Subject Index

Abel,1.1. 15 Accommodation 163, 171-173 Aceclidine 150-153 Acetaminophen (n-hydroxyacetanilide)

124, 142 Acetazolamide

acidosis 293 aqueous humor dynamics 290 as carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 279-

281 Diamox and oxygen administration 268 lOP 294 miscellaneous uses 298, 299 ouabain 293 properties and effects 281-283,287,

300,673 Acetylation 130, 131 Acetylcholine (ACh) 54, 149, 150, 152,

156, 229 corneal role of 157, 158 lenticular role of 159

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) 149, 150, 152, 156, 159, 168

Acetylsalicylic acid 542, 543 Acridine, ultraviolet light and 658 ACTH 461,489, 503 Activated partial thromboplastin time

(APTT) 614 Acyclovir 553, 561

antiherpes action of 561-564 Acyl-CoA: amino N-acyltransferase 131,

132 Adenine dinucleotide 119 Adenohypophysis 343 Adenosine diphosphate 611 Adenosine diphospho-ribosyitransferase

220 Adenylate cyclase

adrenergic action 210-214, 218, 258 prostaglandins 320 vanadate 678

Adenylate cyclase receptor complex, see Intraocular pressure

Adenylate kinase 678 Adie's syndrome 174, 175, 718

Adrenal glands 459,460 Adrenaline 202, 208 Adrenergic agonists 193-195,201,202,

226 f3-agonists and lOP 261 glaucoma treatment 207,208 mydriatic response to 205

IX-Adrenergic antagonists 270-272 f3-Adrenergic antagonists 258, 259, 261

aqueous humor dynamics 257,258,268 as antiglaucomatous drugs 207, 208 intraocular pressure 249, 254-257 mechanisms of action on lOP 262-264,

269 ocular penetration and distribution

264,265,269,270 prostaglandins 323 structures and properties 250, 251 studies of 252-255

Adrenergic nervous system 38, 193-197, 226,249, 715, 716

Adrenocortical function and vitamin A 367

Adrenocorticotropic hormone 231 Aesculapius 3 Agranulocytosis 436 Ah (aromatic hydrocarbon) locus 136, 142 Albumin 470, 674 Albuterol 261 Alcian blue 711 Alcohol dehydrogenase 646 Aldehyde oxidase 646 Aliphatic alcohol

alcoholism and the eye 642, 646, 647 disulfiram 646 saccadic movement 640, 641 see also Nystagmus

Alizarin red S 711 Alkaline phosphatase 678 Alkylating agents 587

chemical structure and metabolism 588, '589

effects on immune system 589, 590 mode of action 589

Alprenolol 212, 213, 261

722

Amacrine cells 168, 231, 232, 338, 343, 349 Amaurosis fugax 328, 548 Amblyopia 647 Amikacin 385, 426, 427 Amine oxidase 118, 119 Amines, sympathomimetic 204 4-Aminoantipyrine 130 p-Aminobenzoic acid 130 e-Aminocaproic acid 623, 624 fJ-Aminoethylimidazole, see Histamine Aminofluorene 130 Aminoglycosides 385, 423 Aminopeptidase 135 p-Aminosalicylic acid 130 Ammi majus 657-660 Amoxicillin 418 Amphicillin 93,94,418 Amphotericin B 442, 443 Amyloidosis 719 Angiography, fluorescein 79, 705-707

fundus 710, 711 Angiokinase 612, 613 Angiotensin II 194 Anilines 34, 130 Anionic dye 37 Anisocoria 174 Antabuse, see Disulfiram Anthranilic acid derivatives 548 Anti-inflammatory agents 459, 539

see also Steroids and individual agents Antibiotics

adverse drug interactions 406-409 antagonism 404, 405 described 358-390 dosage determination of 390-393 limiting factors in dosage 391-393 routes of administration 393-398 subconjunctival injections 401, 402 synergism 405, 406 topically applied drops 398--401 used in combination 402,403 see also Endophthalmitis and individual

agents Anticoagulants 611,614-617

contraindications 616, 617 direct 614, 615 indirect 615, 616

Antidiuretic hormone 344-346, 349 Antidromic vasodilation 331 Antifibrinolytic drugs 623-625 Antilymphocyte sera 597-599, 601 Antimetabolic drugs 590 Antiplasmin 618 cx2-Antiplasmin 613 Antiviral agents

9-fJ-D-arabinofuranosyladenine 557-559

Subject Index

described 553, 554 5-ethyl-2' -deoxyuridine 564, 565 idoxuridine 554-557 other new agents under development

565-568 phosphonoacetate 568-570 5-trifluoromethyl-2' -deoxyuridine 559-

561 see also Herpes viral infections

Aphakic cystoid macular edema 328, 329 Aqueous flow

adrenergic effects 215,216,218,219, 225,226

antibiotics 391 carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 289-293 concept of 201, 207-210 effects of adenylate cyclase receptor

complex 215, 220, 221 prostaglandins 322 substance P 341 see also Aqueous humor dynamics

Aqueous humor described 37 drug concentration 31 fluorescein use 703, 704 pharmacokinetic studies 23 trace elements in 670, 674, 676

Aqueous humor dynamics fJ-adrenergic agonist 193 ff fJ-adrenergic antagonists 249 ff, 268 carbonic anhydrase inhibition 288-293 changes in aqueous concentration 88,

89 cholinergic effects 149 ff, 161, 162, 167,

168 exchange with cornea 88, 89 formation of 84-86, 167 Na-K-ATPase 678 prostaglandins 321, 322 pseudofacility 167, 168, 208, 209, 289,

322 substance P 341

Ara-C (cytosine arabinoside) 593 Arachidonic acid 230, 312, 314, 513, 540 Areflexia 719 Argon-laser irradiation 327 Aristotle 3 Aromatic amino acids 658 Aromatic carboxyl group 131, 132 Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase 138-140 Arylsulfotransferase 129, 130 Ascorbic acid 636 Aspergillus 415 Aspirin 312, see also Acetylsalicylic acid Atenolol 254, 256, 298 A TPases 222, 224 Atropine 40,54,61, 176

Subject Index

Atropine esterase 40 Autacoids 143, 163, 311, 349

described 311-314 see also Histamine; Prostaglandins;

Substance P; and individual agents Autofluorescence 706 Autoradiography 165, 316, 375, 521 Avitaminosis C 331 Azathioprine 591, 600 Azlocillin 421

Bacillus subtilis 414 Bacitracin 431 Bacon, Francis 7 Barriers, ocular

blood-aqueous 78, 79 blood-vitreous 79, 80 cornea 31, 34 described 20-22 endothelium 31 systemic dosage 25 tears 27 zonula occludens 38 see also Blood-aqueous barrier

