 793 Baltimore, D., 560, 721,741-746, 747-

751 Banerjee, A. K., 636, 702 Bank, A., 571 Barash, F., 305 Barnett, L., 479, 514,516, 517, 520 Baron, L. S., 27, 79, 83 Barrell, B. G., 161, 294, 497, 611-

620, 622,625, 629 Baseman, J. B., 595-602, 603 Basilio, C., 51,398,408 Bassel, B. A., 619, 709, 715 Battaner, E., 357, 362,369-375 Batty, M., 343 Bauerle, R. H., 725 Bout, A., 588 Bautz, E. F., 511,774, 775, 793 Beadle, G. W., 124 Becarevic, A., 285 Bechmann, H., 59,125 Becket, D., 61 Becker, Y., 211, 216, 218, 219, 555,

557 Beckwith, J. R., 104, 105, 119, 121,

125,499,502,517, 735, 759, 760 Beerendonk, U., 251 Belitsina, N. V., 206 Bell, E., 717 Beller, R. J., 223-230 Bello, J., 130 Belozersky, A. N., 125 Benzer, S., 118, 119, 514,517 Berberich, M. A., 735 Berg, P., 4, 9, 10, 12, 122, 135, 502,

505, 508, 698, 753

Berg, T. L., 815 Bergmann, F., 159 Bergmann, M., 1 Berkley, P., 722 Bermek, E., 179-196,416 Bernardi, A., 411-417 Bernardi, G., 640 Bertsch, L. L., 698 Beskow, G., 6 Bessman, S. P., 574 Best, J. S., 567 Bhagavan, N. V., 815 Bickle, T.A., 25-38, 117 Billeter, M. A., 294, 564, 619, 621,

635-646, 671,683, 715 Birge, E. A., 117 Bishop, D. H. L., 536, 635, 640, 680,

698 Bishop, J., 211, 377, 395, 547, 556,

789,790 Biswas, 105,106,108 Bizzini, B., 590,591 Bjare, 108 Blackburn, G. M., 406 Bladen, H. A., 736,753 Blake, R. D., 155 Blankson, T., 760 Blessing, J., 655 Blew, D., 396, 509 Bloch, K., 1,815 Blomback, B., 531 Blomback, M., 531 Blum, N., 567 Blumenstock, F. A., 531 Bock, R. M., 17, 38,149-152 Boedtker, H., 500, 611,619,621,623,

663, 671,701,709, 776 Boettiger, 134 Boiron, M., 403 Bolle, A., 91,105, 262, 469,712, 767,

769, 771,773,775,776, 793,794 Bollen, A., 27, 51, 85, 88, 95-100 Bonner, J., 783,784 Bont, W., 331 Bonventre, P. F., 599 Borsook, H., 1-3, 5, 548, 568,571 Borun, T. W., 557, 719 Bosch, L., 751 Bosselaar, A., 751 Bowman, 60 Boyer, P. D., 10 Brachet, J., 1 Braunitzer, G., 567, 574 Braverman, A. S., 571 Brawerman, G., 225, 261, 263, 274,

277, 285, 301, 307-312, 354, 632, 671, 773

Breckenridge, L., 102-104, 234, 241 Breitman, T. R., 568 Bremer, H., 758 Brenner, M., 1 Brenner, S., 91, 119, 199, 210, 463,

468, 469, 479, 485, 486, 505, 512, 517,672,735

Bresler, S., 362 Bretscher, M. S., 162, 231,238, 291,

331, 342, 347, 357, 360, 401, 406, 417, 438, 469, 475, 479, 481, 488, 493, 621, 623, 629, 630, 651-653, 670,675,735

Bretthauer, R. K., 326, 327 Britten, R. J., 74 Brock, T. D., 117, 234 Brody, S., 507 Bromer, W. W., 741 Brot, N., 170,331,382,391,392,395,

401,408, 411,419-431~ 438 Brown, D. D., 139,537, 538 Brown, J., 166, 287, 288, 801 Brown, R., 593, 598, 601 Brownle, 44 Brownlee, G. G., 140, 611-614, 619,

622,625, 640,648,699 Brownstein, B. L., 69, 126 Brun, G., 497 Bruns, G. P., 571 Brunk, C., 520,780 Bruschi, A., 716 Bruskov, V., 343 Bruton, C. J., 161 Buc, M-H., 11 Bucher, N. L. R., 3 Burk, D., 484 Burka, E. R., 564, 576 Burny, A., 579 Bursztyn, H., 44, 173, 262,325, 347,

353, 361, 370, 479 Burton, K., 12, 13 Busch, H., 781,782 Butler, K., 374 Byrne, R., 261,264,736, 753, 768

C

Cameron, H. J., 238 Cammack, K. A., 65,707 Campana, T., 567 Campbell, A., 763 Campbell, L. L., 668 Canelo, E. S., 248 Canfield, R. E., 79 Cannon, M., 144, 167,333 Capecchi, M., 91,120, 121, 125, 175,

261, 301, 313, 469 477, 479, 480, 483, 488-490, 493, 499, 500, 505, 518, 611, 628, 631, 644, 655, 659, 675, 693, 707, 711 714, 735, 773, 793, 797

Capecchi, N. E., 476 Caputo, A., 575 Carbon, J. A., 122, 125,496, 505-512 Caro, L., 126 Carsiotis, M., 740 Caryk, T., 470, 487 Cashel, M., 408 Casjens, S. R., 406 Caskey, C. T., 116, 408,470-473,475,

476, 479-491,499,502,503, 518 Caspersson, T., 1 Castles, J. J., 245 Celma, M. L., 357-370, 374,407, 487,

562 Cern~., J., 358, 361,362,370,375 Chae, Y-B., 285-294, 298 Chamberlin, M., 698 Chambers, D. A., 753-761 Chambon, P., 781-783 Champe, S. P., 118,119, 514,517, 520 Chan, W. M., 134 Chance, R. E., 741 Chang, A. Y., 751 Chang, F., 88, 96, 97, 359,362,407 Chantrenne, H., 2, 579 Chapeville, F., 115, 237, 238, 326,

363,365, 373,439, 493-498,653 Chargaff, E., 125 Chauveau, J., 781 Chen, C., 531 Chen, G. C., 463 Chen, J., 630-633 Chl~dek, S., 362 Chrambach, A., 17, 25, 27, 77 Chuang, D-M., 109-111,220 Clark, A. J., 117 Clark, B. F. C., 150-153, 161-166,

222, 261,291, 301,304,623,655 Clark, J. Jr., 334,343,751 Clark-Walker, G. D., 373 Claybrook, J. R., 536 Clegg, J. B., 317, 571,585 Cognetti, G., 717-723 Cohen, G. H., 717 Cohen, G. N., 142, 725 Cohen, L., 216, 362 Cohen, P. P., 1 Cohen, S. S., 775,793,794 Cohn, E. J., 12 Cole, H. A., 590,591,593 Collier, R. J., 589, 596, 601-603, 606,

609 Colombo, B., 218,219, 228, 547, 553,

555-561,564,573, 574 Comb, D. G., 403 Connamacher, R. H., 246 Connors, P. G., 149-152 Contesse, G., 736, 738 Conway, T. W., 240, 324, 377, 385,

386, 389, 395,472,484, 522, 524 Coolsma, J., 793, 794 Cooper, D., 431,457 Cooper, M., 343 Cooper, S., 687, 692, 703 Coppo, A., 727, 757 Corcoran, J. W., 85, 88 Cormick, J., 742 Cory, S., 161,162 Coulson, A., 619 Cousin, D., 463 Cousineau, G. H., 717 Coutsogeorgopoulos, C., 406,408 Couturier, M., 102 Cox, E. C., 51, 79,102, 111,725 Cox, R., 580,583 Craig, N. C., 540 Cramer, F., 12, 150, 152, 153, 156 Craven, G. R., 17, 18, 25, 29, 37, 66,

