Subject Index

Accumulation pattern 147, 172 vesicles 152

Acer pseudoplatanus 249 Acetabularia 119-125, 128, 129, 131-134,

140, 143, 167, 191, 192, 201, 208, 266, 273, 379, 390, 397 calyculus 129 clifftonii 126, 128 crenulata 126, 129 dentata 121, 131 exigua 131 farlowii 124 haemmerlingi 132 kilneri 129, 130 life cycle 120 major 121, 123, 126, 128 mediterranea 121-124, 126, 127, 129,

132 parvula 126, 128, 129 peniculus 125 polyphysoides 129 ryukyuensis 125, 126

Acetabularoideae 120, 129 Acetobacter 32 Acetolysis 104,361,367 Achlya 270, 275, 286, 289, 397 Achnantes longipes 69 Acid bands 243 Acidification 258 Acid pH 240,241,243 Acid phosphatase 34, 40, 108 Acid polysaccharids 158,219,352,357,

358, 360 Acid secretion theory 232, 242 Acinetobacter 10, 16,20,22 Actin filaments, polymerisation 336

(see also Microfilaments) Actinocyclus ehrenbergii 71 Actinomycin D (AMD) 105, 178, 201,

202 Acto-myosin system 275, 336, 342

(see also Microfilaments) Adhesive sites 110 Aggregation 103, 106, 116

zoospores 110, 111 Alanine 103

Alkaline bands 243 Alkaline phosphatase, activity 38 Allium 333, 336, 339, 341, 344, 368 Amino acid(s) 89, 103, 172,286

composition 249 Amiprophos-methyl (APM) 69, 71, 80-82,

172, 179, 180 cAMP 390 Amph;pleura pellucida 66, 74, 85 Aneuploid chromosome numbers 191, 204 Angiospermae 356, 362 Anisotropic expansion 253 Anisotropic growth pattern 254 Anomaeoneis sphaerophora 68, 71, 74, 80,

82, 84 Antheridiol 270, 286 Antibiotics 148, 180, 226 Antibodies 20, 344 Anti-microfilament substances 336 Anti-microtubule activity 179, 180 Anti-microtubule testing 180 Anti-microtubule substances 148, 168, 172,

178-181,183,253,254,257,258, 291 (see also Microtubule inhibitors)

Antirrhinum 286 Antithamnion 266 Anucleate cells 172, 178, 180, 191, 195-203,

206, 207, 209 Anuclear type of development 173, 178,

202, 203, 206, 209 Apical body 272, 273 Apical cell 302-304, 306, 316 Apical dominance 267 Apical growth 122 Apistonema carterae 46 Applied electric fields 176, 267, 379 Apposition 252, 257 Arabinose 30, 49, 249 Aradiate strain 204 Archaebacteria 4, 9, 11, 19, 23 Architecture, primary wall 253

(see also Primary-wall) Areolae 66, 67, 76-78, 83 Artemisia 360, 365, 366 Aryl sulfatase 34, 35 Asparatate 249

424 Subject Index

Assembly 4, 13, 15, 18, 21 (see also Self-assembly) cell 110, 111, 116 colony 110, 116

Asteraceae 360, 367 Asymmetric cytokinesis 333, 336 ATP 142,289,390 Atrichoblast 267 Attheya 266

decora 70, 71, 76, 83, 85-88 Aulacodiscus argus 71 Autolysis 19 Auxin 242, 247, 248, 250, 287 Auxospore 68, 69, 78 Avena 241, 247, 250, 333, 407

sativa 409 Avenacoside 407

tubules 409 Axial growth 133, 142

in Nitella 251 Axonemes 342 Axopodia, in Heliozoa 312 Azolla 338, 343

pinnata 301, 302, 304,306,308,310-313, 318-320,322

Bacilli 11, 19, 20, 22 cell walls 10

Bacillus brevis 11, 21 cereus 17, 22 coagulans 9 polymyxa 22 sphaericus 6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 17, 20 subtilis 17 stearothermophilus 6, 7, 9, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17 thermodenitri/icans 9

Bacitracin 179 Bacteria 3-23 Baculum 353, 361 Barium sulphate (BaS04) 279, 360 Barley 334, 394, 385, 387, 395 (see also

Hordeum) Basal bodies 39, 40, 105, 106, 109, 323 Base layer 76, 78, 83 Basidiomycetes 290, 291 Batophora 121, 129

oerstedii 121, 127 Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 21 Bellerochea horologicalis 86

malleus 64, 86 yucatanensis 86

Biddulphia biddulphiana 86 mobiliensis 69, 71

Binding sites 16 Binuclear double cells 177 Binucleate cells 105, 191, 195, 196, 197,

203, 207

Bioelectric potential 382 (see also Electric potential)

Biological evolution 23 Biomembranes 162, 183,401,403,405,

406, 407 (see also Membranes)

Biophysics, cell shape generation 254 Biradiate cells 200, 204, 205, 209 Birefringence index 254, 256-258 Blastocladiella 379, 390, 396 Blebbing 105, 108 Blue-green algae 3 Blue light 206, 282, 380, 381, 386, 388, 389 Body scale(s) 47, 48, 49, 50 Botrytis 267 Brown algae 267, 379, 382 Bryophyts 248

Caffeine 180, 338 Calcification 29, 46, 131, 132 Calcium (CaH ) 10, 240, 242, 249, 250, 268,

275, 276, 286, 287, 289, 344, 390, 393, 394, 396, 397, 398

45Ca 395 Calcium, accumulation 394, 395 45Ca, autoradiography 275 Calcium carbonate 27, 45, 46, 132 Calcium, currents 379, 395

gradients 275 inducing polarity 267 influx 395-397

Ca2+ ions mobility 393 Calcium, polar distribution 276 Calcofluor 172 Callase 368, 369 Callose 352, 354, 361, 364, 365, 368, 370

lysis 365 molecular filter 358 secretion 356

Callus tissue 308 Campsis 287 Campylodiscus 64 Canna 360, 365, 366 Cap 120-122, 125, 127, 132, 133, 136,

141, 142 Cap formation 119, 124, 134, 142

(see also Hutbildung) rays 124-132, 141, 142, 143

Capsicum 368 Carbohydrate(s) 9, 90 Carbohydrate scales 115 Carotene 410, 413 Carotene crystals 404, 410 Carotines 352 Carotinoids 103, 114,267,404,408 Carotinoid derivative 104 Carotinoid esters 352, 413 Casein hydrosylate 286

Subject Index 425

Cationophore X-537 A 289 (see also Ionophore A 23187)

Caulerpa 292 Caulonema 267-276, 287, 396, 397 Cell cleavage 358, 370 Cell cortex, specialization 338 Cell differentiation, regulation 116 Cell edges 318, 320, 322, 343 Cell elongation 234-236, 241

(see also Extension) Cell, environmental interaction 21 Cell expansion 231, 250, 253, 306

directionality 250, 253, 257, 259 Cell maturation 250 Cell membrane, receptors 380, 397

(see also Plasma membrane; Membrane recogni tion)

site of electromotive force (emf) 393 Cell, orientation 109 Cell plate 308, 370

alignment 336, 338 formation 338

Cell recognition 402 (see also Recognition; Receptors)

Cell shape, genetic determination 102 microtubules 111 modelling 147, 151, 158 regulation 99, 104, 109 S-layers 23