Barth, Joseph 10 Bartisch, Georg 3, 8 Basophils 511 Bathorhodopsin 378, 379 Bayley, Walter 9 Beer, George Joseph 10 Befunolol 59 Behcet's disease 328, 489, 600 Belladonna 11, 12 Benemid, see Probenecid Benoxinate 57, 58 Benzodiazepines 231 Benzylpenicillin 95, 100 Bessey-Lowry procedure 371 Blepharitis 5 Blinking patterns 25, 65 Blood-aqueous barrier 78, 79, 167

aspirin 542 cholinergic processes 162, 163, 167, 168 disruption of 91,98,315-317,321,325,

336, 340, 346, 539 permeability of to antibiotics 390 prostaglandins 317, 320 substance P 340, 341

Blood flow 23, 26, 99, 205 adrenergic stimulation 205-207 aqueous humor dynamics 84-86, 222-

224 blood-vitreous barrier 79, 80 changes in aqueous concentration 88,

89 chemical factors in drug penetration

80-82

drug distribution in eye 82-84 kinetics of intracameral penetration

89-91 loss of drug to blood 52

723

penetration into cornea and lens 93-95 posterior chamber concentration 86, 87 prostaglandins 316, 317 structures related to drug entry from

blood 78,79 substance P 340, 341 uveal blood supply 140 vitreous kinetics 91-93

Blood-vitreous barrier 79, 80, 100, WI Botulinum toxin 149, 169 Bradykinin 334, 336, 341, 349, 539 Brisseau, Michel 10 Brombach Perimeter 645 Bromcresol green 316 Bromobenzene 677 Bromothymol blue 711 Bromovinyldeoxyuridine 553 Bruch's membrane 204 Bupranolol 298 Butadrine 254 Butoxamine 256 Butyrophenones 231

14C-Sucrose 73 Caffeine 230 Calabar bean 12, 154 cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate)

adrenergic processes 202,203,214,217, 220,232

prostaglandins 320 steroid effects 518-521 vanadate 678

Candida 415 Candidiasis 443 Capsaicin 325, 338 Carbachol 54, 149, 154, 156

as muscarinic agent 150-153 Carbamates 154-156 Carbamylation 156 Carbenicillin 70, 82, 100, 101, 418, 419 Carbomycin 429, 430 Carbonic anhydrase 673

history of 279-281 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 209, 279

acidosis and alkalosis 293 aqueous humor dynamics 228-293 clinical uses 297-299 compounds used in glaucoma

treatment 281-288,297,298 hypercapnia 294 hypercarbia 293 lOP, effects on 289, 290

724

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors ocular effect and enzyme inhibition

293-297 permeability of cornea 33 toxic effects 300-303 urolithiasis 299, 300

Carinamide 420 Carr-Price colorimetric reaction 371-373 Cataractogenesis 175, 176 Cataracts

anticoagulation 617 carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 297, 298 psoralens 660 removal of and drug kinetics 96 zinc deficiency 668

Cataracts, posterior subcapsular 500-502 Cataracts, steroid 484, see also Steroids Catechol O-methyltransferase 40, 132,

133, 199 Catecholamines 38,193,197,198,210,230 Cefamandole 84 Cefazaflur 423 Cefazolin 71 Cefoperazone 422 Ceforanide 423 Cefotaxime 422 Cefsulodin 422 Ceftazidime 422 Ceftizoxime 422 Cell junctions 22, 79, 97, 98, 163

desmosomal 222 gap junctions 39, 222 see also Zonulae occludentes

Cellular retinoic acid binding protein 372, 375, 376

Celsus 4, 6, 9 Cephaloridine 422 Cephalosporins 420-423, see also

individual agents Cephalothin 422 Cephamycin 422 Ceruloplasmin 675 cGMP 158,228,232 Chela tors, heavy-metal 676 Chlorambucil 587-589, 600 Chloramphenicol 31, 84

penetration of into lens 95 probenecid 82 structure and use 434, 435 toxicity and side effects 435-438

Chloroquine 138 Chlorothiazides 660, 661 Chlorpromazine 661 Chlortetracycline 435 Cholecystokinin 348, 349 Cholera toxin 215, 216, 219, 220, 222 Cholinergics 149

anticholinesterases 154-156

Subject Index

aqueous humor composition/blood­aqueous barrier 162, 163, 167, 168

aqueous humor formation and drainage 161, 162

cataractogenesis 175-178 classification of drugs 149 direct -acting agonists 150-154 lacrimation 156, 157 neurotransmission 149, 150 oculorotary and respiratory skeletal

muscles 169, 170 prostaglandins 324 sensitivity in ocular smooth muscles

170-175 structures of 151 tissue sensltlVlty 178, 180 trabecular outflow 163-165 see also Carbamates; Muscarinic agents;

Nicotinic agents; and individual structures

Cholinergic nervous system 38, 718, 719 Cholinesterases 125, 154, 719 Cholinolytics 157 Cholinomimetics 157,164,165,167,174,

179,226,256 Choriocapillaris 22, 78, 206, 706 Chorionic gonadotropin 215 Choroid 78, 628, 629, 635, 706 Christison, Robert 12, 13 Chromium 679,680 Chronic echothiophate treatment 256 IX-Chymotrypsin 207, 254, 298 Ciliary body 23, 28, 38, 39

{:i-adrenergic receptors in 259 described 38 hydroxylase activity of 140 pharmacokinetic studies on 23 porphyria 663 prostaglandins in 320 superoxide dismutase in 635 trace elements in 671, 673, 674, 678 transport mechanisms in 81

Ciliary muscle 164, 165 and cholinergic subsensitivity 178, 180

Ciliary processes 25, 37, 38 adenylate cyclase receptor complex in

211,212,220-222,227 Cimetidine 331 Cinchona bark 9 Circadian rhythm 202 Clindamycin 57, 429 Clinical trials

analysis of results 692-695 data monitoring and follow-up 691,

692,694 development of 687, 688 planning and goals 688-690 randomization and masking 690, 691

Subject Index

Clobetasone butyrate 488 Clonidine 194, 206 Clostridium perfringens 414 Clotrimazole 443 Cloxacillin 82, 93, 94, 100 Cocaine 717 Colchinine 205 Colistin 385, 432, 433 Collyria 4, 5 Compartments, ocular 19,21,22

anterior chamber, hemorrhages in 620, 621

anterior chamber kinetics 88 area under tear curve 64 biological responses to drugs 53, 54 blink reflex 28 compartmentation 41, 43 cycloplegic response 57 dose-response relationship in pupil 54,