77, 100, 129-137, 753, 756, 757 Crawford, I. P., 725 Creighton, T. E., 725 Crick, F. H. C., 4, 6, 9,105, 154,343,

365, 395, 479, 502, 513, 514, 517 Croom, H. B., 234

Cross, 373 Crouch, R., 716 Culp, W., 209, 331-345, 411 Cundliffe, E. 205,232, 236, 243,246,

401,406 Curry, J. B., 505,507, 511 Cutler, R. F., 125 Cuzin, F., 115, 238, 489, 493, 495,

653

D

Dahlberg, J. E., 294, 611,613, 621, 623, 635-646, 698

Daneholt, B., 540 Daniel, V., 362 Dankmyer, H., 355 Darnell, J., 209, 212, 535, 538, 555,

560,563, 564,741,745,750 Das, H. K., 236, 255, 257-259, 407,

408 Davern, C., 210 Davidoff-Abelson, R., 88 Davie, E. W., 6 Davies, D., 150, 152 Davies, J., 27, 51, 59, 79, 80, 85, 95-

103, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 118, 124, 125,362, 373,410

Davis, B. D., 91, 111, 113-117, 216- 218, 223-230, 234, 236, 237, 246, 251,298,564

Dawes, E. A., 63 Dawkins, R. C., 321-330, 411 De Hauwer, G., 733 Delius, H., 23, 25-39, 49, 117, 702 Demerec, M., 117 DeMoss, J. A., 4,238,493 Desmet, L., 102 Deutscher, M. P., 521,526 DeVallet, J., 403 DeVries, J. K., 755, 758, 760,771 De Wachter, R., 611, 621, 635, 636,

641,642, 697-705 Dewey, K. F., 56,246,277-284, 291 Diamond, J. M., 567 Dietrich, C. P., 815 Dillewijn, J., 37 Di Matteo, G. F., 463,468 Dingman, C. W., 536, 614 Dintzis, H., 168,313-319, 569,585 Doctor, B. P., 12,150, 152 Dodd, E. A., 815 Dohan, F. C., Jr., 763-770 D5hring, S., 780 Donner, D., 25, 49 Doolittle, W. F., 727, 735 Doskocil, J., 93, 793 Doty, D. M., 606 Doty, P., 4,284,287, 288,476,801 Dounce, A. L., 9 Dowben, R., 799 Doyle, R. J., 130 Dube, S. K., 161-166, 222 Dubnau, D., 85-89 Dubnoff, J. W. 1,436 Dubnoff, J. S., 301-306 Duijts, G. A. H., 751 Dzionara, M., 25, 49

E

Echols, H., 768 Eckert, K., 179-196, 395,416 Eckstein, F., 382 Edgar, R. S., 794 Edlin, G., 228 Edman, P., 531 Edstrom~ J. E., 540 Egami, F., 613,619,647-650 Eggen, K., 611, 621, 631, 655, 687,

688,707, 716 Eggerston, G., 247, 291,622 Ehrenstein, G. yon, 126, 316, 490,

491,567, 569,575,588 Eigner, E. A., 10 Eikenberry, E. F., 25 Eisenstadt, J. M., 225,247, 261,263,

274, 277, 285, 291, 301, 307, 311, 354, 622, 632, 765

Eiserling, F. A., 515 Ellis, R. M., 741 Ellman, G. 131 Elson, D., 25, 238, 245, 331,357, 368,

401 Emanuiloff, E. A., 540 Endo, H., 122,123 Engelhardt, D. L., 469, 505,628, 632,

659, 660, 675, 687, 693, 703, 707

852 NAME INDEX

Engelhardt, V. A., 11,416 Englander, S. W., 104, 220,221 Ennis, H. 94,243 Eoyang, L., 635, 636 Epel, D., 717 Epstein, R. H., 91, 92, 513-520, 644,

793, 794 Epstein, W., 104 Erhe, R. W, 205, 277, 321, 326-328,

331, 411, 412, 415, 419, 429, 438, 460, 467, 662

Erikson, R., 655, 702 Ertel, R., 321, 331, 377, 382, 395,

411,419-431,435, 455, 457 Espejo, R. T., 248 Estrup, F., 38 Evans, J. E., 125 Evans, R. F., 567 Everett, G. A., 395 Eyring, H., 64

F Fahrney, D. E., 27 Falvey, 373 Fan, D. P., 469, 486, 726 Fanning, T., 129-137 Farber, E., 218 Farber, M., 709,710, 715, 716 Farkas, W., 564, 576 Fasman, G., 109 Favelukes G., 331,395 Favelukes, S., 401 Fedyniak, B., 812 Fehse, A., 195 Feix, G., 635, 641,687 Felicetti, L., 118, 218, 331,388,412,

459, 463-468, 556, 560, 573, 574, 593,601,605

Fellner, P., 37, 73 Felsenfeld, G., 400 Fenwick, M. L., 702 Fernandez-Moran, H., 9 Fernandez-Mufioz, R., 362, 363, 364,

369, 372 Fessenden, J. M., 347,377, 395 Fetherolf, K., 770 Feunteun, J., 139-148 Fiefs, W., 611, 621, 635, 636, 641,

642, 697-705 Finch, J., 150-152 Fischer, E. H., 568 Fisher, J. M., 401, 56%578 Fiske, C. H., 472 Flaks, J. G., 51, 79, 83, 95-97, 102,

111,117, 125 Flamm, U., 567 Flessel, C. P., 236,243 Fluck, M., 513-520 Fogel, S., 17, 25, 29, 30, 39, 49, 51,

77, 78, 86,129 Folkes, J. P., 3,406 Forchammer, J., 69 Forget, B., 139-148, 611 Foulds, J., 505 Fowler, D., 545 Fox, L L., 475, 481,488 Fraenkel-Conrat, H., 583, 698 Franklin, R. M., 218, 223, 235-237,

243-253, 680, 687, 693, 694-696, 702

Frantz, I. D., 1, 2, 3 Franze de Fernandez, M. T., 635,

637 Fredriksen, D. W., 744 Freedman, M. L., 56%578 Freese, E., 511 Freese, E. B., 511 Fresco, J. R., 12, 150, 155, 195,400 Friedman, H., 236, 255-260 Friedman, S. M., 665, 670 Fromageot, H. P. M., 655, 658, 677,

688 Fruton, J. S, 1 Fry, K., 520 Fujikawa, K., 815-826 Fujimura, R. K., 25 Fujimura, T., 781 Fukui, T., 74 Fukuma, I., 167 Fuller, W., 164, 343, 583 Funk, F., 499

G Galasinski, W., 347-356, 411 Gale, E. F., 3, 406 Galibert, F., 139,403 Galizzi, A., 491

Gallucci, E., 486, 517 Galizzi, A., 491 Galper, J., 209 Ganoza, M. C., 469, 475, 476, 479,

481,488, 489, 493 Gardner, R. S., 398, 408 Garen, A. 105, 456, 469, 479, 485,

499, 502, 517, 633,768,769 Garen, S., 768, 769 Garner, C. W., 321-330, 411 Garrick, M. D., 317, 567, 569, 740 Gartner, T. K., 102, 103,517 Garwes, D., 687 Gasior, E., 331,347, 438 Gassen, H. G., 403 Gavin, R., 129-137 Gefter, M. L., 781 Geiduschek, E. P., 91,235, 766, 793,

794 Gelser, J., 694 Georgopoulos, C. P., 768 Gesteland, R. F., 40, 42, 65,105, 212,

262, 291, 292, 299, 499, 500, 611, 619, 621, 623, 628, 629, 658, 659, 663, 671, 675, 683, 701, 707-716, 735, 767,769, 771-780, 793

Gevers, W., 805-813,815, 819, 821 Ghosb, H. P., 198, 291,555, 655 Gierer, A., 7, 547, 579 Gilbert, J. M., 585-588 Gilbert, W., 39, 40, 51,101,109,111,

