Subject Index

A abdominal muscle 360 absolute indication for amputation 229 acetylthiocholine 84 acidosis 107 Achilles tendon 335 active oxygen intermediate 88 acute rejection 96 acute respiratory distress 203 adaptive hypertrophy 127 adduction contracture of thumb 181 alcohol-methyl salicylate clearing 59 alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 70 Allen radial compression test 258 allogeneic tissue transfer 120 allogeneic hand transplantation 93 allograft 93, 149,501 amputation 210 amputated extremity 209 amputated hand 197 anatomical variation 292 anconeus 433 anterior radial collateral artery (ARCA) 254 anterior tibial artery 160,287 anterobrachiallateral cutaneous nerve 259 anterograde bone reconstruction 452 anterolateral thigh flap 446 antibiotic-formulated bone cement 459 anticoagulant 166, 169, 180 anticoagulant therapy 163, 204 antigen-presenting cell 94 antiplatelet aggregation 167 arm replantation 187 arterial anastomosis 35 arterial scleorotic change 175 arterial thrombi 171 arterial variation in groin 282 arterial venous fistula 118 arterial venous neovascularization 118 arterialized flow-through venous flap 312 arteriovenous flow-through venous flap 312 arthrodesis 473 aseptic necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) 481 autogenous joint transfer 373 autogenous vein graft 40

avascular necrosis of femoral head 485 avascular necrosis of talus 364 avulsion amputation 203 axial pattern flap 247 axial plexus flap 248 azathioprine 97

B bacteria load 444 barrier effect 125 Batson No.17 anatomical corrosion compound 57 biceps muscle 433 blood pool image 65 bone blood flow 137 bone dynamics 642 bone formation rate 131 bone grafting 342 bone hypertrophy 137 bone image 65 bone tumor 347 bony union on roentgenogram 123 brachial plexus injury 426 brachioradialis tendon 335 buoy flap 175 bum scar contracture of neck 285

C calcium channel blocker 91 calcium ion 88 cambium 363 cancello-corticoperiosteal graft 363 cancellous bone graft 143 ' 4C-antipyrine 77 capillary refill 162 catheterization 176 caudal artery 143 causalgic pain 188 Celsior solution 207 cephalic vein 160 ceramic 72 chain-linked combined flap 448 choline acetyltransferase 84 choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity 81

529

530 Subject Index

cholinesterase 84 Chopart joint 220 chordoma 468 chronic osteomyelitis 451 chronic rejection 96 chuck pinch function 206 circulatory disorder 162 circumflex scapular artery (CSA) 251,324,355 clamp flap 116 claw nail deformity 385 cold intolerance 219 cold tolerance test 260 collapse of fibular head 473 combined lateral arm and posterior interosseous artery

flap 446 combined second and third toe transfer 367,414 combined toe transfer 371 common plantar digital artery 297 compass PIP joint hinge (CPJH) 212 composite graft 231 composite scapular flap 251 composite tissue 149 compound flap 257 compound injury 445 concomitant vein 351 congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis 432 congenital pseudarthrosis 437 congenital pseudarthrosis of forearm 440 congenital pseudarthrosis of tibia 435 congenitally stiff elbow 497 contaminated devitalized tissue 444 continuous intraarterial infusion 212 continuous local heparinization (CLH) 169 continuous local intraarterial infusion 169 continuous local intravenous infusion 169 contractility of vascular smooth muscle 90 contralateral microvascularly augmented TRAM flap 515 conventional muscle vascularized pedicle flap 388 cooling 104 corrosion 57 corticocancellous bone graft 145 corticoperiosteal graft 365 creeping substitution 342 criteria for successful replantation 187 cross-foot method 296 cross-sectional bone area 131 cross-toe flap 379,385 Crouzon disease 496 crush and contusion injury 203 cryopreservation 90 113, 120 cryopreserved vessel and nerve 113 cutaneotendinous flap 258, 333 cutaneous branch 288 cutaneous branch from peroneal artery 349 Cybex 11 220 cyclosporine 97