Cell shaping 310 (see also Cytomorphogenesis; Morpho­

genesis) Cell surface, receptor sites 133

(see also Receptors) Cellulase 172, 271 Cellulose 28, 32, 33, 248-250, 310,

352, 353 biosynthesis 29, 38, 40 deposition 312 microfibril(s) 236, 248, 251, 252, 273, 328, 338, 343

orientation 115, 332, 342 synthesis sites 115 (see also Microfibrils)

orientation 341, 344 synthetase 254, 343

Cell wall, accumulation pattern 149, 174 bacteria 4, 5, 8 formation 108, 143, 195 (see also Primary wall; Secondary wall)

spatial control 311 lysis 270 Pediastrum 99, 104, 105, 112 plates 114 pores 147, 162, 164,215,217,219,222,

224, 226 thickening 396 (see also Wall thickening)

Central mucus porus 222 Central nodule 66, 70-73, 80, 82 Central pore 224, 226 Centric diatoms 64, 66, 68, 71, 76 Centrifugation 147, 148, 172, 176, 196, 197,

198, 200, 202, 204, 268, 269, 279, 284, 290, 291, 360, 362, 370

Centrioles 105, 106, 323 Cephalosporine 180, 226

(see also Antibiotics) Ceratiomyxella 51

tahitiensis 50 Cessation, of growth 234, 239 Chaetosphaeridium 50 Chalmasia antillana 123 Chaotropic agents 8, 10, 16 Chara 231, 242, 271-277, 279, 280,

282-288, 310, 360 male gamete 49

Characeae 231, 235, 242, 248, 275, 277 Charales 29, 41, 51 Charaphyta 248 Chelating agents 10 Chemotaxis 286

in bacteria 286 Chemotropism 286 Chlorella 104 Chloroisopropyl-N -phenylcarbamate (CIPC)

179, 180 Chloronema 281, 282, 285, 391 Chlorophyceae 29, 41, 50, 51 Chlorophyll 404 Chlorophylloids 408 Chloroplast 99, 106, 110, 111, 125, 135, 136,

138,139,141,167,168,196,201, 204,208 (see also Plastids) accumulation 389

Chloroplast, anchoring 151, 152, 183 dislocation 148, 180 effect of antibiotics 148 immigration 151, 152 inhibition of movement 290

Chloroplast migration 119, 138, 139, 148, 150, 151, 172, 179, 180 oscillations 139 rhythm 138, 139

Chloroplast-nucleocytosole cooperation 138 Chloroplast, restitution 148

shape formation 147, 148, 151, 180 separation 151, 152, 166, 180 spreading 151, 152 ultrastructure 119, 136, 137

Chlorotetracycline (CTC) 269, 275, 395, 396 (see also Calcium)

Chloropromazine 407 Choanoeca 50 Choanoflagellates 50, 83

426 Subject Index

lorica te 115 Choleochaete 50 Cholesterol 415

esters 415 Chromoplasts 404, 408, 410, 413

tubules 401, 404, 408, 410, 412, 413 Chromosomes 191, 201 Chromulina 50

placentula 47 Chrysochromulina 28-30, 32, 33, 36,

40,45 chiton 30, 44, 45 erincina 45 hirta 44 mactra 45 megacylindra 45 microcylindra 45 parkeae 44 tenuispina 44

Chrysophyceae 27-29, 41, 47-51, 72, 74, 83, 85, 115

Chrysosphaerella 47 Chymochromes 404 Cilia 342 Ciliates 194 Cinematographic studies 149, 150, 158,

178, 183 (see also Time lapse Cinematography)

CIPC (see Chloroisoprophyl-N-phenyl-carbamate)

Circadian rhythm 139 Citrus 359 Cl- 385 Cleavage 102, 105, 108, 109, 110 Closteriinae 215 Closterium 166

littorale 168 Clostridia 11, 16, 19, 20, 22

cell walls 10 Clostridium botulinum 22

novyi 22 tartarivorum 9 tetani 22 thermohydrosulfuricum 6, 9, 14,

16, 21, 22 thermosaccharolyticum 7, 9, 12,

16, 21, 22 Coated pits 269, 275, 289 Coated vesicles (CV) 53, 156, 157, 163,

272,342 Coccolith formation 46 Coccolithes 28, 45-47, 52 Coccolithophorids 45, 46, 52 Coccolithus huxleyi 46, 47

pelargicus 47 Coelastrum 100, 104 Coenobium 100 Coenocytic algae 266, 267, 282

Colcemid 179 Colchicine 40, 52, 69, 70, 71, 80-83, 105,

106, 111, 178, 179, 196, 232, 253, 254, 256,268,287,290,310,320,322,323, 329, 330-333, 336, 339, 341, 358, 370 (see also Anti-microtubule substances)

Cold shock 196 Coleus 328-332 Colony 100, 102, 103, 106, 109, 112, 116

form, regulation 99, 109 formation 99,100,102,104,108,110,113

triggering 103 growth 103

Collagen 402 Communication, between cells 116 Complex cells 194, 195, 202, 203, 205 Concanavalin A (Con A) 105, 110, 393

fluorescein labelled 11 0 Conjugatae 161, 194 Connexin 402 Continuous light 196, 204 Contractile vacuoles 108 Convoluta roscoffensis 53 Coriphosphin 172 Corn 343 Corona inferior 124-126, 132

superior 124, 125, 132 Cortex 303, 304, 313, 322 Cortical microtubules 168, 310-312,

314,320 Cortical template 183 Corynebacterium hoagii 17 Coscinodiscus divisus 71

wailesii 70, 71, 83 Cosmarium 115, 166, 168, 224

botrytis 168, 216 cucurbita 222 ornatum 226 subcucumis 219, 222, 226

Cosmos 365 Cotton 32, 33 Creep 235-239, 241, 246, 248, 251 Cricosphaera 36, 46 Cross bridges 167, 168

(see also Microtubules) Crystallites 8, 16-19 Crystallolithus hyalinus 47 Crystallization 402 Current, pattern 388, 389

(see also Electric current) pulsis 391

Cutin 362 Cyanobacteria 3, 4 Cycloheximide 172, 178 Cyclosis 272, 274

(see also Cytoplasmic streaming; Proto­plasmic streaming)

Subject Index 427

Cyclotella cryptica 70, 82, 89 meneghiniana 68, 71, 78 nana 71 stelligera 89

Cylindrotheca 64 fusiformis 67, 86-88 gracilis 67

Cymbella 68 Cyperaceae 367 Cyperus eragrostis 315, 322 Cyst 121, 122, 127, 131,141

wall 125 Cysteic acid 249 Cytochalasin B 180, 181, 195, 207, 267, 268,

275, 278, 281, 290, 310, 333, 336, 342 (see also Anti-microfilament substances)

Cytomorphogenesis, chemical influences 147, 175 (see also Cell shaping) hypothetical aspects 148, 181 osmotic factors 148 physical influences 147, 175

Cytoplasmic organelles 210 (see also Organelles)

Cytoplasmic organization 147, 154, 158, 308 Cytoplasmic streaming 125, 136, 138, 141

273, 275, 281, 289, 341, 342 (see also Cyclosis; Protoplasmic streaming)