113, 167, 192, 197, 199, 205, 227, 245, 333, 416, 438, 469, 485, 486, 760

Gilham, P. T., 611,613, 635, 647-650 Gill, D. M., 589, 595-603, 607, 609,

824 Gitlam, I., 396, 509, 521 Gillespie, D., 726 Girard, M., 212, 218, 219, 547, 557,

744,745 Glitz, D. G., 611,621,635 Godchaux, W. III, 548, 550, 558,555,

574, 745 Godson, G. N., 142, 212, 236, 243,

687, 693 Godtfredsen, W. O., 417 Gold, A. M, 27 Gold, L. M., 763-770 GoIdberg, I. H., 169, 216, 246, 362,

401,406, 410 Goldberger, R. F., 735 Goldstein, A., 236, 255, 257-259, 407,

408 Goldstein, J., 473,479-491 Goldthwaite, C., 85-89 Golichowski, A. M., 326, 327 Gonano, F., 585 Gonzalez, N., 219, 248, 251 Goodman, H. M., 125, 294,469, 505,

621,635-646, 701 Goor, R. S., 388, 589, 595, 596, 603,

606, 609, 610 Gordon, J., 190, 280, 303, 321, 330,

336, 382, 426, 431, 433, 435, 440, 443,452, 455, 457, 459, 598

Gorelic, L., 125 Gorini, L., 51, 59, 96, 101-111, 113,

115, 118, 121-123, 125, 220, 234, 241,499,502, 517, 519,520

Gottesman, M., 331, 347, 357, 359, 401, 406, 493

Gott~ieb, D., 805 Gottschalk, E. M., 377-384, 392, 412 Gould, H., 614, 615 Gould, J. L., 689 Goulian, M., 781 Granboulan, M., 744 Grayzel, A. I., 573, 574 Graziosi, F , 468 Green, M. H., 248, 256 Greenberg, D. M., 2, 3,567 Greenberg, R. E., 115,238, 653 Greenshpan, H., 261-275 Grollman, A. P., 240, 372, 632 Groot, N. de, 115, 238, 265, 493, 495 Gros, F., 205,248, 261,263, 264,274,

285, 301, 308, 312, 463, 464, 736, 738, 780

Gross, P. 1~., 71%723 Grossbard, L., 799 Grunberg-Manago, M., 6, 7, 263 Gupta, N. K., 122, 125, 491,505 Gupta, S. L., 630-633 Gurgo, C., 231-242 Gussin, G. N., 125,505, 611,621,628,

655, 675, 703, 707, 711, 713, 715, 716, 771

Guthrie, C., 69-75, 212, 222,231,308, 463

H Haba, G. de la, 401,438 Haegeman, G., 697-705 Haenni, A-L., 129,167,169,200, 205,

216, 237, 321, 326-329, 330, 338, 373, 377, 382, 395, 401, 411, 419, 426, 429, 438, 439, 441, 445, 446, 455-462, 493, 494,497, 662

Hahn, F. E., 401,406, 407 Haines, J., 10, 12, 13 Hall, B. H., 248, 256 Halvorson, H. O., 369 Hamada, K., 372 Hamel, E., 352 Hamilton, M. G., 536 Hammel, C. L., 574 Hampel, A., 149, 150, 153 Hanes, C. S., 1,609 Hansen, A., 85, 88 Harada, F., 12 Hardesty, B., 179, 209, 321,331-345,

347, 411,416, 548, 556 Hardesty M., 343 Hardy, S. J. S., 17-24, 25, 37, 49, 51,

57,100,117,129 Harris, A. G., 2, 5 Harris, J. I., 77, 86 Harrison, A. J., 365 Hartley, B. S., 79,161 Hartman, K. A., 687, 697 Hartman, P. E., 117 Hartmann, G., 258,695,727 Hartwell, L. H., 259, 317-319 Haruna, I., 635, 697 Hasegawa, S., 781,782 Haselkorn, R., 80, 91-94, 119, 126,

235, 685, 773,793-798 Hashimoto, K., 117, 125 Hashimoto, S., 648 Hattman, S., 433-436 Hawthorne, D. C., 317 Hay, E., 535 Hayaishi, O., 603-608, 609, 781-786 Hayashi, M., 248 Hayatsu, H., 398, 510 Hebert, R. R., 687,697 Hecht, L. I., 6, 7, 8, 9, 13 Hecht, N. B., 139 Heck, B. H., 396, 408 Heintz, R., 168, 339, 347, 372 Heisenberg, M., 655 Helinski, D., 505 Heller, G., 183, 184, 194, 357, 369-

375, 395 Helser, T., 95-100 Hendee, E. D., 589, 598, 603 Hendler, R. W., 3 Henshaw, E. C., 547 Heppel, L. A., 245 Herbert, E., 218, 404, 547-555, 563,

574, 745 Heredia, C. F., 369-371,374 Herner, A., 216, 362 Hershey, A. D., 93 Hershey, J. W. B., 56, 180, 226, 246,

261, 277-284, 291, 333, 357, 371, 396, 446,457

Herv~, G., 496 Herzberg, M., 261-275, 285 Herzog, A., 232 Hessel, B., 531 Heywood, J. D., 567 Heywood, S. M., 799-803 Hierowski, M., 232, 246, 395, 406 Higa, A., 726 Hill, C. W., 505-512 Hill, R., 333 Hill, W. E., 23 Hille, M.B., 199, 285, 291, 294, 354,

357, 419,469 Hindley, J., 294,621,635-646 Hiraga, S., 725 Ho, N. W. Y., 613, 647-650 Hoagland, M. B., 4, 5, 6, 9,13 Hodgson, A., 164, 343,583 Hofschneider, P. H., 195, 702 Hogan, B., 212, 218, 219, 547, 555-

557, 563,717-723 Hohn, T., 697 Holeysovskh, H., 577 Holgate, E., 672 Holland, J. A., 742, 744 Holland, J. J., 652 Holley, R. W., 6, 8, 12, 153, 395, 403,

611 HoIlingworth, B. R., 32,708 Holm, H., 809,817 Holmes, E., 599 Holtzer, A., 744 Holtzman, E., 535

Honig, G. R., 570 Honikel, K. O. 595, 727 Honjo, T., 589, 590, 593, 595, 603-

609,781,784 Hoogendam, B. W., 751 Hopkins, J. W., 535, 536 Hopps, H. E., 406 H5rchner, P, 573 Hori, M., 567-569 Horinishi, H., 529-533 Horiuchi, K., 611, 621,655, 675 Horiuchi, S., 768 Horiuchi, T., 768 Horowitz, N. H., 317 Hosoda, J., 794,795 Hosokawa, K., 20, 25, 27, 39, 44, 46,

66 Hotham-Iglewski, B., 236, 237, 248,

249, 687, 693,695, 696 Howard, G. A., 218,547-554, 563 Hsu, W. T., 94 Huang, A. S., 560, 721,741-747 Hubbard, J. S., 527 Huehns, E. R., 574 Huffman, H. M., 1 Hultin, T., 2, 3, 6 Hunt, J. A, 166, 490, 493, 564, 579-

584,751 Hunt, T., 567 Hunter, A., 718, 7t9 Hunter, T., 567 Hurwitz, R., 115, 238, 653 Hutchison, H. T., 318,319 Huxley, H. E., 731

I Iaccarino, M., 12 Ibuki, F., 328, 339, 341, 347, 351,

354, 388, 593 Igarashi, K., 167-177, 411,416 Igarashi, S., 257 llan, J., 787-791 Ilan, K., 787, 788 Imae, Y. 815-826 Imamoto, F., 725-727, 729, 733, 736,

737 Imhoff, J. G., 599 Imura, N., 12 Infante, A. A., 717, 718 Ingraham, J., 74,258 Ingram, V. M., 585 Inoue, N., 377, 385-393,412 Inouye, M., 776 Ishikura, H., 152 Ishitsuka, H., 167-177,387, 411 Ishizawa, M., 122 Iskierko, J., 590 Itano, H. A., 585 Ito, E., 820 Ito, J., 725, 729, 735 Itoh, H., 820, 821 Itoh, T., 25, 74 Itzhaki, R. F., 824 Iverson, R. M., 717 Iwanami, Y., 537 Iwasaki, K., 191,226, 229, 261,273,