D Daumenplastik 386 debridement 444 decompression fasciotomy 190 deep circumflex iliac artery 359,481 deep circumflex iliac vein 481 deep femoral artery 160 deep inferior epigastric vessel 305 delayed areriovenous flow-through venous flap 313 delayed primary reconstruction 448 delayed secondary reconstruction 448 descending genicular artery 366 descending genicular vessel 363 desensitization exercise 181 digital artery island flap 266 digital replantation 177 direct observation of microcirculation 78 disadvantage 339 disk graft 146 divided vascularized fibula 437 donor harvesting technique 268 donor-specific transfusion 98 Doppler examination 452 Doppler flowmeter 287 Doppler stethoscope 174 dorsal branch of ulnar nerve 277 dorsal middle phalangeal flap 266 dorsalis pedis artery 161 dorsalis pedis cutaneotendinous flap 334 dorsalis pedis flap 158,292,333,446 double-barrel fibular graft 504 double-level amputation 203 double second toe transfer 414 double vascularized fibula graft 463 drift phenomenon 124 dual bone graft 347 dynamic MR study 486

E ear replantation 237 early coverage 444 early vascular reconstruction 445 early weight-bearing 127 edema 104 elbow arthroplasty 496 elbow prostheses 50 I eiectrophysiological method 86 elevation of groin flap 282 emergency free flap 444, 490 end-to-end anastomosis 35 epigastric flap 111 epineurial repair 47 epineurial suture 44 epiphyseal growth 222 epiphyseal plate 349 evaluation of vascular system 157

expanded flap 389 expanded muscle vascularized pedicle flap 389 extensor tendon arcade (ETA) 270 external fixation of bone 135 external jugular vein 160

F fascial flap 260, 519 fascicutaneous flap 247 fasciotomy 194 fat flap 117 feeding artery 427 femoral head 476 femoral profunda artery 464 fibula 344 fibular graft 503 filet flap 491 filet graft 472 fileted flap 470 fine network of artery 361 finger reconstruction 414 finger-to-finger transfer 418 fingertip 385 first dorsal metatarsal artery 301, 380 first metacarpal flap 272 first plantar metatarsal artery 301, 380 first web flap 158, 301 flap success rate 445 flexor carpi radialis tendon 335 flexor hallucis longus 289 flow-through-type tissue 176 fluorocarbon 107 fluorochrome bone labeling 129 fluorochrome bone marker 122 fluorochrome bone study 124 fluorochrome labeling 61, 143 fluorometric assessment 77 fluoromicroscopy 62 fluosol-43 107 focal curettage 463 folded vascularized fibula graft 349 foot 219 forearm flap 158,257,510 forearm replantation 193 fracture of the grafted fibula 349 free TRAM flap 515 free deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap 335 free digital transfer 386 free fascia transfer 521 free flap 158 free gracilis muscle graft 470 free jejunal transfer 392 free muscle graft 318,426,470 free muscle transplantation 318, 428 free omental transfer 396, 519 free rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap 327

free temporoparietal fascial flap 522 free tissue transfer 164,388 free tissue transplantation 318 free toe transfer 159 free vascularized bone graft 159,359

Subject Index 531

free vascularized fibular graft (FVFG) 349,468 free vascularized fibular head graft (FVFHG) 468 free vascularized nail graft 386 freezing 89 frozen section 85 function after arm replantation 187 functional muscle transplantation 330 functional position of the hand 179 functional reconstruction 330 functional score 473 funicular pattern 44 funicular repair 48 funiculus 44

G gas (H2) clearance 77 glycerin clearing 60 gracilis muscle 319, 330, 428 graft under non-weight-bearing condition 126 grasping power 192 great saphenous vein 160, 438 groin flap 158, 281, 446 growth of replanted arm 189 growth retardation 222 guillotine amputation 203 Gustilo typing of open fracture 225