Cytoplasmic zonation 158 Cytoplasmic units 192 Cytoplasmic vesicles 147, 154, 160, 166, 177

different types 156, 157 ultracytochemical analysis 147, 165, 166

Cytoskeletal structures 181 (see also Microfilaments; Microtubules)

Cytoskeleton 276, 291, 301, 312, 314 spatially-organized 306

D-600 396 Dacthale 179 DAP-reaction 108

(see also Microbodies) Dark vesicle(s) (DV) 154-165, 176, 177,

178, 182, 183, 207 Dasycladaceae 120, 121, 129 Dasycladus 129 Denucleated cells 192, 203, 207, 208 Denucleation 201, 202, 207, 208, 210 Deoxy-sugars 90 Deplasmolysis 174 Deposition 252

microfibrils 253 (see also Microfibrils)

Desmidiaceae 194 (see also Desmids)

Desmidiales 215 (see also Desmids)

Desmidiinae 215 (see also Desmids)

Desmidiology 215 Desmidium 224 Desmids 115, 148, 152, 158, 160, 166, 168,

215-218, 222, 224, 226 Desulfotomaculum nigrificans 9, 19 Deuteriumoxid (D20) 268, 269, 290 Diacylluteine 410 Diatoma vulgare 74 Diatoms 63-97, 114 Diatom cell wall 88

amino acid composition 89 carbohydrates 90 lipids 90 organic component 89 silicious component 89

Dictyosome(s) 106, 108, 116, 143, 154, 156-165, 178, 181, 183, 195,206, 207, 210 (see also Golgi-apparatus) cycle 195,210 distribution 269 information transfer 147, 162, 182 structure 147 switching 181-183 transformation 147, 162, 163

Diethylether 226 Dilations 34, 44, 53 Dinoflagellates 114 Dinophyceae 41, 49 Diploid cells 191, 197-200,202,204,207,

209 Diploidy 200 Dithiothreitol 250 Ditylum brightwellii 84 Division, plane 338

site and plane 306, 310 spatial control 306

DMSO 179 DNA 208

replication 99, 106 Donnan potentials 394 DNP 196

(see also Sodium-dinitrophenol) D20 268, 269, 290

(see also Deuteriumoxid) Double cell(s) 195, 198, 199, 206, 208 Doublet tubules 342 Drugs, inhibiting microfilaments

(see Anti-microfilament substances) inhibiting microtubules (see Anti-microtubule substances) inhibiting protein synthesis 147, 178 inhibiting RNA synthesis 147, 178

Dryopteris 267, 282, 283, 285 austriaca 281 filix-mas 282

Dynein 342 Dynein-ATPase 342

428 Subject Index

EDTA 9,249 Efflux 388, 390, 395 EGTA 9,179 Elastic defO'rmatiO'n 235, 251, 258 Elastic recO'very 239 Elasticity 235 Electric current 275, 276

pO'lar mO'vement 289 Electric field 141, 142, 147, 176, 177,268,

379,391-395,398 Electric membrane pO'tential 382, 393 Electric pO'tential141, 142, 382, 390, 393 Electrical pO'larity 141 ElectrO'chemical gradient 395 ElectrO'mO'tive fO'rce (emf) 393

(see alsO' Cell membrane) ElectrO'n micrO'prO'be analysis 280 ElectrophO'retic mO'vement 394 Elementary fibrils 158, 159, 161 Eleocharis 356, 358, 359, 361, 365 Emiliana 46, 47 EndO'dermis 303, 304, 313, 318, 322 EndO'genO'us iO'nic currents 388 EndO'genO'us rhythm 138 EndO'mitO'tic cycles 267 EndO'plasmic reticulum (ER) 34, 52, 74, 78,

99, 105, 114, 143, 154, 158, 161, 164, 182, 183, 271, 272, 280, 332, 355, 356, 361, 370 blebs 164 cell wall fO'rmatiO'n 108 lipid glO'bules 415 tubules 358 vesicles 356

Endosperm 308 EndosymbiO'sis 69 Endymion 359 Epidermal cells 303, 304, 306, 332, 333 Epilobium 360, 365 Epitheca 64, 65, 87 Epithemia zebra var. saxonica 72, 74 EPTC 179 Equisetum 267, 380, 391, 392

limosum 391 variegatum 391

EthanO'I 147, 177,226 Ethidium brO'mide 178 EtiO'plasts 407-409 Euastrum 166, 222, 224

bidentatum 226 denticulatum 220, 222, 226 insigne 222 oblongum 224

Eudorina 106, 111 Euphorbia 258 Exine 352, 353, 358, 367-370

malfO'rmatiO'ns 369 pattern 360

ExO'cytO'sis 27, 40, 269, 271, 273, 274, 280, 282, 286, 289, 360, 404 GO'lgi vesicles 396, 397

Extensin 30, 249 ExtensiO'n 238, 239, 246, 247, 251

(see alsO' Cell expansiO'n) EyespO't 413

Facies 192 change 191, 194, 198-200,203, 204,205

Feedback 19,202,208,209,288,292 Fern 267, 273, 282, 290, 291, 302, 318, 354 Ferritin 14, 15, 19, 20, 40 FerrO'us iO'ns 240 Filaments 78, 80-82

(see alsO' MicrO'filaments) Flagella 44, 47, 48, 103, 105, 108-110,

112, 115, 133, 134, 276, 342 Flagellar hairs 48 Flagellar micrO'tubules 108 Flagellar scales 47-49, 51, 53 Flagellates 27-62, 413 Flat vesicles (FV) 115, 147, 156-164, 175,

181-183 (see alsO' SecO'ndary wall fO'rmatiO'n) dislO'catiO'n 176 helical striatiO'n 159, 160

Flavins 267 Flip-flO'p 406, 407 FluO'rescamine 276 FluO'resceine transpO'rt 274 FluO'rescence gradient 275 Foraminifera 69 FO'rmative divisiO'ns 302-304 Fructose 105 Frustule 64, 66-69, 89 FucO'idin 271 FucO'se 30, 90 Fucus 267, 271, 379, 380, 382, 391, 392, 394

in/latus 391 serratus 391

Funaria 267-271, 273-276, 287, 290, 391, 392, 396, 397 hygrometrica 267, 391

Fungal hyphae 272-274 (see alsO' Hyphae)

Fungal spO'res 267 Fungi 50, 51, 273 Fusarium 290

GalactO'se 30, 49, 90, 249 GalacturO'nic acid 49, 90, 105, 249 GalvanO'trO'pism 170, 392 Gametangia 131 Gametes 121, 122, 133 Gamma irradiatiO'n 202

(see alsO' IrradiatiO'n)

Subject Index

Gap junctions 402 Gasteria 354 Gene expression 104, 114, 116 Generative phase 119, 122, 141 Genetic code 192 Genetic determination 126 Genetic information 18, 208, 370 Genotypic variation 194 GERL system 40 Germination 267

pores 367, 369 rhizoid 380, 385, 396

Gerontoplasts 413 Gibberellic acid 250 Girdle (cingulum) 64, 65, 67, 87, 88 Glucan 38, 353 Glucan-mannan-polymer 104, 105 Glucose 30, 90, 105, 152, 170-172, 174,