285-290, 291-299, 302, 308, 311

J Jackson, J. F., 698 Jacob, F., 91,463,725, 754, 760 Jacob, T. M., 398 Jacobs-Lorena, M., 555-565 Jacobson, M. F., 741-748, 751 Jacoby, A., 102 Jakoby, W. B., 428 Janecek, J., 759 Janin, J., 776 Jardetzky, O., 401,408 Jasnos, J., 803 Jeppesen, P. G. N., 294, 611-620,

622, 629, 715 Jimenez, A., 361-363 Johns, E. W. 782 Johnson, B., 584 Johnston, R. B., 1,815 Joklik, W., 211,216,218, 219, 555 Jones, D. S., 398,506, 510 Jones, R. T., 742 Jordan, B., 139-148 Josse, J., 635 Jost, M., 232,247 Jukes, T. H., 622 Julian, G. R., 238,362, 401,408

K Kaempfer, R. O. R., 23, 93, 109, 167,

209-222, 224, 225, 229, 231, 234, 237,238, 255, 263, 308, 547, 732

NAME I N D E X 853

Kaizer, H., 715 Kaji, A., 167-177, 214,219, 224,237,

248, 329, 331, 369, 387, 395, 399, 411,416, 429, 438,461, 531,533

Kaji, H., 96, 167, 170, 198, 369,395, 438, 531,533

Kalckar, H. M., 1 Kalousek, F., 10 Kaltschmidt, E., 17, 25, 27, 29, 49,

129 Kalyankar, G. D., 815 Kambe, M., 815-826 Kamen, M. D., 2 Kamen, R., 702 Kamiryo, T., 815 Kanagalingam, K., 583 Kanner, L. C., 407, 408 Kaplan, S., 469,479, 485, 512, 517 Karon, M., 567 Kasai, T., 774, 775,793 Kataja, E., 51,101,102, 115, 122 Kate, I., 589, 603,607 Katz, E. R., 479,517, 805 Katze, 644 Kawakita, M., 385-393, 412 Kawano, G., 232, 401,412,467 Kazazian, H. H., 569 Kaziro, Y., 377, 385-393, 412 Kedes, L. H., 717-723 Keighley, G., 568 Keller, E. B., 3, 4, 5, 13,678, 679 Keller, W., 4~0-491 Kelley, D. E., 558 Kelley, W., 218,223,243, 246, 251 Kelly, R. B., 689 Kelmers, A. D., 586, 587 Kemper, W., 484 Kepes, A., 732 Kershaw, M., 305 Kessler, P., 74 Keynan, C., 726 Khorana, H. G., 9, 122, 125, 198,

291,398,479, 505, 506, 510 Kida, S., 725 Kiehn, E. D., 742,744 Kiho, Y., 243 Kim, S-H., 149-152, 153-159 King, J., 94, 794 Kinoshita, T., 115, 232, 331, 372,

373,389,401,412, 467 Kirby, K. S., 7, 579 Kirschmann, C., 115 Kisselev, L. L., 11 Kisselev, N., 343 Kjeldgaard, N. O., 193, 194, 731,732 Klein, H. A., 469-477, 488, 518 Kleinkauf, H., 805-813,815, 819, 820 Klein, E. B., 247, 281,352 Klemperer, E., 400 Klink, F., 347, 367, 377 Klug, S., 83 Knopf, P. M., 557, 560,569 Knight, E., 538, 544 Kniisel, F., 695, 727 Koch, G., 93 Koerner, J. F., 678 Kohiyama, M., 463 KShler, K., 547 Kohler, R. E., 91, 216,218, 219,223,

224, 228, 229 Kolakofsky, D., 56, 277-284, 291,304,

764 Kollin, V., 732 Kondo, M., 247, 263, 291, 622, 623,

631 Koningsberg, W, 333,416, 611,621,

644,675,703 Kopp, E., 383 Kornberg, A., 698 Kornberg, S. R., 763 Korner, A., 212, 218, 219, 547, 555,

557,563 KSssel, H., 238,479,493,495,497 Kovach, J. S., 735 Kraemer, K., 720 Kriimer, W., 179-196, 416 Kreig, D. R., 515 Krembel, J., 88, 117 Kretchmer, N., 115, 238, 653 Kreuzer, T., 179-196, 416 Krisco, I., 598 Kriss, J., 508 Kroon, A. M., 373 Krug, R., 333 Kruh, J., 571 Kucan, Z., 408 Kuff, E. L., 718 Kfintzel, H., 373 Kuo, C. H., 702 Kurahashi, K., 808, 815-826 Kurer, V., 644

Kuriki, Y., 167, 172, 174, 176, 329, 331,385-393, 412, 429,461

Kurland, C. G., 17-24, 25, 37, 39, 49, 51, 57, 58, 77, 78, 82, 91, 95, 96, 100, 110, 117, 118, 123, 130, 133, 135, 220, 579, 636

Kurnick, J., 599 Kurylo-Borowska, Z., 406 Kuwano, M., 95, 122,123 Kvitek, K., 100

L Labanauskas, M., 149-152 Labrie, F., 564, 580, 582, 583 Lacroute, F., 794 Lacy, A. M., 740 Laemmli, V., 794 Lai, C. Y., 531 Laing, R., 535 Lamb, A. J., 373 Lamberti, A., 727, 757 Lamborg, M., 8, 9, 13 Lamfrom, H., 557, 560 Landy, A., 505 Lane, B., 681-683 Langridge, R., 155 Lanka, E., 479 Lanyon, W. G., 581 Lapidot, Y., 115, 238,494 Larsen, C. J., 403 Laskin, A. I., 134 Laskowski, M., 679 Last, J. A., 285,294,469, 479,489 Latham, H, 212 LavalI~, R., 733 Laver, W., 799 Laycock, D. G., 166, 490, 493, 564,

579-584, 751 Lazzarini, R. A., 521,526 Leboy, P. S., 42, 79, 80, 85, 86, 117,

133 Leder, P., 44, 162, 167, 173, 261,262,

277, 297, 303, 321, 325, 326, 328, 331, 347, 353, 357, 361, 370, 377, 381, 400, 401, 403, 404, 411-417, 419, 438-440, 460, 466, 467, 471, 479, 495, 510, 511,661,662

Lederberg, E. M., 103 Lederberg, J., 103 Lederman, M., 753-756,758, 760 Lee, J. C., 633, 647 Lee, L. W., 526 Leeuwen, A. B. J. van, 751 Lehman, I. R., 245, 768,781 Leibowitz, M. J., 529-533 Leive, L., 726, 732 Lelong, J. C., 262, 285, 312, 403 Leng, M., 400 Lengyel, P., 51, 231, 247, 291, 325,

395, 398, 408, 411, 437-454, 622, 630-633,665, 670,765

Lennette, E., 125 Lepoutre, L., 699 Leupold, V., 317 Leutgeb, W., 764 Levin, J. G., 736, 753 Levinthal, C., 456, 726, 770, 776,

794,795 Levintow, L., 522 Lewandowski, L. J., 69, 126 Lewis, J. B., 476 Li, L., 251 Liang, K., 573,574 Liau, M. C., 540 Lielausis, I., 794 Likever, T. E., 21 Lin, S.-Y., 328, 331, 332, 341, 556,

557 Lindegren, C. C., 317 Lindegren, G., 317 Linderstrom-Lang, K., 2 Lineweaver, H., 484 Linnane, A. W., 373 Lipmann, F., 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 126, 166,