H hair growth 243 hallux-to-hand transfer 386 hand allotransplantation 193 Hannover fracture scale (HFS) 228 Hannover fracture scale-97 (HFS-97) 225 harvesting a fibula graft with flap 350 harvesting of omentum 397 harvesting technique of vascularized fibula graft 349 hemipump flap 301 heparin 164, 166, 169, 176, 212 heparinization 176 hind limb replantation 111 hindquarter amputation 472 histochemical method 86 histomorphological measurement 129 history of microsurgery 3 Hoffman-type external fixator 499 human leukocyte antigen 93 hydrogen-clearance method 78 hydroxyapatite 70 hyperacute rejection 95 hyperkalemia 104

532 Subject Index

hyperpotassemia 104 hypertrophy ]29,342,466 hypertrophy of bone 138 hypertrophy of graft 473 hypertrophy of vascularized fibular graft 455 hypertrophy rate 131 hypothermia 88, 104

I ibprofen 91 ice water 104 ileocolic vessel 394 iliac bone 48] iliac crest 344, 355 iliacus fascia 361 iliacus muscle 361 Ilizarov external fixator 437 immunological tolerance 96 immunosuppression 94 incurable nonunion 451 indication for free omental transfer 519 indication for replantation 209 indication of groin flap 282 infected nonunion 343, 458, 462 inferior epigastric artery 360 infraclavicular region 160 inlay graft 438 intercostal nerve 319,426 intercostal nerve crossing 426 interfascicular suture 44 intermuscular septum 287 internal thoracic artery 514 internal thoracic vein 514 interosseous recurrent vessel 432 interpositional anastomosis 452 intertubercular sulcus of humerus 325 intervertebral fusion 146 intramedullary artery 122 intramedullary rod 437 intravenous infusion 2] 2 intrinsic minus contracture 18] intrinsic plus contracture 181 intrinsic plus position 179 ipsilateral microvascularly augmented TRAM flap 515 ipsilateral pedicled vascularized fibula graft 349 ischemia 88, 104 ischemia-reperfusion injury 88 ischemia time 203 ischemic time 188, 219 ischial weight-bearing orthosis 465 island flap 305 ISOLA system 468

J JMHW classification 476

joint transfer 373

K Karnovsky staining 84 KienbSck disease 115,347

L lactate 106 lactate production 104 lamellar bone formation 124 large bone defect 451 laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) 78 laser Doppler perfusion imager 78 late reconstruction and closure 445 lateral arm flap 254, 446 lateral circumflex femoral artery 160 lateral displacement of scapula 224 lateral femoral cutaneous nerve 281 lateral plantar artery 297 lateral upper arm flap 433 latissimus dorsi flap 158,446,470 latissimus dorsi muscle 356 latissimus dorsi muscle flap III latissimus dorsi musculocutanelus flap 407,452,493 L-Cath 170 lidocaine 166 limb amputation 100 limb replantation 100, 1] 2 limb salvage 224 limb salvage index (LSI) 225 limb salvage index scoring system 226 limb-sparing surgery 468 lipo-prostaglandin E, 167 living disk 148 local heparinization 164 low-molecular-weight dextran 320 low-molecular-weight dextran solution 212, 219 lower extremity replantation 219 lower leg 219 lumber artery 325 lymph-drainage capacity 527 lymph-transport capacity 527 Iymphaticovenous anastomosis 525 lymphedema 525

M major limb amputation 193 mandibular reconstruction 502 mangled extremity severity score (MESS) 225 mangled extremity syndrome (MES) 225 mangled extremity syndrome grading system 228 manometer 55 marginal hyperkeratosis 296 Marlex mesh 474

marrow cell 72 mechanical loading 126, 138 mechanical stress 145 mechanical stress load 129 medial arm flap 446 medial descending genicular artery 160 medial femoral condyle 363 medial plantar artery 296 medial plantar cleft 296 medial plantar flap 296 medial plantar island flap 297 medical leech 177, 211 mesenteric flap 512 metabolic acidosis 104 metacarpal artery island flap 266 metacarpal flap 271 metastatic bone tumor 474 metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint 407, 496 metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint transfer 373,423 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRS A) 457 microangiography 57 microcorrosion casting 58 microfil 59 micropaque 57 microsurgery 3, 174 microsurgical free compound toe transfer 386 microsurgical instrument 25 microsurgicallymphaticovenous anastomosis 525 microsurgical replantation of an amputated penis 231 microsurgical technique 35 microvascularly augmented colonic pedicle 392 microvascularly augmented elongated gastric pedicle