175, 226, 287 cellulose fraction 249 radioactively labelled 176

Glucuronic acid 90 mannose sulfate (GMS) 90

Glusulase 181 Glutamate 249 Glycine 103, 365, 368 Glycocalyx 360 Glycolipids 404, 405 Glycoprotein 9, 21, 110, 343, 364 Golgi apparatus 31, 35-41, 45-53, 99, 106,

108, 115, 271, 274 (see also Dictyosomes) scales 28, 50

Golgi complex 147, 161 Golgi cysternae 269, 273 Golgi system 148, 162, 164, 176, 181,

182, 183 (see Golgi apparatus)

Golgi vesicles 74, 75, 80, 108, 115, 133, 269, 270, 271, 274, 280, 282, 287, 289, 292, 342, 354, 355, 357, 358, 360, 366 accumulation 396

Gomphonema parvulum 66, 71, 87 Gougerotin 178, 179 Gram-negative bacteria 4, 7-11, 15, 19,20,

364 Gram-negative cell walls 4, 5, 9, 16, 22 Gram-positive bacteria 3, 7, 11, 13, 15, 16,

19,21,22 Gram-positive cell wall 5, 8, 9 Grana 135, 137 Graptopetalum 322 Graviresponse 277-280, 284, 285 Gravitropic curvature 277, 278, 280, 281,

283,284 Gravity 269, 277, 282, 292, 379

perception 280 Griseofulvin 179, 196

Growth, pattern in Nitella 252 physics 233 regulators 318 substances 287

Guanidin hydrochloride 8, 11-13, 15 Guard mother cell 333, 334, 336, 338

(see also Stomatal guard cells)

H+ ions 385, 387, 389, 394, 396 gradients 267 influx 390 ionophore CCCP 389

3H-glucose, incorporation 246 3H-uridine 140 Haemanthus 342 Hair(s) 120-128, 132, 142, 143, 274 Hair, morphogenesis 143

scales 48 whorls 121-136, 143

Halicoryne 132 Halobacteria 11, 19 Halobacterium salinarium 9 Halosphaera 48, 49 Haptonema 44 Haptophyceae 28 Hautung 151

(see also Primary wall, shedding) Heavy water 268, 269, 290

(see also Deuteriumoxid, D 20) Hecht'sche Faden 172

(see also Plasmatic strands) Helianthus 241,359,368,369 Helleborus 359 Hemicellulose 248-250, 352, 355 Herbicide SAN 9789 413 Herbicides 179 Heterocapsa triquetra 49 Heterokont algae 49 Hexagonal lattice 7, 8 Hordeum 333, 379, 386 (see also Barley) Hormone gradients 379 Hutbildung 208

(see also Cap formation) Hydrodictyaceae 100, 116 Hydrodictyon 100, 104, 111

africanum 257 Hydrolysis 105, 142, 143 Hydrolytic enzymes 105, 270 Hydrostatic abutment 183 Hydrotropism 286 Hydroxyproline 30, 249 Hymenomonas 47

carterae 36, 46 pringsheimii 46

Hyperhaploid cells 204 Hyphae 396, 397

(see also Fungal hyphae)

429

430 Subject Index

Hyphal wall 271 Hypohaploid cells 204 Hypotheca 64, 65, 87

IAA oxidase 287 Imantonia 44 Impatiens 311

noli-tangere 410, 413 Influx 388, 390, 395 Information transfer, via dictyosomes 147,

162, 164 (see also Golgi apparatus)

Inosine diphosphatase (IDPase) 106, 108 Instructed morphogenesis 402

(see also Template) Intercalary band 64, 87 Interstriae 66, 82 Intine 352, 353, 366, 367 Intracellular architecture 183 Intracellular gradients 120, 140 Intussusception 247 Ion exchanger 249 Ion fluxes 344 Ion gradients 379, 380 Ion, polar movement 289 Ionic conductivity 380 Ionic currents 379, 385, 386, 390, 393, 398

self generated 379, 382, 387, 393 Ionophore A 23187268,276,289,396

(see also Cationophore X-537 A) IPC (see Isopropyl-N-phenylcarbamate) Ipomoea 360, 365 Irradiation 191, 381, 386, 388, 389

(see also Gamma irradiation) Isogametes 120 Isopropyl-N-phenylcarbamate (IPC) 111,

179, 235, 237, 254, 255, 258, 259, 320, 330, 336, 341 (see also Chloroisopropyl-N-phenyl­

carbamate; CIPC) recovery 258

Isotropic expansion 256 Isthmical pore system 222, 224, 226 Isthmus 149, 151, 152, 154, 166, 167, 170,

174, 192, 195, 196, 202, 205, 206, 222 band of microtubules 166-168 (see also Microtubules)

K+ 380,385,391,393 (see also Potassium) gradient 267, 379, 394

Karyoide 161 (see also Dictyosomes)

Kinetochore 323, 342

La3+ 396 Lactobacilli 10

Lactobacillus brevis 10 casei 10, 17 /ermentum 10, 22 plantarum 10

Lagenisma 274, 291 Large vesicle(s) (LV) 154-158, 161-165,

172, 176, 177, 216, 217, 220 Latex vessels 258 Lattice 5, 6, 11, 12, 14-16, 20

faults 7, 8, 18, 21 orientation 16, 17 pore 22

Lectin 110 binding sites 343

Lepidium 379, 387, 397 Leucine 103 Light 103,282, 292, 379 Lilium 286, 289, 356, 358-362, 366, 370,

379, 383-386, 391, 394, 397 longi/lorum 285, 392

Lindane 179 Lipid, bilayers 405, 406

biosynthesis 362 droplets 99, 108 globules 401, 413, 416 polymerization 364, 365 secretion 362-364 self assembly 401, 403, 404, 410 413 415

Lipids 90, 362, 365, 366, 403, 404' , amphipolar 404 apolar 404 structural 405

Lipofuscin granules 404 Lipoids 352 Lipopolysaccharide 4, 5, 20 Lipoprotein 5, 352, 364

particles 415 Liposomes 405 Liquid crystals 405

(see also Mesophases) Liverworts 362 Lorica 50, 115 Localization 393, 398 Lophocolea 353, 362 Lutrol 152, 172 Lysosomes 162, 272, 404 Lysozyme 8, 13, 22

Macromolecules, motion 342-344 Magnesium 396

(see also Mg2+) Magnetic field 295 Magnetotropic response 285, 286 Mahonia 361 Malformations 147, 174, 175, 178, 180 Mallomonas 47

caudata 78, 80, 83 Mallomonopsis 47

Subject Index 431

D-mannitoI178, 181 Mannose 90, 105, 249 Mannoside components 110 Marchantia 364 Mastigonemes 48, 49 Mastogloia 64 Matrix 248

polymer 248 MBC 179 Megaspores 350, 351, 354, 358, 359, 363, 366,

367, 368, 370 Megasporocytes 354 Meiocytes 352, 356, 358 Meiosis 353, 354, 356 Meiospores 352 Melosira granulata var. angustissima 89

nummuloides 67, 68, 71, 84, 86 varians 68, 70, 71, 85 roeseana 71

Membrane(s) 206, 207, 210, 332 (see also Biomembranes)

Membrane, channels 380, 382, 393 differentiation 34 flow 33, 34, 164, 287, 344, 407 fluidity 143 internalization 275 morphogenesis 343 morphogenetic information 162