55 dynamics of substance exchange 84-86 endothelial permeability 62, 63 endothelial transfer coefficient 59, 61,

62 epithelial permeability values 64-66 identification of compartments 41 lOP response 58, 59 kinetics of intracameral penetration

89-91 kinetics of pupil responses 55-57 Iimbal exchange 52 mass entering the cornea 63, 64 pharmacokinetics of surface anesthetics

in cornea 57-58 posterior chamber kinetics 86-88 posterior reservoir 52, 53 tear patterns 28, 49-52 three-compartment situation 95 two-compartment model 43--48

Compound E, see Cortisone Conjunctiva

antibiotics in 391 anticoagulation 617 conjunctival epithelium as barrier 36 conjunctival epithelium as reservoir for

lipid-soluble drugs 36 described 36 dyes for staining 7II fluorescein 700, 701 histamine 331 indomethacin 543 permeability of 36 porphyria 663, 664 prophylactic antibiotics 415 subconjunctival injection 24 trace elements in 671 transconjunctival penetration 24

Conjunctivitis 486, 491, 659, 675

Contact lenses 701, 702 Copernicus 7 Copper 667, 674-676 Cordus, Valerius 8 Cornea

725

adrenergic action in 202, 203, 266 cholinergic processes and 157, 158 corneal epithelia and fluorescein 700,

701 described 31 drug penetration in 63, 64,93-95 dyes for staining 7II endothelium 31,93,99 oxygen effects 627 permeability of 25, 31, 34 porphyria 663, 664 psoralens 659 steroid metabolism in 475 stroma, corneal 32 superoxide dismutase in 635 topical drug application 66, 67 trace elements in 671-673, 676, 679 ultraviolet light 656

Corneal dystrophy 671 Corneal graft 599--601 Corpus Hippocraticum 4 Corticosteroids, see Steroids Corticosteroid-binding globulin 470 Corticosterone 460 Cortin 460 Cortisol, see Hydrocortisone Cortisone 461 Coumarin derivatives 615-617 Crede, Karl 14 Cushing's syndrome 493, 503 Cyclic AMP, see cAMP Cyclic GMP, see cGMP Cyclic nucleotides 222, 229, 232

guanyl nucleotide binding protein 215 Cyclitis 600 Cyclocryotherapy 542 Cyclooxygenase pathway 312, 315, 323,

540 Cyclophosphamide 554, 587-590, 600 Cycloplegia 161, 175 Cycloplegic drugs 57 Cyclosporin A 587, 594-597, 601 Cytochemical localization studies 259 Cytochrome P-450 system II7, II9, 120,

125 conjugation reactions 127, 128 dehalogenation 126 in eye 138 inducible forms of oxidative reactions reductive reactions

Cytosol 32

135 121-126 126, 127

Cystoid macular edema 200, 545

726

9-p-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine 557-559 Decamethonium 149 Deferoxamine 671,672 Dehalogenation 126 Dehydroretinol 369 Demecarium 154, 159 Demecarium bromide 720 Demeclocycline 439 1-(2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinosyl)-5-

iodo-cytosine 566 Deoxycorticosterone 460 Deoxycytidine deaminase 554 Deoxyribonuclease 554 Desaturase system 121 Descartes, Renee 7 Descemet's membrane 675 De Universa Medicina 4 Dexamethasone 94, 463, 464, 482

cyclosporin A 595 glucocorticoid receptors 517 penetration of 93 potency of 466 systemic application 100 topical therapy 476

Dexamethasone alcohol 478 Dexamethasone phosphate 99,478 Diabetes mellitus 227,232, 504 Diamox, see Acetazolamide Dibenamine 270 Dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate

(DBcAMP) 202 Dichloroisoproterenol (DCI) 207,251 Dichlorphenamide 281,288, 301 Diethoxyphosphinylthiocholine iodide

(echothiophate iodide) 156 Diethylcarbamazine 444-446 Dihydrofolate reductase 593 Dihydrostreptomycin 423 Diisopropyl fluorophosphate 720 Diisopropylphosphorofluoridate 156 2,3-Dimercaptopropanol 676, 677 Dimethylaminopropylisothiourea 331 D-P, P-Dimethylcysteine (D-penicillamine)

673,675 Dimethyloxazolidinedione 293 Dioscorides 3-6, 9 Diphenylthiocarbazone (Dilhizone) 673,

674 Dipivalyl epinephrine 41,200 Diplopia 169, 640 Dismutation reaction 635 Disodium cromoglycate (Cromolyn) 486 Disulfiram 646 DNA polymerases 553, 554, 570 Donders, Frans 11, 12 Dopamine 193, 194, 229, 332 Doxycycline 93, 100

Drops, eye 23,34 anti-inflammatory 478 hypertonic 35 hypotonic 35 osmotic effects of 35 size of drop 28, 29 viscosity of 28, 30

Drug administration

Subject Index

aqueous humor concentration 68-70 concentration of drug 24, 34, 35, 44-48 continuous delivery 30, 479 distribution of drug in eye 82-84 depot dynamics 68 drug binding 153 drug metabolism 141, 142 human application of data 77 injection, intravitreal 72 injection, subconjunctival 67 local injection 24, 25 ocular responses 53-59 ointments 30 penetration, chemical factors in 80-82 pulsed delivery system 30, 50 regurgitation 24, 67, 68, 70 retrobulbar injection 71 side effects 29 sustained delivery system 30, 51 systemic administration 25, 77 tear patterns 49, 50 topical administration 23, 24, 26

Dry eyes 99 D-Tubocurarine 149 Dyes 699, see also Fluorescein;

Fluorophotometry; and individual agents Dysautonomia 719

E-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyridine 565 Ebers Papyrus 2, 657 Echothiophate 171, 173, 178, 180

cataractogenesis 176 in lens 159

Echothiophate iodide 720 Econazole 444 Edema, epithelial 99 Edwin Smith Papyrus 2 Ehrlich, Paul 15 5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic acid 312 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid, see

Arachidonic acid 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid (dihomo-y-

linolenic acid) 312, 314 Electron spin resonance studies 656 n-Electrons 656, 658, 660 Electrooculogram 268 Electroretinography 54, 298, 548, 629,

643-645

Subject Index

Endophthalmitis 24 causes of 413-415 incidence of 412,413 treatment of 404-412, 415, 416