169, 174, 205, 240, 263, 279, 286, 304, 321, 324, 329, 331, 333, 338, 347, 352, 357, 373, 377, 382, 383, 385-389, 395, 396, 398, 399, 401, 408, 412, 416, 419-421, 429, 433, 437-439, 455, 456, 459-461, 464- 466, 472, 489, 490, 522, 524, 593, 601, 605-607, 660, 662, 766, 784, 787, 812

Littauer, U. Z., 362 Little, J. W., 781 Littlefield, J. W., 3, 4, 13 Livingston, D., 411-417 Ljones, T., 809, 815 Loekart, R. Z., 694

Lockwood, A. H., 305,433-436 Lodish, H. F., 179,416, 611,621,626-

629, 631, 644, 655-673, 675, 687, 691, 707, 711-715, 735, 745, 747- 751,775

Loeb, S., 88 Loening, U., 535 Loftfield, R. B., 1, 2, 5, 10, 13 Lohrmann, R., 510 London, I. M., 571,573, 574 Loomis, W. F., 3 Loutrel, E., 545 Low, B., 506 Lowry, C. V, 25, 49-61, 167, 199,

212, 222, 224, 263, 291, 308, 313, 354, 547, 555

Lowry, O. H., 782 Lu, P., 255-260 Lubin, M., 463 Lucas-Lenard, J., 111,167, 169, 174,

200, 205, 216, 237, 263, 305, 321, 326-329, 330, 333, 338, 347, 352, 377, 382, 385, 395, 399, 401, 411, 412, 416, 419-421, 426, 429, 433, 438, 439, 441, 445, 446, 455-462, 464,465, 484,662

Lutter, L., 17-24, 37, 117 Luzzato, L., 51, 113, 115-118, 216-

219,231-242

M Maal0e, O., 193,194,731,732 Maas, W. K., 4 McCalla, K., 742 McCarthy, B. J., 74, 652 McConkey, E. J., 535, 536 McCormick, W., 259 MacDonald, R. E., 69,223,243 McGilvery, R. W., 1 McIlwaine, 316-317 McKeehan, W., 331-345,411, 459 MacKintosh, F. R., 717 McLaughlin, C. S., 259, 317 McLennan, B., 681 McMahon, D. J , 794 McQuillan, K., 205, 246, 261, 401,

406 Madden, M. J., 750 Maden, B. E. H., 357, 359, 361, 370,

371,373,401,410,466, 467, 485 Madison, J. T., 12, 395 Magasanik, B., 93,732, 759 Maglott, D., 25, 39-48, 363 Maitra, U., 301-306,433-436 Maize], J. V., 31,471,741, 742, 744,

745, 748, 751 Makman, R. S., 759 Maleknia, N., 567 Maley, G. F., 765 Maling, B., 505 Ma]kin, L. I., 717, 720 Malkin, M., 373,389 Mandel, H. G., 246 Mandel, M., 463 Mandeles, S., 815 Mangiarotti, G., 74, 124, 167, 209,

212, 223, 231, 234, 235, 236-238, 243,263,547, 726

Manor, H., 80 Mans, R. J., 529 Marbais, G., 579 Marcker, K. A., 39, 161-166, 209,

222, 259, 261, 291, 301, 331, 347, 357, 358, 360, 361, 370, 371, 375, 401, 406, 443, 482, 487, 491, 623, 655, 712

Marcot-Queiroz, J., 25, 144 Margolin, P., 725 Marine, P., 727, 757 Markov, G. G., 540 Marks, P. A., 547, 555, 556,564, 571,

576 Marmur, J , 85, 141, 144, 766 Marquisee, M., 395, 403 Marshall, R., 10, 13,101,395,490 Martin, G. S., 463 Martin, J. B., 606 Martin, R. G., 124,199,658,735,757 Martin, T. E., 354,369, 372, 799 Marushige, K., 783, 784 Marvin, D. A., 651 Mason, R. G., 570 Masukawa, H., 115, 126, 331, 372,

389,401,412 Matsuhashi, M., 815 Matsushiro, A., 725 Matthaei, H., 9, 101, 120, 121, 167,

179-196, 198, 369, 395, 416, 657, 673, 747, 773

Matthews, B. W., 156 Matthews, H. R., 615 Mattoccia, E., 118, 463,468, 501 Mauro, E. di, 727, 757 Maxwell, C. R., 560,567-578 Maxwell, E. S., 388,609-610 Mayuga, C., 118, 126,503 Mazner, R., 780 Mazumder, R., 285-290, 291,292 Mazzola, R., 126, 503 Mehler, A. H., 10,521,526 Meier, D., 118 Meister, A., 522, 523,815 Melchior, J. B., 2 Mellamy, M., 760 Mendelsobn, N., 529 Menninger, J. R., 469 Merrill, S. H., 395 Meselson, M., 25, 39, 44, 46, 91,109,

209-222, 225, 231, 234, 237, 263, 365

Messens, E., 697-705 Michels, C., 760 Mickelbank, J., 716,780 Middleton, M. B., 588 Midgley, J. E. M., 17 Migira, V., 195 Milberg, M., 179, 184, 186, 193 Miller, D., 382, 411, 419-431, 455,

457, 483 Miller, J. H., 759 Miller, M. J., 285-290, 291-299,711 Miller, R. L., 586 Miller, R. S., 398 Mills, D. R., 698 Millward, S., 396, 509 Milman, G., 473, 479-491 Minckler, S., 817 Mingioli, E. S., 224 Min Jou, W., 611,635,697-705, 709 Mirzabekov, A. D., 11 Miskin, R., 259,368 Mitchison, D. A., 134 Mitra, S. K., 10, 662, 671 Mitsugi, K., 169, 246, 362, 401, 406,

410 Mizumoto, K., 385-393,412 Mizuno, D., 768 Mizushima, S., 25, 27, 49-61, 100,

123,234 Modolell, J., 113-116,216-218, 234 Moehring, J. M., 589, 596, 601 Moehring, T. J., 589,596,601 Moldave, K., 167, 200, 328,331, 338,

339, 341, 347-356, 369, 377, 382, 388, 395, 411, 438, 446, 458, 460, 591,593, 601,603, 605

MoIemans, F , 699 MSller, W., 17, 25, 27, 29, 77 Monard, D., 759 Monier, R., 8, 13, 25, 117, 139-148,

403 Monod, J., 754, 756, 759,760 M5nkemeyer, H., 195 Monro, R. E., 25, 39-48, 169,197, 199,

200, 246, 281, 291, 331, 338, 347, 357-368, 369-375, 396, 401, 406, 407, 410, 438-440, 457, 458, 460, 466, 467, 475, 482, 485,487, 562

Monroy, A., 717 Montanaro, L., 609 Moore, L. D., 251 Moore, P. B., 17-19, 23, 25, 27, 29,

32, 33, 37, 39, 49, 60, 77, 82, 129, 199, 799

Moore, S., 2 Mora, G., 49 Morell, P., 141,144 Morgan, A. R., 479, 651,652 Mori, K., 815-826 Morikawa, N., 725,727, 733, 737 Morris, A., 401,406, 573,574 Morris, D. W., 493 Morse, D. E., 122, 236,261, 725-740,

776 Mortimer, R. K., 317 Mosteller, R. D., 209, 236, 333, 336,

556, 725-740,776 Meyer, W. A., 717 Mueller, K., 758 Muench, K. H., 502 Mukundan, M. A., 172, 199,228,246 Mfiller-Hill, B., 760 Munro, A., 567 Murray, E., 487 Mute, A., 80 Mykolajewycz, N., 284

854 NAMEINDEX

N Nakada, D., 80, 179, 248, 567, 656,

687, 688, 693, 694,707 Nakamoto, T., 247, 281, 291, 321,

352, 395, 401, 469, 479, 488, 489, 493, 765

Naono, S., 736 Nashimoto, H., 69-75, 463 Nathans, D., 246, 347, 395, 401,438,

611, 621, 655, 656, 675, 687, 688, 691,707, 715,716

Nau, M., 261,277, 303,326, 328, 331, 411,412,419, 467,471

Naughton, M. A., 317 Naylor, R., 647 Neidhardt, F. C., 463,464 Nemer, M., 717,718 Neth, R., 357, 369-375 Neu, H. C., 245 Neubort, 85 Newcombe, H. B., 103 Newman, J., 541 Newton, W. A., 735 Nieman, C., 1 Nirenberg, M. W., 9, 101, 116, 120,