Membrane particles 254 distribution 176, 177 (see also

Rosettes) Membrane, pattern formation 181

potentials 141 proteins 286 pumps 380, 382, 393 receiving sites 51 (see also Receptors) recognition 164, 181, 182,216,226,275 (s~e also Recognition)

pattern 181 template 181

recycling 40, 49 tubular transformations 407

Mercaptoethanol 180, 202 Mercury inflation 236, 238 Meristems 302, 328 Merophytes 302, 304, 306, 316 Mesophases 405

(see also liquid crystals) nematic 401, 405, 406, 408, 410, 414 smectic 405, 406

Methanogenic bacteria 4, 19 Methionine 176 Methylation 273 Mg2+ 240, 249

(see also Magnesium) Micelles 405

Micrasterias 38, 80, 115, 147, 148, 150, 151, 156-158, 161, 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, 174, 176, 178, 180, 181, 183, 191-197, 200, 201, 206, 208, 209, 210, 266, 290, 323, 343, 392 americana 162, 166, 172, 174,204 crux-militensis 163 denticulata 115, 149, 150, 152-154, 156-162, 165-167, 171-177, 201, 216, 220, 226 /imbriata 204 papilli/era 172, 174 rotata 152, 166, 175,200,201 sol 200, 201, 203, 204 thomasiana 152, 200, 201, 204, 205, 222

var. notata 198,200,201,204,226 torreyi 198, 200-204, 206 truncata 174

Microbodies 99, 108, 158 Micrococcus radiodurans 10, 21 Microelectrodes 382 Microfibril, bands 158-160, 164, 182

rotation 253 Microfibril synthesizing apparatus 160 Microfibrillar, alignment 252, 254, 256, 259

arrangement 257 Microfibrils 27, 29, 44, 115, 216, 220, 237,

248, 250, 251, 259 (see also Cellulose) formation and orientation 161, 182,

252,258 synthesis 154, 158, 181

Microfilament(s) 80, 160, 167, 168, 182, 183, 195,206,207,210,273,279,333, 343, 344,402 antagonists 336 (see also Anti-microfilament substances) associated with microtubules 167, 273 (see also Microtubules-Microfilaments­

Complex) moving the nucleus 290

Microsomes 416 Microspectrophotometric analysis 106 Microsporogenesis 358 Microtubule inhibitors 69, 71, 80-83

(see also Anti-microtubule substances) Microtubules 40, 52, 69, 80-83, 99, 106,108,

109,111,148,151,167,168,179,180, 181,183,195,196,204,206,207,210, 254,301,302,312,314,315,318,319, 328-330, 333, 338, 340-344, 358, 366, 367,402 alignment of microfibrils 253, 254 associated with mitochondria 273 associated with plastids 273 associated with the nucleus 273, 291 axonemal 106 binding factors 332

432 Subject Index

Microtubules, bridges 167, 168, 308, 312, 328, 338, 342, 344 (see also Cross bridges) cell shape 99, 111 cortical 106, 109 cortical girdle 109 distribution 111, 115,269 isthmus band 166-168 links 166, 168 (see also Microtubule bridges) -micro filaments-complex 166-168 (see also Microfilaments associated with

microtubules) near the plasmalemma 106-109, 166, 167, 273, 328, 343 nuclear migration 151 (see also Nuclear migration) nucleation 320, 322 nucleating sites 316, 318

Microtubule organizing center (MTOC = MC) 80-83, 109, 111, 112, 116, 168,254, 310, 314, 318, 323, 343

migration 168 Microtubules, orientation 313, 322

phragmoplast 338 preprophase band 291, 306, 308, 310, 311,

31~ 31~ 32~ 32~ 334, 338, 34~ 356, 358

role in exocytosis 40 self assembly 403 systems 147, 166, 168

Microvilli 276, 366 Migration target 19 Mitochondria 133, 158, 208, 210, 362

distribution 269 Mitosis 99, 100, 102, 106, 111, 194, 205,

208-210, 290, 291 Monosomes 140 Morphogenetic determinants 344 Morphogenetic movement 336 Morphogenetic substances 133, 134 Morphogenesis, light effects 282

(see also Blue light; Light; Red light) Morphogenesis, nuclear control 191, 200,

202,209 Morphological units 191, 195, 198, 201, 203,

204, 205, 209 Morphopoietic function 23 Motility, role in morphogenesis 344 Mougeotia 282 Mucilage 115

(see also Slime) secretion 271

Mucopolysaccharides 360, 364, 365 Mucor 286 Multinet growth 232, 252-254, 256 Multinucleate cells 195 Multipolar growth 266

Multivesicular bodies 272 Mung bean 343 Murein 4,16,19 Muramidasis 13, 22 Murus 353, 362 Mutagenic effects 203 Mutation 204 Mycetozoa 50 Myofilaments 402

Na+ 385,393 (see also Sodium)

Na/K-pump 142 Navicula pelliculosa 65-67, 72-91 N avisolenia aprilei 44 Negative plasmolysis 172, 174 N eostrephtotheca subindica 86 N ephroselmis gilva 48 Neurospora 396 Neutral polysaccharides 10,216, 357, 360 Neutral sugars 248-250 Nexine 353, 362, 366 Nitella 50, 231, 232, 234, 238, 240, 241, 242,

244-253, 255-258, 266, 342 axillaris 233, 243, 248 clavata 244 flexilis 249 opaca 249, 250

Nitzschia alba 69, 72, 74, 85 angularis 89, 90 brevirostris 89 putrida 69 thermalis 89

N ocodazole 179 i Nucellus 370

Nuclear anchoring 147, 151, 166 Nuclear control, decrease 200, 202

morphogenesis 191, 192, 195, 198, 200, 202,209

Nuclear division 150, 161, 163, 170 (see also Mitosis)

Nuclear influence, on ultrastructure 191, 206 Nuclear membrane 105, 156, 157, 164 Nuclear migration 147, 150, 151, 167, 168,

172, 179, 180, 183, 290, 333 (see also Microtubules)

recovery 180 Nuclear quantity 195, 196 Nucleating sites 403 Nucleation crysallites 16 Nucleation surface 16 Nucleic acids 202, 314, 403 Nucleo-cytoplasmic exchange 156, 157 Nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction 191, 208 Nucleo-cytoplasmic relationship, morpho-

genesis 191, 209 N ucleocytosole 138

Subject Index 433

N ucleosomes 402 Nucleus 99, 105, 111, 116, 122, 134, 136,

137-140, 142, 151, 154, 156-158, 164, 166-169,172,173,179,180,182,192, 194-196,198,201,202,205-210 dislocation 180 positioning 291 role in morphogenesis 133, 134 splitting 195, 201, 204

Nystatin 180

Ochromonas 51, 111,266 tuberculata 76, 85

Oenothera 286, 354, 367 OH- efflux 390 Ohmic potential 394 Oil bodies 364 Oils 362 Oleates 407 Onagraceae 360 Oocystis 115 Oomycetes 51 Opal 64, 85 Operculum 365, 369 Orbicules 367 Ordered subunit hypothesis 252, 253 Organelles, distribution 105, 109, 110