Endothelium, capillary 630 Endothelium, corneal

active transport by 62 oxygen 627 pharmacokinetics 66

Enkephalins 342 Enzymatic hydrolysis 40 Enzymes, drug-metabolizing 117, 118 Enzymes, induction of 117, 118, 135-138 Epinephrine 54, 193, 716

adrenergic action 196, 208 as metabolite 40, 41 mydriasis and 24

Epithelialitis 486 Epithelium 34, 63-65 Epithelium, corneal

as barrier to pilocarpine 67 oxygen transfer and 627 pharmacokinetics 63--66

Epithelium, retinal pigmented 676 Eosinophils 511 Erasistratus 4 Erythema 655, 658 Erythromycin 427,428 Escherichia coli 414, 418 Eserine, see Physostigmine Esophoria 640 Esotropia 175, 720 Esthesiometer, Cochet-Bonnet 57 Ethambutol 673 Ethanol 345, 640-642, 644, 647 Ethers

alkyl thio 125 alkylaryl 124

7-Ethoxycoumarin 124 Ethoxzolamide 281,288,294, 300 5-Ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (aedurid) 553,

564, 565 Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 668, 669 Ethylmorphine N-demethylation 121 Evans' blue 80 Exophoria 640 Extrinsic pathway 612 Eyelids 656, 659, 661, 663

Falck-Hillarp method 649 Fanconi's syndrome 439 Ferritin 670, 671 Fibrin 611, 612 Fibrin degradation products 620 Fibrin-stabilizing factor 611 Fibrinogen 615 Fibrinolysis 612, 613

Fibrinolytics 611,617 in ophthalmology 619--621 plasmin 618 streptokinase 617 therapeutic thrombolysis 618, 619 urokinase 617

Fibrinopeptides, A and B 611 Fibroblast 37 Flavine mononucleotide 121 Fleisher's line 671

727

Fluocinolone acetonide 463, 464 Fluorescein 22, 25, 30, 32, 70, 704, 705

aqueous humor dynamics and 86 described 699, 700 in pharmacokinetic studies 67 metabolism of 41 removal rate of 75

Fluorescein angiography 316, 329, 545, 629,631

Fluorescein isothiocyanate 710 Fluorescein photometry, see

Fluorophotometry Fluorescence microscopy 372 9o:-Fluorocortisol 463 5-Fluorocytosine 443 Fluorexon 702 Fluorometholone 465,476,494,495 Fluorometholone alcohol 478 Fluorometholone crystals 31 Fluorophotometry 208, 209

aqueous fluorophotometry 708, 710 concentration of fluorescein in

conjunctival sac 27 fluorescein in corneal stroma 31, 70 pseudofacility and uveoscleral flow 209,

215 use of thodamine B 95 vitreous fluorophotometry 708-710

Flurbiprofen 323, 324 Folic acid analogs 593, 594 Formazan 711 Forskolin 215,219,220,222,228 Fraser, Thomas 12, 13, 15 Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis 485 Fuchs' syndrome 512 Fundus angiography 710, 711 Fusarium 415

Galen 4,6,9 Gas liquid chromatography 265 Gastrin 348, 349 Gel electrophoresis 516 Gentamicin 36, 84

injection of 69-79, 101 kinetics of 75-77 structure and use 424

728

Gentamicin systemic administration of 100 topical application of 99

Gibson, Benjamin 14 Glaucoma

adrenergic action 267 anticoagulation 617 cholinergic drugs 169 steroid 498 treatment of with adrenergic

compounds 193 see also Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Glaucoma, angle-closure 272, 297 Glaucoma, open-angle 298, 492, 498 Glaucoma, steroid 491

biochemical studies 499, 500 dose-response relationships 493-496 lOP response to steroids 492, 493 triamcinolone acetonide 481, 484

Glaucomatocyclitis crisis 328 Glucagon 348 Glucocorticoid receptors 514, 517-523

target cell 515-51 7 Glucocorticoid receptor assay 470 Glucosamine 130 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

deficiency 392 Glucose tolerance factors 679, 680 Glucuronidation 128, 129 Glucuronide 41, 86 Glucuronosyltransferase 128 Glutamine 130 Glutamine synthetase 521 l'-Glutamyl dopa 143 l'-Glutamyltranspeptidase 135 Glutathione 133-135,314, 636 Glutathione peroxidase 674, 676 Glutathione S-transferase 133-135, 140,

677 Glycoprotein hormones 343 Glycosaminoglycan 32, 499 Glycosylation reactions 368 Gonadotropin hormones 215 Graefe, Albrecht von 10-12 Graefe, Alfred Carl 14 Graefe, Carl Friedrich von 10 Grassus, Benvenutus 6 Graves' ophthalmopathy 600 Griseofulvin 441-443 Grotthuss-Draper Law 655 Guanethidine 197 Guanosine triphosphatase (GTP) activity

215,216,219,222 Guanyl cyclase 228, 229 Guanyl nucleotide binding protein 215,

220 Guillemeau, Jacques 8,9

Haab, Otto 15 Haemophilus influenza 414 Hageman factor 611 Haloperidol 231

Subject Index

Hamster cheek pouch chamber technique 329

Haptoglobin 672 Harderian glands 347, 348 3 H-dihydroalprenolol 259, 261 Hemangioma, choroidal 705 Hemicholinium 149 Hemochromatosis 671, 672 Hemoglobin saturation 632 Hemophilia 611, 616, 623 Hemosiderin 671 Hemostatics 611, 621, 622

antifibrinolytics 623-625 hemophilia factors A, B, and C 611, 623 nonspecific 625 specific 622-625

Hemostasis mechanism of 611-613 see also Anticoagulants; Fibrinolytics;

Hemostatics Heparin 614,615,617 Heracleides of Tarentum 4 Hermetic Books of Thoth 3 Herodotus 3 Herophilus of Chalcedon 4 Herpes virus infections 553, 554, 559, 560

acyclovir 561-564 herpes simplex 486,487, 553, 556,600 herpes zoster 486, 558, 565

Hexamethonium 149 High-pressure arc 656, 657 High-pressure liquid chromatography

371, 373 Hill, Bradford 687 Himly, Karl 6 Hippocrates 3 Hippurate synthesis 131 Hirschberg, Julius 15 Histamine 97,98, 132, 311

described 329, 330 histamine metabolism 133 inflammation 539 lOP 331 ocular occurrence and effects of 330,

331 ocular response to injury 331, 332

Histamine N-methyltransferase 132 Histamine receptors 329 Histidine 154, 329 Histopathology 709, 710 Homatropine 57 Horner's syndrome 195, 716-718 Horseradish peroxidase 317,709

Subject Index

Howard-Dohlman test 645 3 H-quinuclidenylbenzilate 170 Hudson-Stahli line 671 Huygens, Constantijn 7 Hyaloid membrane 72,91 Hyaluronic acid 75 Hyaluronidase 499 Hydrocarbons, aromatic 133, 135, 136,