121, 134, 162, 167, 197, 198, 246, 297, 321, 369, 395, 400, 403, 404, 408, 411, 438-440, 466, 470, 480, 484, 487, 490, 495, 499, 510, 511, 521, 522, 526, 527, 588, 657, 736, 747, 753, 773

Nishihara, M., 765, 766 Nishimura, J. S., 815 Nishimura, S., 152, 398, 506, 510 Nishimura, T., 126, 373,389 Nishizuka, Y., 169, 240, 279, 286,

304, 321, 331, 347, 377, 382, 383, 385, 387, 395, 396, 398, 399, 416, 428, 438, 455, 456, 460, 465, 466, 603-608, 609, 781-786

Nohara, H., 6 Noll, H., 179, 210, 218, 232, 247, 332,

339, 373, 417, 579 Noller, H., 25, 37, 49 Nomura, M., 18, 20-23, 25, 27, 39,

44-47, 49-61, 63-67, 69-75, 83, 95, 96, 100, 102, 118, 123, 125, 129, 132, 133, 136, 167, 199, 210, 212, 213, 222, 224, 231, 234, 263, 291, 308, 313, 354, 368, 463, 547, 555

Notani, G., 611,655, 751 Novelli, G. D., 159,529, 531,533 Novelli, D., 3, 4 Nozu, K., 697 Nwagwu, N., 799*803 Nyholm, M. H., 103

0 Ocada, 520 Ochoa, S., 6, 7, 25, 226, 229, 261,285,

286, 288, 291, 292, 294, 298, 395, 408, 469, 502, 611, 621, 655, 687, 695, 747, 749

O'Donnell, J. V., 571 Oeschger, M., 611,621, 687, 688 Ofengand, E. J., 9 Ofengand, J., 12 Ogata, K., 6 Ogur, M., 317 Ohe, K., 632 Ohlsson, B. M., 105, 125 Ohnishi, Y., 123 Ohta, T., 198, 199,232,277, 278,281,

283,291,354,419,485 Ohtaka, Y., 697 Ohtsuka, E., 398,510 Oishi, M., 85 Okamoto, T., 263 Okuno, S., 607, 781 Olivera, B. M., 781 Olson, M. E., 567 O'Neil, D. M., 27, 37, 77-84, 117 Ono, Y., 305, 322,325, 329, 332, 411,

437-454,458,497 Oppenheim, J., 243 Orias, E., 102, 103, 517 Osawa, S., 25, 74, 80, 139, 141, 143,

144, 532 Osborn, M., 31, 125, 471, 499, 500,

667 Osserman, E. F., 533 Otaka, E., 25, 74, 99, 532 Otake, H., 781 Otani, S., 815 Ozaki, M., 25, 27, 39, 49o61, 79, 82,

85, 88, 96, 100, 123,234

P Page, L. A., 109,220, 221 Panet, A., 115, 238 Pappenheimer, A. M. Jr., 589, 593,

595-602, 603,606, 609 Paradies, H., 156 Paranchych, W., 257 Parenti-Rosina, R., 225, 281, 308,

311 Park, J. T., 815 Parmeggiani, A., 191, 192, 377-384,

385,392, 412, 422, 428, 455 Pastan, I., 759 Patel, N., 788 Paul, J., 581 Paulin, D., 238,493-498 Pauling, L., 5, 245 Pavlovec, A., 536, 538 Peacock, A. C., 536, 614 PearIman, R. L., 759 Pearson, P., 25-38, 117 P~ne, J., 538, 766 Penman, M., 545 Penman, S., 212, 259, 535-546, 556,

557, 560 Penswick, J. R., 395 Perry, R., 535,538, 540, 541,558 Person, S., 119, 125, 126, 463,499 Perutz, M. F., 166, 365 Pestka, J., 408, 419 Pestka, S., 101, 167, 197, 198, 199,

200, 205, 232, 246, 328, 331, 347, 359, 362, 369, 377, 395-410, 411, 429,439, 445, 460, 467, 495

Peter, 0., 584 Petermann, M. L., 536, 538 Peters, T. Jr., 531 Peterson, E. A., 3,708 Philbrick, J., 596 Philipps, G., 12, 153,564 Phillips, B. A., 741 Phillips, L., 218, 223, 224, 235-237,

243-253,695, 696 Phillips, S. L., 117-128, 236, 256,

463, 499-503 Piatigorsky, J., 717 Pierson, G., 72 Pifko, S., 88 Pinder, J. C., 615 Pinzino, C. J., 403 Pollet, R., 635 Polmar, S. K., 687 Pontremoli, S., 428 Porges, G. A., 284 Pratt, E. A., 768 Preiss, J., 7 Price, C. A., 25 PuIkrabek, P., 362

Q Quastel, J. H., 787

R Rabinovitz, M., 401,560, 567-578 Racker, E., 390 Raeburn, S., 388, 593, 601,605, 609,

610 Rahmel, G., 195 RajBhandary, U. L., 122, 125, 152,

238,493,495,497, 611,697 Randall, L., 17-24, 37, 117 Randerath, K., 10 Rao, P., 347-356,411 Rao, R. K., 815 Raskas, H., 209, 231,275,354, 558 Ravel, J. M., 10, 167, 190, 200, 280,

281, 321-330, 332, 336, 338, 340, 377, 382, 395, 411, 419, 421, 426, 427, 433, 438, 440, 443, 445, 455, 457, 458, 484, 521,526

Ravenswaay Claasen, J. C. van, 751 Ravin, A. W., 124 Raynaud, M., 590, 591 Reale-Scafati, A., 102, 122 Redfield, B., 395, 401 Reeder, R. H., 781,783 Reeve, F. C. R., 134 Reich, E., 757 Reichmann, M. E., 751 Reisfield, R. A., 86 Rejman, E., 125 Rekosh, D., 747-751 Relyveld, E. H., 591 Remaut, E., 697-705 Remold-O'Donnell, E., 277-284 Reuter, A., 463 Revel, H., 768

Revel, M., 191, 226, 229, 261-275, 277, 285, 301, 302, 308-311, 623, 671,768, 800, 801

Reynier, M., 139-148 Reznikoff, W. S., 759 Ricard, B., 771-780 Rich, A., 149-152, 153-159, 243, 255-

260, 416, 438, 569,799 Richter, D, 347, 369,377 Rickenberg, H. V., 142, 759 Rinaldi, A. M., 717 Rinaldi, G. M., 118, 412, 463-468 Riordan, J. F., 130 Risebrough, R. W., 9 Ristow, H., 547 Rittenberg, D., 1 Robbins, E., 719 Roberts, J., 472 Roberts, N. E., 718 Roberts, R. B., 74, 80 Roberts, W. K., 541 Robertson, H. D., 416, 611,621,627-

629, 655-673, 675-685, 687, 702, 707, 711,714, 715, 775

Roblin, R., 611, 619, 621, 629, 675, 681,711

Roholt, D. A., 130 RSmer, W., 644 Ron, E. Z., 91, 216, 218, 223, 224,

236, 237, 243, 246, 251,564 Rosen, B., 519,520 Rosman, M., 411,419-431 Rosset, R., 59, 96, 103, 106-108, 117,

118,122,123,125,403 Rossi Fanelli, A., 575 Rotheim, M. B., 124 Rothman, F., 520, 768 Roufa, D., 411-417 Rouget, P., 363,365 Rowan, B. Q., 570 Ruben, S., 2 Rubino, E., 722 Rubman, R. H., 768-770 Rudland, P. S., 161-166, 222 Rudner, R., 125 Russell, R., 629 Rychlik, I., 10, 198, 200, 357, 359,