393,513 microvascularly augmented gastric pedicle 392 microvascularly augmented gastrointestinal pedicle 392 microvascularly augmented jejunal pedicle 392, 514 microvascularly augmented left-side colonic pedicle 394 microvascularly augmented microvascular augmentation

392 microvascularly augmented rectus abdominis

myocutaneous flap 327 microvascularly augmented right-side colonic pedicle

394,514 mid-sole plantar skin 296 minimal shortening 197 misalignment 83 mobilization 432 modified Enneking method 470 monitoring 174 monitoring buoy flap 498 monitoring flap 438, 451, 463, 477 monitoring of blood circulation 162 motor fascicle 84 motor nerve 82, 330, 427 motor supply 427 motor-to-motor fascicle 86 MRL 484

Subject Index 533

mRNA 70 MRS A infection 459 99m-technetium (99m-Tc) methylene diphosphonate

(MDP) bone scan 65 multilevel amputation 203 multistrand suture technique 211 muscle pedicle bone graft 342 muscle pedicle bone grafting 476 muscle perforator 307 muscle transplantation 426 muscle vascularized pedicle flap 388 muscle vascularized pedicle iliac bone flap 390 muscle-perforating artery 307 musclocutaneous flap 287,319,323,474 musculocutaneous branch 288 mycophenolic acid 97 myocutaneous flap 116, 390

N neovascularization 115 neovasvularized muscle flap 115 nerve graft 192 nerve grafting 86 nerve injury, ischemia, soft-tissue injury, skeletal injury,

shock, and age of patient (NISSSA) 225 nerve recovery 222 nerve repair 81 nerve viability 81 neuroadipofascial (NAF) flap 248 neurofasciocutaneous flap 265 neurotropism 46, 50 neurovascular anastomosis 428 nonradioactive colored-microsphere (NRACM) technique

76 nonunion 364,474 normograde anastomosis 453 northern blot analysis 71

o orthofix apparatus 194 obstructive lymphedema 525 omentum 396, 519 omentum volume 397 one-bone forearm 129 one-stage reconstruction 343 operating microscope 25 orthodromic anastomosis 453 osseointegrated dental implant 504 osteoblastic activity 70 osteocalcin 70 osteochrome bone stain 123 osteocutaneous flap 258,265,294,345,360,457,463 osteocutaneous scapular flap 251 osteomyelitis 343,457 osteomyocutaneous flap 116

534 Subject Index

osteonecrosis 347,476 osteoonychocutaneous flap 384 osteotendocutaneous flap 294 osteotomy 476 oxygen radical scavenger 90

p palmaris longus tendon 335 paralytic hand 428 parascapular flap 158, 252 paraumbilical perforator-based flap 306 patient's health status 157 pectoral fasciocutaneous flap 512 pedicled vascularized fibular graft (PVFG) 468 pedicled venous flap 309 pelvic ring 474 pentobarbital 55 perforating branch 287 perforator flap 249 periosteal artery 359 periosteum 71,361,363 peroneal arery 291, 287, 349 peroneal flap 159,287,457 peroneal island flap 287 peroneal vascular bundle 479 peroneal vessel 288 peroneus brevis muscle 287 peroneus longus muscle 288 peroneus longus tendon 335 peroneus vessel 336 pH 105 pH monitoring 113 phlegmon 526 pinching power 192 PIP joint transfer 421 plasminogen activator 167 platysma myocutaneous flap 512 point system for predictive salvage index (PSI) 226 popliteal artery 160 posterior cutaneous nerve of arm (PCNA) 254 posterior intercostals artery 325 posterior interosseous artery flap 445 posterior interosseous flap 265 posterior radial collateral artery (PRCA) 254 posterior septum 287 posterior tibial artery 161, 287 posterior tibial vein 160 postoperative care 204 postoperative graft hypertrophy 121 postoperative management 162, 179, 194, 212 postoperative monitoring 162 postoperative viability 463 posttraumatic vessel disease 160 predictive salvage index (PSI) 225 prefabricated flap 388 prefabrication 115