140 Hydrocortisone 68, 462, 463, 466, 476 Hydrocortisone solution 23 Hydroguinone 314 Hydroperoxidase 312 Hydroperoxides 312 Hydrophilic drugs 32 Hydroxyamphetamine test 717, 718 6-Hydroxydopamine 197,230 9-(2-H ydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine, see

Acycloguanosine 5-Hydroxyindolacetic acid 332 Hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase

activity 333 Hydroxylases 136 Hydroxylation 119, 121-123 Hydroxyl radicals 635 5-Hydroxytryptamine 332-334, 539 Hyoscyamine 6, 11 Hyperemia 214, 323, 324 Hyperfibrinolysis 622 Hyperopia 720 Hyperoxia 631 Hypertension, ocular 267 Hyphema 620 Hypochromia 230, 231 Hypokalemia 301,442 Hypothalamic peptides 343 Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HP A)

axis 482, 483, 505 Hypothalamic-pituitary axis 493

I-hydroxybenzylpindolol 210-212,214 125I-hydroxybenzylpindolol 259 I-serum albumin 73 Imidazoles 443, 444 Immune system 585

alkylating agents 589, 590 ALS 598 ara-C 593 cyclosporin A 596, 597 methotrexate 594 pathogenic processes 585-587 purine analogs 591, 592

Immunofluorescence 315 Immunosuppressive drugs 585, 599,601,

602 agents in ocular conditions 599-602

agents of potential future use 599 antilymphocyte sera 597-599 B lymphocytes 586, 587 cyclosporin A 594-597 folic acid analogs and methotrexate

593, 594 Iymphokines 587 macrophages 586, 587 monokines 587 purine analogs 590-592 pyrimidine analogs 592, 593 T lymphocytes 586, 587 see also Alkylating agents

Indanedione derivatives 615 Indocyanine green 710, 711 Indomethacin

ACME 328 blocking of prostaglandin transport

system 313,314,316,324 flurbiprofen compared 546-548 inhibition of lOP rise 543, 544 inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis

541, 543, 544 side effects 545 systemic dosage 81

729

topical administration 328, 329, 528 ultraviolet light 658

Indoxole 543 Interleukins 595, 596 Intraocular pressure (lOP) 162, 169

adenylate cyclase receptor complex 212, 215, 220-222, 227

fJ-adrenergic antagonists 207, 249-251, 254-257, 262-264, 267, 268

alcohol, effects of 646 aniridia, effects of 164 ChE inhibitors 178 epinephrine and 199 episcleral venous pressure 201 inflow and carbonic anhydrase

inhibitors 209, 210 pharmacologic effects of adrenergic

compounds 209 pilocarpine and 165, 168

resistance to outflow 201 response to drugs 58, 59 response to steroids 490, 491 secretory ciliary epithelia, role of 207 substance P 341 vasopressin extracts, effects of on 345 see also Aqueous flow; Aqueous humor

dynamics; cAMP; Glaucoma, steroid; Pseudofacility; Uveoscleral flow

Intrinsic pathway 611 Iodine 667, 668 5-iodo-5' -amino-2' ,5' -dideoxyuridine

566-568

730

5-iodo-2deoxyuridine (idoxuridine) 554-557

Iodopyracet 68, 74, 75 Ionic procion 39 Ionizing irradiation 599 Iontophoresis 24, 35, 36, 45, 49, 70, 86,

317 Iridial smooth muscles 339, 340 Iridocyclitis 461, 480 Iris

adrenergic action 203-205,266 alcohol, effects on 643 cholinergic subsensitivity 170, 173, 178 described 37 pharmacokinetic studies 23, 66 prostaglandins and iris sphincter tone

324 psoralens 659 superoxide dismutase 635 trace elements in 673, 674

Iritis 480 Iron 667, 668, 670-672 Isomerization 133, 134 Isoniazid 130, 392 Isoprene 368 Isoprenoids 368 Isoproterenol 54, 196, 197,208,211,225,

324 Isozymes 129, 130, 133 IU 617

Julliard, Etienne 14

Kainic acid 344 Kallidin 334 Kanamycin (Kantrex) 426 Kaolin cephalin time, see Activated partial

thromboplastin time Kayser-Fleischer ring 675 Kepler, Johannes 7 Keratitis 463, 478, 486, 487, 657 Keratoconjunctivitis 486 Keratoconus 671 Keratocytes 32 Keratomalcia 367, 370 Keratopathy, bullous 99 Keratoplasty 327 Keratouveitis 487 Keto steroids 475 Keystone Telebinocular 645 Kinanase II 337,349 Knapp, Hermann 14 Koller, Karl 14

Labetalol 271, 272 Lacrimal system 201,202,267, 702, 703

see also Tears p-Lactamases 420,421

Laqueur, Ludwig 12 Lens

Subject Index

adrenergic action 202, 203 cholinergic processes 158, 159 described 39 penetration of drugs into 95 pharmacokinetic studies 23 porphyria 663 psoralens 659 superoxide dismutase 635 trace elements in 672, 676

Leukocytes 298, 327, 506-512 Leukomata 5 Leukopenia 587, 590 Leukotrienes 312,313,316,323,514,541,

542, 545 Leukovorin 594 Levamisole 444 Lidocaine 57, 58 Lincomycin 70, 99, 428, 429 Lipid solubility 31, 33, 34,48, 65, 81, 95 Lipofuscin 677 Lipoxygenase pathway 312,315,323,540 Liquid chromatography 338 Liquid scintillation 265 Lissamine green 711 Lundsgard, K. K. 14 Luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone

344 Lymphocytes

B 586, 590, 599 T 586, 587, 590, 597-599

Lymphokine 507,587 Lymphoma 587

Mackenzie, William 11 Macrophages 585, 586, 589

monocyte-macrophage system 510 see also Immunosuppressive drugs

Macula occludens 38 Maitre-Jan, Antoine 10 Mandrake Root 6 Manometric measurements 208, 225 Mattioli 8 Mebendazole 444 Mecolyl 719 Mediflow lens 401 Medrysone 465,476,494,495 Meibomian gland secretion 27 Melanin, intraocular 80, 140,230, 674,

675 Melanocyte-stimulating hormones 230,

231, 346, 347 Melanogenesis, iris stromal 231 Melanoma 26 Menkes' kinky hair disease 676 6-Mercaptopurine 591

Subject Index

Mercapturate 135, 140 Metalloenzymes 667, 669 Methacholine 149-153, 719 Methanol 647--649 p-Methasone 254, 256 Methazolamide 281,285-287,293, 300,