141, 176 (see also Cytoplasmic organelles) polar arrangement 271, 273

Organic casing 65, 67, 85, 86, 88, 89-91 Organic layer 66, 86-88 Organic wall (valve) 67-69, 86 Organophosphorus herbicide 179 Osmiophilic bodies 108, 114 Osmium reduction 166 Osmoregulation 236 Osmotic changes 69 Osmotic values 147, 152 Osmunda 267 Oxyrrhis marina 49

Pandorina 106 Papain 22 Papposphaera lepida 45, 46 Paramoeba eilhardi 50 Paraphysomonas 47, 50

vestita 48, 78 Parasitic fungi 286 Pattern formation 119, 120

bioelectric 119, 141 models 119,143 regulation 102, 143 turgor-reduced cells 147, 168

Pavlov ales 44, 46 Pea internode 247

stem 248

Cen Biology Monographs, Vol. 8

Pectin 87, 154, 172, 181,248-250, 352, 355

Pectinase 172 Pectin carboxyl groups 240 Pectin, synthesis 250 Pediastrum 99,100,102,104,111,112,

115, 116 biwae 110 boryanum 100-104, 106, 108, 110-113 duplex 105 simplex 100, 101, 104, 108, 112, 113 tetras 108

Pelvetia 267, 379, 385, 386, 391, 392, 395, 396 /astigiata 391

Penicilline G 180 Penium spirostriolatum var. amp Ii fica tum

160 Pennate diatoms 64, 66, 68, 70-72, 80 Peptidoglycan 4, 5, 8,10,15-17,19,

22,23 layer 14

Perfusion experiment 246 Pericycle 303, 304, 306 Periodic acid-silver methenamine 31, 35,

39 Periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver

proteinate 355, 357, 359 Perizonium 68 Permeability 21, 22, 148, 405, 407 Perturbed growth 253, 254 Petunia 368 pH

bands 243 bending pattern 242 gradien ts 241

Phaeodactylum tricornutum 65, 67, 68, 74, 84-89

Phaester 47, 50 pascheri 47

Phalloidin 336, 342 Phaseolus coccineus 249 Phenol red 242, 243 Phenotypic variation 194 Phenyl-a-naphtylamine 180 Phleum 311, 333, 343 Phloem 266

parenchyma 303, 304 Phosphatase

activity 166 enzymes 108

Phospholipase 22 Phospholipid 4, 5, 404, 405, 415 Photoreactivation 206 Photoreceptor 267

pigments 282 Phototactic movements 162 Phototropic response 282, 283, 285

28

434 Subject Index

Phragmoplast 306, 318, 322 Phragmosome 306 Phycomyces 282 Phycoplast microtubules 109 Physarum 379, 386

polycephalum 390 Physcomitrium 282 Physical stress 370 Phytochrome 282 Pilobolus 282 Pinus 359, 360-362, 365 Pinnularia maior 72, 78, 80, 83, 84

viridis 80, 83 Pisum 333 Placoderm desmids 215 Plaques 106, 112-114 Plasmalemma 74, 76, 85, 86, 88

(see also Plasma membrane) controlling spatial location 338 function in morphogenesis 343, 344 pattern 115, 142 synthetases 290, 291

Plasma membrane 154, 158-161, 164, 167, 168,177,181-183,216,217,219, 220 (see also Cell membrane) architecture 115 enzymes 23 microfibrillar synthesizing complexis

38 particles 160, 161 (see also Plasma membrane rosettes) pattern 115 regulation of polarity 356 rosettes 147 (see also Rosettes) shape formation 177 specific sites 115 template for wall pattern 112, 114

Plasmatic strands, Plasmataue 148, 151 Plasmochromes 404 Plasmodesmata 192, 304, 353, 367 Plasmodium 386, 390 Plasmolysis 19, 69, 70, 78,148,174,175,

292 pattern 147, 172

Plasmoptysis 178 Plastic deformation 235, 237, 238, 251,

258 Plastids 133

(see also Chloroplast) differentiation 304 distribution 269

Plastoglobules 413 Plate scales 45, 47 Platymonas 48-50, 52

convolutae 53 tetrahele 49

Pleurochrysis 27-30, 32-41, 44, 45, 49, 51,52, 115 scher//elii 28, 29, 31, 46 (see also Pleurochrysis)

Pleurotaenium 224 minutum 222

Ploidization 195, 209 Poaceae 367, 369 Podocarpus 353, 366 Podophyllotoxin 179 Polar growth 268, 287 Polar transport, electrophoretic mechanisms

275 Polarity 119, 120, 122, 132-134, 266, 267,

271,289,292,312 callose deposition 354 chemical gradients 120, 132 development 120 Golgi apparatus 34 induced by polarized light 267 initiation 266, 369, 370 inversion 134 molecular 314 shift 312

Polarization 289, 392, 395 Polarized light 281, 282 Polarotropic growth 281, 282 Polarotropism 282 Pollen 379, 385, 392, 394 Pollen aportion 368 Pollen grain(s) 114,267,270,383-386,

391 formation 349, 362

Pollenkitt 352 Pollen sterility 368

tube(s) 266,271,272,274-276,285-287, 289, 291, 354, 356, 383, 385, 392, 395, 397

Polyeder, life cycle 99, 104 Polyenzyme complexes 402 Polyethylenglycol 400, 152, 172 Polygalacturonase 249 Polygalacturonic acid 249, 250 Polymerization 273

center 34-36 Polymorphism 65 Polypeptide chain 201 Polypeptides 9, 18 Polyphysa 125 Polyploid cells 192, 198, 209 Polyploidy 194

(see also Polyploid cells) Polyribosomes 140 Polysaccharide(s) 28, 30, 31, 33, 39, 40, 49,

50, 90, 110, 136, 137, 165, 248, 249, 273, 352, 361, 403 granules 135-137 synthesis 38

Subject Index 435

Polysomal configurations 114 Pore apparatus 219

formation 150 Pore

distribution 215, 216, 220, 224, 226, 360 field 222 formation 147, 150, 156, 157,215, 216, 226 function 215 openings 215, 220 pattern 219 plugs 216, 217 systems 215, 222, 224, 226 types 217, 220, 222, 226 vesicle(s) (PV) 156, 157, 164, 182,216, 217,220 vesicle membrane 216, 226

Porenhof 219 Pores 115, 147, 164, 166, 370

different values 218 Porous plates 66, 76, 78 Posttelophase nucleus 166, 168, 180 Potassium 240

(see also K +) Poteriochromonas 115, 266 Prasinocladus 48 Prasinophyceae 27, 29, 48, 49-53, 115 Prepattern 150 Pre-xylem 319, 320 Primary nucleus 121, 122 Primary wall 147, 150, 154, 162, 167, 170,

172, 176, 178, 215-217, 220, 328-330, 332, 341,343, 352, 366 accumulation pattern 147, 168, 170,

172, 178 cross-lamellar pattern 252 formation 147, 150, 151, 156, 158,

166, 183 material 161, 168, 170, 172, 174, 181, 207 secretion 172 patterned growth 115 (see also Pattern formation) shedding 150, 151,215,217,219

Primary xylem 328 Primexine 352, 358, 360, 368

matrix 361, 364, 365 Primoline 361 Probacula 361, 362 Procollagen 402 Prokaryotic cell 3 Prolamellar bodies 401, 407-409 Pronase 11, 22 Prong(s)

forming sites 112 emergence 111 in Pediastrum 99-101, 103, 105, 106, 109, 110-113, 116