preoperative angiography 157 preoperative planning 157 preoperative simulation 157 preservation of digital artery 270 primary amputation 224 primary microsurgical reconstruction 403 primary reconstruction 403,445,471 primary repair 445 profunda humeri vessel 433 progressive hemifacial atrophy 286, 398 progressive lymphedema 526 proper digital artery 160 prostaglandin 164 prostaglandin E, (PGE,) 167,169,176,194 proximal phalangeal island flap 266 pseudarthrosis 364, 452, 465 pseudarthrosis of forearm 437 pseudarthrosis of radius 442 pseudarthrotic region 463 psychological care 188

Q quantitative culture 444

R rabbit metatarsal bone 134 radial artery 160,257, 335 radial collateral artery 160 radial forearm flap 159,257,334,445 radial forearm flap with hemiradius 503 . radial forearm free flap 510 radial nerve palsy 434 radial recurrent artery 160 radial thenar flap 275 radical debridement 457 radioactive microsphere method 135 radioactive microsphere (RAM) technique 73 radioisotopic 86 radius osteotomy 432 random pattern flap 247 rat 149 rat cremaster model 78 reactive change 132 reactive hypertrophy 127 reattachment of amputated penis 234 reconstructive microsurgery 388 reconstructive surgery 192 rectus abdominis muscle 390 rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap 510 rectus femoris muscle 319,428 recurrent radial vessel 433 reexploration 479 reflex sympathetic dystrophy 197 refracture of the graft 437 rehabilitation 180, 204

remodeling 123 replantation 164,203,209,219,237,241 replantation model 100 replantation of limb 187 replantation toxemia 104, 203 resorption drift 127 retrograde anastomosis 452 reverse digital artery island flap 268 reverse digital flag flap 266 reverse flap 265 reverse metacarpal flap 272 reverse peroneal island flap 287 reverse radial forearm flap 257 reverse-flow proximal phalangeal island flap 270 reversed bone reconstruction 453 root avulsion injury 426 rotation flap 298 rotation osteotomy 435

S sacroiliac joint 468 sacrum 469 salvage technique 174 scalp avulsion 242 scapula 344,355 scapular flap 252, 406 scapulothoracic dissociation (SD) 224 second toe transfer 367,412 secondary vascularization 389 secondary vascularized flap 388 segment of jejunum 510 Semmes-Weinstein test 199, 206 sensate instep flap 296 sensory fascicle 84 sensory flap 259 sensory nerve 82 sensory reeducation program 181 sensory-to-sensory fascicle 86 septocutaneous branch 288 serratus anterior 324 serratus anterior muscle 356 serratus muscle flap III sharp-cut amputation 203 shortening osteotomy 434 silicone rubber 59 single toe transfer 367,415 skin graft 190 skin temperature 162 sling procedure 470 small saphenous vein 160 soft tissue defect reconstruction 519 soft tissue tumor 468 soft-tissue defect 343 soleus muscle 288 Spalteholz cleared specimen 59 spare surgery 491

spinal accessory nerve 319 35S-sulfate 146 sterilized leech 164 subdermal plexus 305 subdermal precise venule 525 subscapular artery 323,355 subscapular flap 158 subzero 89