301 Methicillin 82 Methotrexate, see Immune system;

Immunosuppressive drugs 8-Methoxypsoralen 658,659 Methylation 132, 133, 216, 219 3-Methy1cholanthrene 117 IX-Methyldopa 195 Methylene blue 701, 711 IX-Methylnorepinephrine 195 Methylprednisolone 466 61X-Methylprednisolone 463,464 Methyltransferases 132, 133 Metroprolol 254, 256 Meyer, Hans 15 Mezocillin 421 Miconazole 443 Mineralocorticoid potency 466 Minocycline 439 Miosis

adrenergic action 272 drug response 55 pharmacokinetics and 53 thymoxamine 205 vasopressin extracts 345

Mitochondrial enzymes 131 Mitochondrial hydroxylation system 119 Monoamine oxidase 40, 198 Monochromator 656, 657 Monokine 587 Mononuclear phagocytes, see Macrophages Monooxygenase activities 117, 135, 136 Mooren's ulcer 485, 600, 601 Moxalactam 422 Mucin 27 Mucopolysaccharide metabolism 208 Mucopolysaccharide synthesis 367 Murine B cells 595 Muscarinic agents 150, 153, 194

carbachol 154 muscarinic receptors 149,150,153,158,

161, 171 Myasthenia gravis 169,227 Mydriasis 718, 719

adrenergic action 195, 199, 272 drug response 55 pharmacokinetics 53 psoralens 659 steroids 502 vasopressin extracts 345

Myrrh 5

N-Acetylimidoquinone 124 N-Acetyltransferase 130--132, 135 N-Acyloxylarylamines 131 N-Alkyl p-aminobenzoate ester 34 N-Dealkylation 123 N-Hydroxylation Na-K-ATPase 223,678, 679 NADH· cytochrome bs reductase 121 NADPH . cytochrome P-450 reductase

118, 120, 121 Naphthylamine 33 Naphthylazopenicillin 80 Neisseria meningititis 414 Neomycin 425, 426 Neostigmine 154 Neovascularization 630,631, 707 Netilmicin 427 Neuritis, optic 709

steroid therapy 489 Neurohypophysis 344 Neuropeptides, see Autacoids Neurospora sitophila 415 Neurotensin 342, 343 Neutrophil kinetics 511 Nicotine 149 Nicotinic agents 153, 154

731

nicotinic receptors 149, 153, 154, 158, 169

NIH shift 122 Nitrogen mustard 587, see also Alkylating

agents Nitrosamines 228 Norepinephrine 193, 716, 717

adrenergic action 196,207 L- and o-norepinephrine prostaglandins 323, 324

Nouveau Traite des Maladies des Yeux 5 Novobiocin (Albamycin, Cathomycin)

430 Nyctalopia 2 Nystagmus 4, 642, 643, 647

neurogenic 642 optokinetic 640, 641 pendular 642

Nystatin 442, 443

O2 634-636 O-Dealkylation 124 O-Methylating system 199 Occlusion, central retinal arterial 228, 629 Oculorotary muscles 169, 170 Ocusert 30, 61 15-0H-Dehydrogenase 312 Oleandomycin 429 Onchocerciasis 444-446 Ophthalmia 5, 6, 600

732

Ophthalmic therapeutics, history of Age of Enlightenment 10-13 cataract classified 11 cataract treatment 9 Dark Ages 6 diseases treated 2-6, 11-15 drugs and treatments discovered 11-15 Egypt's contribution 1-3 glaucoma 10, 12 Greece's contributions 3, 4 modern era 15, 16 mysticism 1-3 nineteenth century 14, 15 physostigmine 11-14 plants and minerals used 5-6, 11, 12, 14 Renaissance 7-10 Rome's contribution 4-6

Ophthalmoplegia 647 Ophthalmoscopy 11, 12,647 Ophthalmoxipis 4 Opium 5 Organophosphorous compounds 156 Oscillopsia 642 Oxypsoralen 658 Ouabain 81, 678 Oxprenolol 254, 256, 261 Oxygen 627-630

anti-inflammatory agents 633 consumption 630 ocular response to 628 P02 629, 631, 632 superoxide dismutase 634-636 vitamin E 633, 634, 636 see also Retrolental fibroplasia

Oxygen, singlet 635, 636 Oxyphenbutazone 543, 545, 546 Oxytetracycline 435 Oxytocin 346

CX32 P-Adenosine triphosphatase 215 P- and P (prothrombin-proconvertin) test

616 P-Chlorophenylalanine 334 Palpebral aperture 27 Palsy, ocular 646 Pancreozymin, see Cholecystokinin Panretinal scatter photocoagulation 175 Paracelsus 7, 8 Paracentesis 100, 327, 628 Paramecia 658 Parasympathetic nervous system, see

Cholinergic nervous system Pare, Ambrose 9 Paredine test, see Hydroxyamphetamine

test Pargyline 198 Pasteurella septica 414 Penethamate 41

Subject Index

Penicillamine 676, 677 Penicillin 36, 76, 77, 81, 93, 99 Penicillin derivatives 417, 418 Pentobarbital 340 Peptic ulcer disease 504 Peptide hormones 344-346 Peptidyldipeptidase 337 Perikarya 333 Perilimbal suction cup technique 322 Pharmacokinetics

abbreviations of symbols used 19 adrenergic nervous system 200, 201 aqueous humor 37 basic concepts 20-22, 25, 26 binding of drugs to proteins 80 compartment theory 52,53 drug chemistry 33, 34 dose-response curve 218 experimental limits of 95-98 K, and Kd 212, 214 least effective dose 58, 59, 200, 201 methotrexate 601 steroids 467, 471, 472 studies 101, 102 tissue distribution 84 see also Barriers, ocular; Compartments,

ocular; Drug administration Phenacetin (p-ethoxyacetanilide) 124 1,5- and 1,IO-Phenanthroline 674 Phenothiazine drugs 661 Phenoxybenzamine 211,270,324 Phentolamine 270, 324 Phenylacetone 124 Phenylalanine 130 Phenylbutazolidine 543, 545 Phenylephrine 194, 196,230,717 Phenyltrimethylammonium 149 Phorbol myristate acetate 231 Phosphatidate phosphohydrolase 266 Phosphodiesterase 216, 219, 232 Phosphofructokinase 678 Phospholipase A2 312 Phosphonoacetate 568-570 Phosphonoformate (foscarnet) 568-570 Phosphorylases 223 Phosphorylation 156, 223 Photocoagulation 630 Photodermatitis 662 Photofluorometry, see Fluorophotometry Photogrammetric methods 289 Photophobia 4, 461 Photoreceptors 141,231,232, 629, 635 Photosensitizing substances 665, 660-665

mechanism of 658 ocular effects 659, 660 photosensitization 657-660 see also Porphyria; Psoralens; Ultraviolet

light

Subject Index

Physostigmine 154, 159 Picosecond absorption spectroscopy 379 Pigment, ocular 57, 675

adrenergic action 199, 229-232 pigmented tissues and trace elements

671,672 Pilocarpine 719

as cholinergic agonist 163-165, 178 as muscarinic agent 150-153 cataractogenesis 176 kinetics of 61, 70-75 in lens 159 metabolism of penetration of pseudofacility tear flow rate