Proteases 250

Protectum 361, 365 Protein 4,5,20,22,30,50,91, 138, 142, 183,

249,314, 352, 360, 364, 366, 367,402,415 crystals 21 in scales 33 membranes 3, 4, 21

Protein synthesis 140, 183,201,202 inhibitors 172, 178

Proteolysis 11, 17 Proteolytic enzymes 11 Prothyllakoids 408 Protists, non-algal 27, 29, 41, 44, 50 Protochlorophyllide reductase 408 Proto filaments 308, 314, 328 Proton binding capacity 245, 246 Proton microprobe 397

analysis 275 Proton

pump 245 secretion 247

Protonema 270, 273, 274, 282 Protons 240-242, 245, 247 Protoplasmic adhesion 172, 174 Protoplasmic strands 170, 172, 174 Protoplasmic streaming 180, 181, 183

(see also Cyclosis, Cytoplasmic streaming) Protoplast 69, 105, 106, 343, 344

differentiation 102 Protosporopollenin 352, 361 Prymnesiophyceae 27-30, 36, 41, 44-46,

49, 50 Pseudomurein 4 Pteridophyta 356 Pterosperma 49 Puccinia 286 Puromycin 178,201,202 Pyramimonas 48, 49, 52

tetrarhynchus 48, 49, 52 Pyrenoids 106, 108,200

Quadriradiate cells 200, 209

Radiolarians 72, 83, 85 Radish 311 Raphe 65, 67, 71-75

fiber 82 fissure 66, 80, 82 ribs 66, 73, 80, 82

Reattachment 10, 15-18 Receptors 181, 275, 380, 402

blue light 282 Concanavalin A 393

Receptor sites 133 Recognition 51, 53, 116

(see also Membrane recognition) sites 110

Recrystallization 3, 11, 18, 20

28*

436 Subject Index

Recycling 40, 275 Red light 389 Regeneration 141, 142,391 Regular array 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 16,20,23 Resin beads (spheres) 238, 255, 281, 283, 287,

288 Rhabdonema 64 Rhamnose 90, 249 Rhizodermis 267 Rhizoid(s) 120, 121, 126, 128, 131, 133, 134,

136, 137, 140, 267, 268, 272, 274-285, 287, 288, 360, 380, 382, 385, 386, 390-392, 394-396

Rhizoplast 318 Rhizosolenia 64 Rhythmic pattern 139 Ribes 359, 361 Ribonuclease 180 Ribosomes 19, 105, 138, 140, 164, 182,201,

208, 210, 402 distribution 119, 138, 139 intracellular migration 140

Riccardia 353 Risitual bodies 404 RNA 140, 182, 183,201,203

precursors, radioactively labelled 140 synthesis, inhibition 270

RNase 201, 208 RNP particles 402 rRNA, radioactively labelled 140 Rod-containing vesicle(s) (SV) 156, 157 Root cap 388

cell division 308 hairs 267, 270-276, 287, 291, 303, 304, 311,312,320,322,384-386,395,397 meristem 329 primordium 301

Roots 379, 384-387 acid and alkaline zones 244

Rosa rugosa 410 Rosettes 115, 147, 154, 158-161, 164, 176,

181, 182,343 (see also Plasma membrane particles) lattice 160 .

Saltatory movement 273 Saponins 407, 408 Scale(s) 27-29, 31-35, 37, 39, 40, 44, 45,

47-51 biogenesis 27, 28, 33 cellulosic 29, 115

Scale formation 27, 41, 44, 45, 49, 51-53 Scale forming organisms 27, 40, 41-43 Scales, intracellular 48

phyletic significans 27, 50 silicified 115 structure 29 synthesis 51, 52

Scenedesmaceae 100, 116 Scenedesmus 100 Schizochytrium 50 Schizophyllum commune 291 Scrobiculae 222 SDS 9,11 Secale 368, 369 Secondary nucleus 122, 125, 127, 141,208

migration 141 Secondary wall 115, 147, 154, 158, 159, 16~,

167, 168, 172, 175, 182,201,206,209, 215-217,219,220,226,327-333,341 deposition 312 formation 147, 150, 151, 156, 157, 159, 160, 162, 164, 172, 176, 178, 182, 327, 328, 338 malformations 147, 174 micro fibrils 156, 157 templates 160 (see also "Flat vesicles")

Secondary wall thickening 328, 330, 338, 342

Secretory vesicles 271-273, 291 (see also Golgi vesicles)

Selaginella 358, 362, 366 caulescens 350, 355, 359, 363 helvetica 351 martensii 356

Self assembly 3, 11-13, 16, 18,401, 402, 405, 407, 408

Self organisation 402 Septa, spore development 349, 352, 356,

357 Septum 147, 152-154, 181, 195, 196,

202,210 Septum formation 147, 150, 152, 154, 156,

157, 162, 166, 168, 170, 171, 177, 181, 196,198,201,206,207,216 prepattern 150 ultrastructural aspects 153

Septum growth, velocity 170 Septum initial pattern 147, 168, 170, 171,

178, 181 Septum, template function 177 Septum vesicle(s) (SEV) 153, 154, 156, 157,

162, 181, 182, 183 Serine 91 Sexine 353, 364-366 Sexual reproduction 100,286 Shape formation

applied electric fields 176 microtubules 179

Shuttle vesicles 156, 157, 161, 164, 182, 183 (see also Transitorial vesicles)

Sieve elements 303, 304, 308 tubes 354, 356

Silene 359

Subject Index 437

Silica 27, 47, 64-68, 83-85, 89, 104 deposition vesicle (SDV) 72, 74, 75,

76-78, 80, 85-87 lemma 72-79, 83, 85-86, 90, 115 microfibriIs 83, 84 scales 68, 78, 80, 83 spheres 83-85

Siliceous costae 115 Siliceous frustules 114 Silicic acid 64, 69, 90, 91 Silicification, mechanism 90 Silicon 64, 69, 83, 88-91

transport vesicles 84 Silk 402 Sinapis alba 415 S-layer 9 (see also Surface layer)

molecular sieve 21 patterns 16 permeability 21 protomeres 9, 19 self assembly 7, 16, 18,21 subunits 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18,22 synthesis 19

Sliding 342 Slime

excretion 162, 166,215 (see also Mucilage) material 154, 156, 157, 161 transport 219

Sodium 249 (see also Na+) Sodium 2,4-dinitrophenol 180

(see also DNP) Softening 240 Sorastrum 100, 111 Sorghum 354, 359, 365-368 Sorodiplophrys 50 Sphaerocarpus donnellii 282 Sphaleromantis 47, 51

marina 47, 78 tetragona 47, 48, 78

Spherical cells, in Nitella 253, 255, 257 (see also Nitella)

Spherosomes 416 Spermatophyta 359 Spina 353 Spindle

apparatus 336 microtubules 356, 370 (see also Microtubules) plaques 323 phragmoplast 336 rotation 336, 338, 342, 344

Spiral microfibrils 29, 31-33, 36-38, 40, 44 Spirillum anulus 10

metamorphum 20 putridichonchylium 10, 16, 21 serpens 10, 16, 21

Spitzenkorper 272

Sponges 72, 83, 85, 161 Sporangiophore 282 Sporangium 353, 369, 370 Spore

morphogenesis 356 mother cells 349, 352, 353, 355, 356, 360, 361, 362, 365, 367-370