Subject Index 535

superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA) 281, 359 superficial circumflex iliac vein (SCIV) 281 superficial epigastric artery (SEA) 281 superficial epigastric vein (SEV) 281 superficial peroneal nerve 288 superficial radial nerve 275 superficial temporal artery (STA) 340 superficial temporal vein (STV) 340 superficial temporal vessel 237 superficial tibial plantar artery 297 superomedial genicular vessel 363 supraclavicular region 160 sural nerve neurosensory flap 446 surgical delay 390 survival rate 187,473 suture material 29 suture "a distance" method 44 system of Enneking 472

T tacrolimus 97 Tarnai's zone 210 T-cell receptor 94 temporoparietal fascia 339 temporoparietal fascial flap 524 temporoparietal flap 339 tendocutaneous flap 294, 406 tendon grafting 333 tenolysis 181 tension band wiring 498 tension of grafted muscle 320 teres major muscle 325, 357 teres minor muscle 357 thermography 239,243 thermometer 179 thin deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap 305 thin osteoonychocutaneous flap 384 third toe transfer 367 Thompson method 526 thoracoacromial artery 160 thoracodorsal artery 323 thoracodorsal nerve 324 thoracodorsal neurovascular bundle 324 thoracodorsalis artery 355 three-phase bone imaging 65 thrombectomy 164 thrombogenesis 176 thrombolitic activity 172

536 Subject Index

thrombosis 166, 169, 174,462 thumb opposition 190 thumb reconstruction 410 tibialis posterior muscle 289 tibiofibular metaphyseal synostosis 438 timing of the wound coverage 444 tissue expander 389 tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) 172 tissue transfer 174 tissue typing 96 toe joint transfer 159,421 toe proximal interphalangeal joint transfer 377 toe transfer 371,410 topography 84 total scalp avulsion 241 transplanted muscle 427 transverse cervical artery 160 transverse facia 361 transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap

327,515 traumatic bony defect 451 triangular space 355 trimmed second toetip 385 trimmed second toetip transfer 385 twin barrel graft 452 twin-barrelled fibula 343 twisted-toe flap 383 two-point discrimination 199 type lII-C fracture 458

U ulnar artery 160 ulnar collateral artery 160 ulnar hypothenar flap 277 ultramicrosurgicallymphaticovenous anastomosis 525 undecalcified section 61 undecalcified specimen 123, 131 unstable radiation ulcer 396 urokinase(UK) 166,169,176,194,212,221,320 utilization of discarded tissue 404 utilization of normal tissue 404

V vascular anastomosis 194, 459 vascular anatomy in the bone 121 vascular compliance 90 vascular corrosion cast 57 vascular pedicle 482 vascular tension 175 vascular thrombosis 194 vascularization 70

vascularized bone graft (VBG) 121, 143,342,355,359, 457

vascularized bone grafting 476 vascularized fascia lata 335 vascularized fascio-fat graft 432 vascularized fibula graft 66, 134, 163,287, 366, 451,457 vascularized fibula grafting 458 vascularized iliac bone 359 vascularized iliac bone graft 66 vascularized iliac crest graft 366 vascularized intervertebral disk 146 vascularized metatarsal bone graft 366 vascularized nail graft 384 vascularized pedicled bone graft 481 vascularized periosteal graft 361 vascularized periosteum 71 vascularized proximal interphalangeal joint transfer 373 vascularized scapular bone graft 485 vascularized tendon graft 333 vascularized thin corticoperiosteal graft 345, 363 vascularized tibiofibular graft 121 vascularized toe joint transfer 496 vascularized whole nail graft 384 vascularly augmented random flap 250 vein graft 176, 188 venoadipofascial (VAF) flap 248 venous anastomosis 39 venous congestion 265, 315 venous drainage 211, 258 venous flap 309,405,491 venous network 315 venous pressure 315 venous thrombi 171 venous thrombosis 162 venovenous flow-through venous flap 309 viability 484 Villanueva bone stain 62 Villanueva osteochrome bone stain 131 Volkmann contracture 318

W Wallerian degeneration 86 watershed area 298 wound closure using free flap 444 woven bone 124 wrap-around flap (WAF) 259,379,386,410 W/V chlorhexizin Maskin 220

X xylenol orange 61