40 35,65 168 54

Pimaricin 444 Pindolol 251,254 Pirprofen 543 Pivalic acid diester 200, 227 Plasma dialysate 27 Plasma kinins 334-336 Plasma transglutaminase 611 Plasmin 612, 618 Plaminogen 612,619, 621 Platelet factor 3 611 Pliny the Elder 5, 6 Ploug units 617 Pneumococcus 414 POz 627-629,631,632 Polycyclic hydrocarbons 660 Polymyxins 431,432 Polyphloretin phosphate 316, 317 Porphyria 662, 663 Porphyrin 662, 664 Porphyropsins 369 Practolol 254, 261 Prazosin 194, 195, 270 Prednisolone 463, 466, 476, 482 Prednisolone acetate 65, 68 Prednisolone phosphate 99 Prednisone 463, 482 Proaccelerin 611 Probenecid 82, 316, 420 Procaine 34, 35, 170 Prodrug 40, 41 Proparacaine 58 Propionic acid derivatives 546-548 Propranolol 207, 254, 256, 261, 324, 679 Prostacyclin 312, 323 Prostacyclin synthetase 312 Prostaglandins

adrenergic action 194, 228, 229 aspirin 543 blood-ocular barrier 315, 316 described 312-314 endoperoxides 312,314 glucocorticoids and synthesis of 313

in eye 314, 315 indomethacin 543, 544 naturally occurring 318, 319 ocular blood flow 316, 317 ocular response to injury 325-329 steroids 499, 513 transport system of 315, 316

Protamine sulfate 615 Proteus 414, 420 Prothrombin 615 Pseudofacility, see Aqueous humor

dynamics Pseudo fluorescence 706 Pseudomonas 418,420

P. aeruginosa 414,422 Psoralen 657-660 Psoriasis 658 Ptosis 169, 323, 502, 647 Pupil 54,55

adrenergic action in 266 dose-response relationship 54, 55 kinetics of pupil response 55, 57 pupillary movement and cholinergic

processes 159, 161 tonic pupil 718, 719

Purine analogs 590-592 Pyrazolon derivatives 545, 546 Pyridoxamine 130 Pyrimethamine 439-441 Pyrimidine analogs 592, 593 Pythagoras 3

733

Radioimmunoassay 328, 370 Radiolabeled microsphere technique 206 Radioligand-binding analysis 194, 195 Radioligand techniques 195, 202 Radiometer 657 Raman spectroscopy 379 Regurgitation, see Drug administration Renin-angiotensin system 336, 337 Resinger, Franz 11 Respiratory distress syndrome 632, 633 Reticulum, endoplasmic 117, see also

Tissues Retina

adrenergic action 230-232 anticoagulation 617 cholinergic processes 168 fibrinolytics 619, 620 hemorrhage, retinal 675 light, direct action of 656 methanol 647 oxygen 629, 630 porphyria 664 retinal circulation and oxygen 628, 629 retinal phospholipids 635 substance P in 339 superoxide dismutase 635

734

Retina trace elements 672, 676 transport mechanisms 81 vasoconstriction 631

Retinal (retinene) 368, 373 Retinitis pigmentosa 709 Retinochoroiditis 486 Retinohypothalmic pathway 333 Retinoic acid 368, 374, 380 Retinoids

described 368-373 glycoprotein biosynthesis 379 hormone-like action 380 metabolism 373-375 uptake 375, 376 visual process 377-379

Retinol 367, 368 Retinomotor pigment migration 231 Retinopathy l38, 659, 662

diabetic retinopathy 175, 328 Retinyl-P 379 Retinyl-P-mannose 379, 380 Retrobulbar neuritis 673 Retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) 627, 630,

632,674 antioxidants 633-636 vitamin E 633

Rhazes 6 Rhodamine B 39 Rhodopsin 367, 377, 378 Rhodopsin moiety 368 Ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase

554 Rifampin 385, 392 Ristocetin (Spontin) 430 Riviere, Lazare 9 RNA replicases 554 RNA transcriptases 554 Robertson, Douglas Argyll 12 Rose bengal 7lO, 711 Roux, Ernst 15 Rubeanic stains 675 Rush, Benjamin 690

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine l32, l33 S-Dealkylation 125 Saccadic movement 640, 641 Saint Yves, Charles de 5, lO Sala, Angelus 14 Salbutamol 197, 261 Salicylates 36, 542, 543 Sarcoid 512 Schlemm's canal 98, 161, 163-165 Schmidt, J.A. 10 Sclera 36, 37, 663, 664

trace elements in 671, 673, 676 Sclerotomics 704 Sclerouveitis 489, 600

Scopolamine 61 Scotoma 647 Seidel test 703, 704 Selenium 676, 677, 680

Subject Index

Serotonin, see 5-Hydroxytryptamine Serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) 371 Siderosis 671, 672 Sisomicin 427 Slit lamp biomicroscope 701 Snowblindness 657 Sodium azide 229 Sodium nitroprusside 228 Somatostatin 343 Sotalol 254 Soterenol 197 Spectinomycin 427 Spectrofluorometric techniques 264 Spiramycin 430 Staphylococcus aureus 414 Staphylococcus epidermidis 414 Stark-Einstein Law 655 Stereoisomerism 197, 198,371 Steroids

absorption and distribution 470-473 adrenergic action 228 antibiotics 416 clinical problems 485, 486 complications 490 cyclophosphamide 600 dilution of 84 glucocorticoid effects 466-468 historical development 459-465 hormone effects in tissues 523, 524 immunologic processes 514 immunopathogenic processes 585 injection 67, 484 leucocyte kinetics and function 506-512 metabolism 40, 473-475 ocular allergy 486 ocular changes induced by 502, 503 ophthalmic therapeutics, steroids used

461-465 penetration 65, 66 periocular injection 480-482 permeability of cornea 34 potency of 466-470 selectivity in use 524 steroid-withdrawal syndrome 504 sulfoconjugation 129 systemic complications 503-505 systemic therapy 482-484 temporal aspects of steroid therapy