362,401,406, 493

S Sabol, S., 285-290,291-299 Sadowski, J. F., 791 Sakamoto, Y., 815-826 Salas, M., 25, 261,277, 285, 291,294,

298, 306, 339, 469, 494, 502, 611, 747, 749,767, 769

Salser, W., 91, 262, 271, 309, 312, 513-520, 712, 765, 771-780, 793, 794

Sambrook, J. F., 469, 486 Sand, S., 815 Sander, G., 179-196, 416 Sanger, F, 1, 37, 73, 139, 140, 161,

259, 294, 611-620, 622, 625, 629, 631, 633, 635, 638, 640, 656, 699, 790

Santer, M., 38 Sarabhai, A., 199,469 Sarin, P., 13 Sarkar, N., 403 Sarkar, S., 129, 232, 246, 277, 283,

291,445,485 Sashikata, K., 126 Sato, E., 815-826 Sato, K., 725 Schaechter, M., 218, 223, 243, 246,

251,261 Schaefer, L., 630-633 Schaller, H., 651 Sehapira, G., 567 Scharff, M. D., 719 Scherrer, K., 535 Schleif, R., 212, 219, 231,256 Schlessinger, D., 32, 51, 74, 80, 95,

113, 117-128, 167, 175, 205, 209, 210, 212, 216, 223, 231-242, 243, 245, 263, 274, 463, 499-503, 547, 726

Schmid, K., 727 Schneider, J. A., 347, 388, 593,607 Schoefiheimer, R., 1, 2 Schofield, P., 13,153-159 Schramm, G., 7 Schrank, B., 567 Schroeder, W. A., 571,742, 789 Schulman, H. M., 547, 560, 564 Schultz, S., 249 Schwartz, D., 195 Schwartz, J. H., 611,655, 751

Schweet, R., 3, 215, 216, 331, 339, 347, 369, 372, 377, 395, 401, 438, 586

Schweiger, M., 763-770 Scocca, J. J., 765 Scolnick, E., 116, 175, 396, 408, 470,

473, 475, 479-491,493, 499, 502 Scott, J. F., 6, 11, 13 Sedat, J., 779,780 Seeds, N. W., 484 Sekiguchi, M., 775, 793, 794 Sekiya, T., 585 Selvig, S., 717- 723 Serroni, A., 791 Shaeffer, J., 331,369,567 Shapiro, A. L., 31, 32, 471, 744, 748 Shapiro, L., 635 Shelton, K., 334 Sherman, M. I., 109-111,220-222 Shimura, Y., 621,688, 715 Shinohara, 390 Shive, W., 321-330,336, 411 Shoemaker, N., 232, 247 Shorey, R. L., 321-330, 332, 336, 341,

411, 441, 445 Shugart, L., 12 Siekevitz, P., 3,13 Signer, E. R., 104, 770 Silbert, D. F., 735 Silengo, L., 74, 124, 231 Siler, J., 347-356, 411 Sillero, M. A. G., 285-290, 291-299 Silverstein, E., 366-368, 375 Silverstone, A. E., 759 Simpson, M. V., 109-111, 220-222 Singer, Ch., 383 Singer, M. F, 245, 286 Sinsheimer, R. L., 142, 212, 236, 243,

611, 621, 663, 671, 678, 689, 692, 768

Sipalov~, H., 577 Sippel, A., 258 Skogerson, L., 167, 200, 331, 338,

347-349, 351, 353, 354, 369, 382, 388, 411-417, 446, 458, 460, 471, 593, 601, 603, 605

Skoultchi, A., 280,281,303, 321,377, 411, 419, 426, 427, 433, 437-454, 455

Smadel, J. E., 406 Smith, A., 209 Smith, A. E., 491 Smith, C. J., 404 Smith, D. W. E., 735 Smith, E., 408 Smith, F. L., 91-94 Smith, I., 85-89, 139, 535 Smith, J. D., 125, 406, 469, 486, 505 Smrt, 484 Smulson, M. E., 568 Smyth, D., 79 Snoke, J. E., 815 Snustad, D. P., 515 Snyder, L., 727, 757 Sober, H. A., 708 Soeiro, R, 535 Softer, R. L., 529-533 Sokolovsky, M., 130 SSll, D., 231,437, 453, 510 Soll, L., 505 Solomon, A. K., 249 Solomons, I. A., 374 Sommerville, R., 520, 725, 727, 736 Spackman, D. H., 130 Spahr, P. F., 245,286, 291,292, 299,

518, 611, 619, 621, 628, 629, 658, 659, 675, 683, 701, 707-716, 735

Sparling, P. F., 95, 113, 234 Spears, C., 391, 392 Speck, J. F., 1 Sperti, S., 609 Speyer, J. F., 9, 51, 79,395, 398,408,

630 Splegelman, S., 248, 536, 619, 63~,

642, 655, 697, 698, 701, 709, 726, 751

Spirin, A. S., 125, 197-207, 222, 231, 579, 717, 718

Spitnik-Elson, P., 25, 42 Spotts, C. R., 101 Spyrides, G. J., 167, 246, 395, 438 Squires, C., 505-512 Stadtman, E. R., 527 Staehelin, M., 727 Staehelin, T., 25, 39-48, 218, 248,

354,357-368, 369,370,373 Staley, R., 220 Stanier, R. Y., 101 Stanley, A. R., 374 Stanley, W., 17, 25, 225, 261, 285,

298, 301, 307, 469, 502

NAME I N D E X 855

Stanners, C. P., 563 Stavy, L., 718 Stearn, A. E., 64 Steele, W. J., 781,782 Steers, E., 753, 756, 757 Stein, J., 417 Stein, W. H., 2 Steinschneider, A., 583, 698 Steitz, J. Argetsinger, 417, 513,564,

611, 617, 619, 621-633, 635, 655, 659, 665, 667, 670, 671, 682, 683, 715, 748

Stent, G. S., 228, 261,497, 736, 794 Stephenson, M. L., 3, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13 Stern, R., 10 Stewart, M. L., 240, 632 Stone, H. 0., 688 Strand, M., 567, 687 Strauss, J. H., 611, 621, 663, 671,

692, 701 Strauss, N., 589, 598, 603 Streisinger, G., 119, 126, 499 Stretton, A. O. W., 469, 479, 485,

512, 516,517 Strigini, P., 103-105, 125, 517, 519,

52O Strnad, B. S., 77, 83 Strominger, J. L., 815 Strumeyer, D. H., 815 Stuart, A., 611 Studier, F. W., 636 Stulberg, M. P., 12 Stumpp, S., 619 Sturtevant, A. H., 124 Stutz, E., 579 Suarez, G., 246, 395, 401 Subba Row, Y., 472 Subramanian, A. R., 214, 219, 223-

230, 237, 243,251,253, 308,564 Sugimura, T., 781,783 Sugiyama, T., 179, 567, 656, 660,

687-696, 697, 707, 712, 716 Sulser, U., 644 Summers, D. F., 741, 742, 744, 745,

751 Sundarajan, T., 301 Susman, M., 61 Sussman, J., 159 Sutherland, E. W., 759 Sutter, R. P., 349,591 Suzuka, I., 167, 170, 198, 369, 395 Suzuki, H., 751 Suzuki, I., 129 Swan, D., 179-196, 416 Symons, R. H., 362 Sypherd, P. S., 17, 25, 27, 29, 30, 37,

39, 49, 51, 77-84, 86, 117, 123,124, 129

T Tai, P., 74 Takahashi, H., 815-826 Takanami, M., 167, 248, 263, 333,

469, 479, 493, 622, 631, 697 Takeda, M., 671,781-786 Takeda, Y., 113,167 Tanaka, K., 85, 88, 96 Tanaka, M., 385-393,412 Tanaka, N., 116, 126, 170, 205, 235,