Spores 100, 114, 267, 268, 270, 282, 287, 349, 353, 365, 366, 368, 369, 379, 380, 390, 391, 392, 396 polar organization 358

Sporoderm 349, 352, 353, 358, 359, 367-370 lipids 362

Sporogenesis 103, 349, 367-370 control 369

Sporogenous tissue 353, 354, 369 Sporolation 390, 396 Sporopollenin 104, 114, 115, 352, 361,

364-367, 369 Sporosarcina urea 21, 22 Stalk 120-122, 125, 126, 128, 129,

131-136, 140, 142, 143 growth 120

Staminal hairs 291, 322 Staphylococcus aureus 17 Statolith 269, 272, 273, 277-280, 284,

285 vacuole 280

Staurastrum 224 arachne 224, 226 scabrum 226 teliferum 222, 226

Stentor 194 Sterility 368, 369 Sterol lipids 406 Stiffening 240 Stomatal complex 333, 334

formation 336 Stomatal guard cells 322, 327, 332, 333,

338-343 (see also Guard mother cell)

Stomatal pores 312 Stored growth 174 Strephtotheca tamesis 86 Streptomycin 180 Stress 235-238, 241, 248

pattern 250, 288 Striatella unipunctata 87, 88 Struthiopteris filicastrum 285 Subcellular morphogenesis 401, 402 Suberin 362 Subsidiary cells 333, 334, 336 Subsilicea fragilarioides 67, 86 Subunit bonding properties 8 Sulfolobus acidocaldarius 9, 11, 19 Surface layer 3-11,13-18,20-23

(see also S-layer)

28**

438 Subject Index

S urirella 64 calcarata 69 ovalis 70, 80 peisonis 70, 71, 82

Syncrypta glomerifera 48 Synura 47, 51

petersenii 48, 51, 74, 78, 83 sphagnicola 47, 48, 78

Synuraceae 51

T abellaria 64 Tapetum 349, 353, 354, 367-369 Tectum 349, 353 Teichoic acids 4, 10 Teichuronic acids 4 Telolysomes 404 Temperature 143, 200

shape formation 147, 175 Template 115, 402, 403

(see also Plasma membrane) for secondary wall microfibrils 160 formation 182 realization 160, 182 transfer 160

Tensional stress 287, 288 Tetmemorus 224 Tetrads 352, 356-359, 363, 365 Tetragonal lattice 7, 8 Tetraploid cells 200 Thalassiosira eccentrica 64, 66, 67, 69, 71,

76-84 Theca 48-50, 52, 53, 114 Thermolysin 22 Thermomorphosis 175 Thermophilic bacteria 9, 12 Thorns 130, 132 Thraustochytrids 50, 51 Thraustochytrium 50 Threonine 91 Thyllakoids 404, 408 Thyrosine pyrophosphatase 108 Time lapse

cinematography 151, 178, 183,254 photographs, of a rhizoid 278, 279

Tip growth 204, 209, 251, 265, 266, 271, 276, 285, 289, 292 bipolar 266 initiation 266, 267

TMV 402 Toxins, intracellular accumulation 22 Tracheary elements 327, 332, 338, 341,

342,344 Tradescantia 287, 291, 322, 365 Transcellular electrical potential 141 Transapical ribs 66, 71-73, 82 Transcellular ionic currents 379, 380, 382,

383-385, 393, 395, 397

Transcription 192, 201-203 Transformation, dictyosomes 147, 162, 163

(see also Dictyosomes) Transitorial vesicles 154, 156, 157, 161, 162,

164, 182, 183 (see also Shuttle vesicles)

Translation 192, 201 Triacylglycerols 404,413,415 Trianaea 267 Triceratium antediluvianum 86 Trichoblasts 267, 304, 306 Trichophyton 291 Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) 30

hydrolysis 248, 249 Trifluralin 179, 196, 200 Triploid cells 200, 206 Triradiate cells 200, 205, 209 Trisporic acids 286 Triticum 332, 370 Triton X-l00 8 Tropocollagen 402 Tropaeolum majus 410, 412, 413 Trypsin 22 Tubular cells 265, 266, 271, 285 Tubular texture 251 Tubulin 310, 314, 322, 328 Turgomorphosis 147, 152, 170, 174 Turgor

pressure 152, 168, 178,233,234, 236-239, 287, 366

reduced cells 147, 168, 175, 194 reduction 149, 170-172, 175, 181,

226, 281, 287 step-down experiments 239 stress 344

Ubisch bodies 367 Ultraviolet light 178

(see also UV irradiation) Vlva 391, 392

mutabilis 391 Unipolar growth 266 Uniradiate cells 194, 198, 202-205,

209 Urea 8, 11-13, 15 Uronic acid 90, 249 Uronide 249, 250 UV irradiation 195, 201-203, 206,

207-209 (see also Ultraviolet light)

Vacuoles 99, 108 Valinomycin 180 Valonia 32, 240 Valve(s) 64-76, 78, 80, 82-88

internal 70, 83 lateral 70, 80, 82, 83

Subject Index 439

Vaucheria 379-381, 384, 386, 387, 389, 390 sessilis 388

Vesicle(s) 143 (see also Golgi vesicles) accumulation 390 binding factors 332 different types 207 dislocation 162 distribution 158 lysis 105 membranes 105, 106, 360 motion 342 zoospores 102, 103

Vessel elongation 258 Vibrating electrode 383, 387, 390, 396 Vida 343 Vigna 322 Vinblastine 179, 336 Vinca 391

rosea 392 Vinydan 180 Viral nucleic acid 402 Virus capsids 402 Viscoelastic contraction 239 Vital staining 148 Volvocales 111 Volvox 111

Wall deposition 112, 246, 247 (see also Cell wall, Primary wall,

Secondary wall) Wall extension 233, 246 Wall extensibility 233, 235, 240, 250, 251 Wall loosening 242, 249, 250, 253, 258, 259 Wall, mechanical properties 258 Wall pattern 102, 104, 114

ini'tiation 115 regulation 99, 112

Wall protein 249 monocotyledons 249

Wall stress pattern 245, 257 Wall synthesis 246, 247, 252 Wall textures 258 Wall thickening(s) 168, 170, 172, 174, 175,

287, 291, 310 (see also Primary wall, Secondary wall)

Waris solution 148 Wheat 338 Whorl formation 119, 142

(see also Acetabularia) Wounding 328 Wound vessel elements 328-331

Xanthidium 224 Xanthophylls 408 X-ray diffraction pattern 28, 32 Xylem 303, 304, 306, 312, 320, 328, 329, 332

precursors 304, 320 thickening 311, 319, 320, 322 (see also Wall thickening)

Xyloglucan 248 Xylose 30, 90, 105

Yeald stress 238, 239

Zea 311, 333, 354, 356, 358, 359, 367, 368,370 mays 270

Zoospore(s) 40, 50, 102, 105, 106, 108-112 containing vesicle 104, 109 formation 102, 103, 105, 111 motility 103

Zygophores 286 Zygote(s) 104, 120, 122, 133, 134,143, 172,

267, 271, 379, 380, 382, 385, 386, 391, 392, 394, 396

Zygotropism 286

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