496-499 topical therapy 475-480 vascular and inflammatory effects 512-

514 see also Glaucoma, steroid; Intraocular

pressure

Subject Index

Stevens-Johnson syndrome 393 Stocker's line 671 Strabismus 4, 169 Streptococcus 414 Streptokinase 617,619,620 Streptomycin 75-77,423 Stroma 37 Stuart-Prower factor 611 Substance P 337-341, 349, 540 Succinylcholine 169, 170 Sulfacetamide 75-77 Sulfadiazine 441 Sulfamethoxazole 84 Sulfanilamide 279, 661 Sulfation 129, 130 Sulfonamides 289,290,433,434, 660, 661 Sulfonethylmethane 664 Sulfonmethane 664 Sulfonylureas 660 Sulfotransferase 129, 130 Sulfur mustard 587 Superoxide, see O2

Superoxide dismutase 634, 635, 674 Suprachoroid 23, 37, 78 Suprarenal capsules, see Adrenal glands Sympathectomy 340 Sympathetic autonomic nervous system, see

Adrenergic nervous system

Tachyphylaxis 228, 322 Tadkirat 6, 9 Tapetoretinal degeneration 672 Tapetum lucidum 673 Tears

area under tear curve 64 cholinergic stimulation 156, 157 drug kinetics 27 drug penetration 26, 29 histamine content 330 lacrimation system, assessment of and

fluorescein 702, 703 precorneal tear film 27, 28 tear patterns 49-52 see also Cholinergics; Tissues

Technetium loss 28 Tenon's capsule 24 Terrien's marginal corneal disease 485 Tetracaine 170 Tetracycline 93-95

as photosensitizing drug 662 fluorescence 438 side effects of 439 structure and use 437, 438 systemic administration 100

Tetraethylthiuram disulfide, see Disulfiram Tetrahydrotriamcinolone 40, 465 Tetrahydrotriamcinolone acetonide 494,

495

Tetrazolium 711 Tetrodoxin 325 Thioguanine 591 Thioltransferase 133 Thiolysis 134 Thiopurines 592 Thioridazine 661,662 Thodamine B 95 Thrombocytopenia 436 Thrombolysis 613, 614

therapeutic thrombolysis 618, 619 see also Fibrinolytics

Thrombophlebitis 442 Thrombosis 613, 614

indirect anticoagulants 615 occlusion of retinal veins 619, 620

Thromboxane 312,323,328,611 Thymidine 594 Thymoxamine 231, 270 Thyroidectomy 331 Thyrotropin 331

735

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone 343, 344 Thyroxin 331 Ticarcillin 419,420 Timolol 678

as f3-adrenergic antagonist 195, 226, 254,256

and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 209, 298

lOP 201, 207, 221, 258, 261 Tissues

blood vessels 25,26,38,77,78,205,206 ciliary body 200, 206 ciliary channels 221, 222 ciliary epithelium 24,25,31,215,219,

222 ciliary processes 38, 200, 212, 221 conjunctival epithelium 29 corneal endothelium 31, 32 corneal epithelium 31 corneal stroma 23, 31, 32, 33, 66 glucocorticoid receptors in 521-523 iris 200, 203-205, 214 iris epithelium 38, 85 lens 72, 85, 203 lids 27, 30, 169 optic nerve 26 orbit 25 retina 25,77,231,232 retinal pigment epithelium 25, 230-232 sclera 23, 27, 36, 37, 77 sensitivity of tissues to cholinergic

drugs 171 subconjunctiva 24, 208 tear film 26-28, 30, 34 tissue binding 390 uvea 77, 86, 102,206

736

Tissues see also Aqueous humor; Blood flow;

Conjunctiva; Cornea; Tears; Vitreous body, and other individual structures

Tobramycin 69, 70,424,425 IX-Tocopherol 676, 677, see also Vitamin E Tonicity, of tears 35 Tonography 167,208,280,289 Tonometry, applanation 701 TPI effect 205 Trabecular meshwork 161, 162

outflow and cholinergic drug effects 163-165,178

steroids 499, 500 trabecular compression 298

Trace elements 667-670, 680, see also individual elements

Trachoma 2, 4 Trans-aminomethylcyclohexane carboxylic

acid (tranexamic acid) 623, 624 Transferrin 670 Transport systems 20,22, 162, 163

entry routes into anterior chamber 70, 71

exit routes from vitreous chamber 72-75

in ciliary body and retina 81 in vitreous body 71 see also Indomethacin; Retina

Tranylcypromine 198, 315 Triamcinolone 466 Triamcinolone acetonide 463, 464 Triethylene tetramine dihydrochloride

676 Trifluormethazolamide 294 5-Trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine 559-

564 Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 434 Trimethylpsoralen 658 Trisulfapyrimidines 441 Trypan blue 711 Tuberculosis, ocular 462 D-Tubocurarine 149 Tumors, ocular 230, 553, 554 Tyndall effect 167 Tyrosinase 230, 676 Tyrosine aminotransferase 518

UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 139, 140 Ultraviolet light

long-wave ultraviolet (UV A) 656, 659-661

mechanism of 655, 656 middle-wave (UVB) 656,658,661 short-wave (UVC) 656

Urokinase 612,613,617,619-621 Urolithiasis 299, 300 Urticaria 707

Subject Index

Uveal tract adrenergic action 206, 226 indomethacin 543 trace elements in 672 see also Uveoscleral flow

Uveitis 542 cholinergic drugs 169 cyclophosphamide 600 cyclosporin A 601 methotrexate 594 prostaglandins 327, 328 steroid therapy 480, 488, 489 sarcoid 488

Uveoscleral flow 165, 209, 215 antibiotics 391 cholinergic drug effects 165 concept of 209

Vanadate 678, 679 Vanadium 678,680 Vancomycin 430,431 Vasculogenesis 631 Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide 347,348 Vesalius, Andreas 7 Vinblastine 205 Vincristine 554 Vitamin A 367, 368, 673, see also Retinoid Vitamin E 633, 634, 636 Vitamin K 616 Vitamin-K-dependent coagulation factors

615, 622 Vitiligo 657, 660 Vitrectomy 416, 417, 621 Vitreous body 91-93, 620, 670, 678

see also Blood flow; Fluorophotometry; Transport systems

Volutella 415 von Willebrand factor 611 von Willebrand's disease 616,623

Ware, James 14 Warfarin sodium 615 Wegener's granulomatosis 589 Williams, Henry Willard 14 Wilson's disease 675

Xanthelasma 3 Xenobiotics 117, 136 Xerophthalmia 367,444

Yersinia pestus 414 Yohimbine 194, 195

Zinc 672-674, 680 Zonulae occludentes 38, 39, 78, 79, 162,

222 Zoxazolamine 136

Handbook of Volume 22 : Part 1 Volume 35: Part 1

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Part 2

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