246, 280, 305, 331, 372, 373, 389, 401, 412, 419, 429, 445, 460, 467, 662

Tanford, C., 277 Tao, P., 205, 237, 411, 455-462 Tarver, H., 2

Tavin, A. S., 574,577 Taylor, A. L., 118, 506, 512 Taylor, M. M., 37, 77-84, 117, 124 Tener, G. M., 81, 396, 509 Thach, R. E., 56, 129, 180, 198, 232,

246, 261, 274, 277-284, 291, 301, 333, 445,485,488-489,671,709

Thomas, R., 102 Thompson, E. O. A., 531 Thorndike, J., 815 Tigerstrom, M., von, 396, 509 Tinoco, I., 698 Tissi6res, A., 9, 18, 25-38, 49, 117,

205, 644, 707, 766-768 Tocchinni-Valentini, G. P., 115, 118,

412,463-468, 501,727, 757 Tolbert, G., 245, 286 Tomic, A., 94 Tomino, S., 805, 808, 809, 815, 817,

820 Tomlinson, R. V., 81 Tompkins, G. M., 732 Tompkins, R., 116, 408, 470, 473,

479-491,499 Tooze, J., 490,628,660, 703 Torriani, A., 768-770 Traub, P., 17, 20-22, 25, 39, 44-47,

49-61, 63-67, 69, 71, 95, 96, 102, 125, 129, 132, 133, 354, 368

Traugh, J. A., 589-594,603 Traut, R. R., 23, 25-38, 39, 49, 77,

82, 91,117, 129, 169,197, 200, 331, 347, 357, 359, 362, 373, 406, 438, 466, 467, 485, 487

Trostle, P. K., 567 Trotter, C. D., 118,124,506, 512 Truden, J. L., 694-696 Tsolas, O., 531 Tsugita, A., 520, 765, 771, 772, 776 Turnock, G., 69 Tuttle, C., 784 Tyler, A., 717 Tyler, B. S., 717

U Ucer, U., 195 Uchida, T., 613,647-650 Ueda, K., 781-786 UhIenbeck, 0., 476 9525 Cold Spring 2-6 Ullman, A., 753, 756, 759, 760 Umbreit, W. W., 251 Umezawa, H., 126, 373, 389 Urey, J., 520, 780 Uziel, M., 403

V Valentine, R. C., 103,567, 687 Vallee, B. L., 130 Vallet, 518 Vambutas, V. K., 390 Vandenberghe, A., 697-705 Vandendriessche, L., 699 Van der Haar, F., 12 Vanderhoff, G. A., 574 Van der Weld, M., 37 Van Montagu, M., 697-705 Van Styvendaele, B., 697-705 Varricchio, F., 139-148 Vaughan, M. H., 547, 560 Vasquez, C., 291-299 Vazquez, D., 46, 126, 246, 357-368,

369-375, 401, 406, 407, 410, 487, 562

Venetianer, P., 735 Verhassel, J-P., 611,621, 697 Verhoef, N. J., 493 Vermeulen, C., 125 Verplancke, H., 697 Vesco, C., 219, 535-546, 555-565 Villa-Trevino, S., 218 Vifuela, E., 31, 471, 611, 621, 631,

644, 655, 656, 687, 688, 691, 695, 707, 744, 747, 748

Vissering, F., 222 Vodr~zka, Z., 577 Vogel, M., 794 Vogel, Z., 238, 493-495, 497 Vogt, J., 195 Voigt, H.-P., 182, 192 Vold, B., 149, 153, 157 Voorma, H. O., 621, 751 Voynow, P., 17-24, 25, 37, 49,117

W

Wade, H. E., 65, 707 Wagner, E., 535 Wahba, A. J., 25, 226, 229,237, 245,

261, 274, 285-290, 291-299, 398, 408, 469, 502, 671,707, 711

Waller, J.-P., 17, 25, 27, 77, 86 Wang, T., 118 Ward, R., 567, 687 Warner, J. R., 416, 438, 535, 547,

560, 569, 574, 750 Warren, M. L., 116 Warshaw, M. M., 698 Watanabe, M, 675 Waterson, J., 411,437-454 Watson, J. D., 4, 5, 9, 32, 49, 64, 80,

179, 238,321,417, 437, 628 Watts-Tobin, J. R., 517 Waxman, H. S., 571-574 Weatherall, D. J., 317,571 Weber, C. S., 139, 538 Weber, K., 31, 416, 471, 490, 611,

614, 616, 621, 628, 660, 667, 675, 703

Weber, M. J., 238 Webster, R. E., 301, 416, 469, 490,

505, 619, 628, 629, 631, 644, 655, 656, 658, 670, 671, 675-685, 687, 703, 707, 711, 715, 735

Wehrli, W., 727 Weigert, M. G., 469, 479, 485, 486,

517, 520 Weinberg, R., 535-546, 720, 721 Weinstein, I. B., 533, 665, 670 Weisblum, B., 79, 85, 88, 115, 117,

118, 124, 125, 359, 362, 373, 407, 410,585,588

Weiss, J. F., 586, 587 Weiss, S. B., 94 Weissbach, H., 331, 382, 385, 386,

391, 392, 395, 401, 402, 406, 411, 419-431, 443, 452, 455, 457, 483, 484

Weissman, S., 567, 611, 630-633 Weissmann, C., 294, 621, 635-646,

655, 687 Weith, H. L., 611, 635 Wells, R. D., 479, 651 Wettstein, F., 179, 218, 332, 339,

417, 547 White, J. R., 51,102, 111 Whitfield, G., 374 Whitfield, H. J. Jr., 124, 735 Widdowson, J., 29 Wilcox, M., 521-528

Wilhelm, J. M., 685, 773, 793-798 Wilhelm, R. C., 505 Willems, M., 535, 540 Williams, J., 343 Williams, M. K., 574 Williams, R., 760 Williamson, A., 215,216 Williamson, R., 581 Wilson, D. B., 313-319 Wimmer, E., 396, 460, 509 Winslow, R. M., 585 Winterhalter, K. H., 574 Wisseman, C. L., 406 Witting, M. L., 51, 111 Wittmann, H. G., 25, 49, 179 Wittmann-Liebold, B., 179 Witzel, H., 195 Woese, C. R., 83 Wolfe, A. D., 401, 407 Wong, J. T. F., 609 Wood, W. B., 135, 753, 794 Wool, I. G., 354,369, 372,799 Wylde, B., 226

Y Yahata, 520 Yamada, M., 815-826 Yamada, T., 95-100 Yamada, Y., 152 Yamaguchi, H., 246 Yamamura, H., 781-786 Yan, Y., 469, 479, 493, 622 Yanari, S., 815 Yang, P., 372, 799 Yaniv, M., 161,463,464,497 Yanofsky, C., 95, 105, 106, 122, 124,

126, 236, 261, 505-507, 725-740, 776

Yanover, P., 717-723 Yarmolinsky, M. B., 401, 438 Yarus, M., 10, 12, 13,508 Yeater, D. P., 223, 243 Yegian, Ch. D., 497 Ying Chen, B., 408 Yoshihara, K., 781-786 Yot, P., 238,493-498 Young, E. T., 766-768 Young, J. D., 149-152 Young, M. J., 166 Yphantis, D. A., 17, 18, 77, 286 Yu, C-T., 11 Yukioka, M., 815

Z Zachau, H. G., 7 Zamecnik, P. C., 1-16,401 Zamir, A., 238, 259, 331, 357, 360,

368, 395, 401,403 Zamlicki, J., 362 Zasloff, M., 288 Zatman, L. J., 781 Zimmerman, R. A., 103, 726 Zimmerman, S. B., 781 Zinder, N. D., 103, 179, 416, 469,

505, 611, 621, 628, 629, 655, 658, 672, 675-685, 687, 688, 691, 692, 702, 703, 707, 715, 735

Zipser, D., 469, 735, 760 ZS]lner, R., 179-196, 416 Zubay, G., 248, 731, 753-761, 771 Zucker, W. V., 547, 560, 564 Zwick, M., 158 Zylber, E., 535-546