subject: geography paper name: geomorphology ix 6th
TRANSCRIPT
Subject: Geography
Paper Name: Geomorphology
Paper No: IX
Semester: 6th Semester (Core)
A. Multiple Choice Questions:
1. ‘The present is the key to the past’. This statement was made by:
a) A.N Strahler
b) John Playfair
c) Charles Lyell
d) WD Thornbury
2. Who said ‘Landform is the function of structure, process and stage’.
a) W.M Davis
b) L.C King
c) W. Penck
d) A.N Strahler
3. The study of Geomorphology is important
a) To understand geomorphological processes of various environment
b) To detect natural and environmental hazards efficiently
c) To identify various landform features and landscape
d) All of the above
4. Who put forward the Principal of Uniformitarianism
a) Charles Darwin
b) James Hutton
c) Aristotle
d) D.W.johnson
5. Who is the father of Geomorphology?
a) W M Davis
b) Walther Penck
c) W.D.Thornbury
d) Alfred Wegner
6. Applied Geomorphology is not related to:
a) Urban planning
b) Agricultural development
c) Road Construction
d) Demographic Transition Theory
7. The Concept of Base Level Erosion was proposed by:
a) W.M Davis
b) W.D. Thornbury
c) W. Penck
d) J.W.Powell
8. Who stated that ‘the slope profiles are convex, plane or concave according to the
circumstances of the uplifting action?
a) W.Penck
b) D.W.Johnson
c) James Hall
d) Alfred Wegner
9. The statement ‘ The present is the key to the past’ is related to:
a) Catastrophism
b) Uniformitarianism
c) Isostasy
d) Diastrophism
10. Match List I and List II and select the correct answer from the codes below
List-I List-II
(Book Title) (Author)
a). Morphology of the Earth i) A.Holmes
b) Principles of Physical Geology ii) Sparks
c) Geomorphology iii) W.D Thornbury
d) Principles of Geomorphology iv)L.C.King
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1. (iv) (i) (iii) (ii)
2. (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
3. (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
4. (i) (iv) (ii) (iii)
11. Who propounded ‘Geologic structure is a dominant control factor in the evolution of
landforms and is reflected in them’?
a) James Hutton
b) John Playfair
c) Charles Lyell
d) W.D.Thornbury
12. According to the Principle of Uniformitarianism
a) Geologic processes we observe today never operated in the past
b) Geologic processes we observe today have always operated in the past.
c) All of the planets formed from a uniform solar nebula
d) Early Earth was covered by a uniform magma ocean
13. Continental Drift Theory of Wegner was postulated mainly to explain
a) Ice Age
b) Distribution of Landforms
c) Major Climatic Changes
d) Geological similarities of coastal region
14. Match List I and List II and select the correct answer from the codes below
List-I List-II
(Scholar) (Theory)
a) Hall and Dana i) Sea floor spreading
b) James Hutton ii) Cycle of Erosion
c) Harry Hess iii) Theory of Geosyncline
d) W.M.Davis iv) Doctrine of Uniformitarianism
Codes:
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1. (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)
2. (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
3. (iv) (ii) (i) (iii)
4. (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
15. Uniformitarianism is proposed in contrast to
a) Diastrophism
b) Catastrophism
c) Unitarianism
d) Determinism
16. Geomorphic processes includes
a) Erosion
b) Transportation
c) Deposition
d) All of the above
17. The landscape produced by a single dominant geomorphic process are called
a) Simple Landscape
b) Compound Landscape
c) Monocyclic Landscape
d) Polycyclic Landscape
18. Sea floor Spreading Theory was propounded by:
a) Harry Hess
b) Tuzo Wilson
c) A. Hobbes
d) D.C.Holmes
19. Processes that shape the earth’s surface
a) Hypogene processes
b) Geomorphic Processes
c) Tetra-tonsorial processes
d) None of the above
20. The ‘Convection Current Hypothesis’ is related to
a) Volcano
b) Earthquake
c) Origin of the Earth
d) Both A and B
21. The Pangea was broken into how many super continent
a) 6
b) 7
c) 4
d) 2
22. Continental Drift refers to:
a) The vertical movement of the continents on a small scale
b) The vertical movement of the continents on a vast scale
c) The horizontal movement of the continents on a small scale
d) The horizontal movement of the continents on a vast scale
23. Mid ocean ridge is formed due to the plate movement which is called
a) Divergent movement
b) Convergent movement
c) Transform fault movement
d) Lateral slipping plate movement
24. In Plate Tectonics the divergent boundaries are characteristics of:
a) Collision zones
b) Sea Floor Spreading
c) Plate slide laterally
d) Upwelling
25. Propounder of the Continental Drift Theory
a) W.M.Davis
b) Alfred Wegner
c) James Hutton
d) W. Penck
26. A fold where the youngest rock layer is in the centre is called
a) Monocline
b) Decline
c) Syncline
d) Anticline
27. The level below which erosion cannot occur and above which deposition does not take place
is called
a) Base level
b) Fault plane
c) Fault line
d) Normal level
28. Propounder of the Concept of Cycle of erosion was
a) W.M.Davis
b) John Playfair
c) Alfred Werner
d) W.D Thornbury
29. Slope replacement model was propounded by
a) L.J Wood
b) W.Penck
c) B.W.Sparks
d) A.N Strahler
30. The theory that states that pieces of Earth’s crust re in constant, slow motion is the theory of
a) Continental eruption
b) Plate boundaries
c) Plate tectonics
d) Lithospheric drift
31. Which of the following term does not indicate similar process?
a) Diastrophism
b) Folding
c) Warping
d) Exfoliation
32. Penck used the term_______________ to represent the characteristics landscape before
upliftment
a) Entwickelung’
b) Endrumpf
c) Primarumpf
d) Boschungen
33. The mantle is the layer of the Earth that lies
a) Over the crust
b) Under the core
c) Between the core and the crust
d) In the core
34. The outer most layer of the Earth is
a) Core
b) Mantle
c) Crust
d) Troposphere
35. The Earth internal structure is made up of
a) Two zones
b) Three zones
c) Four zones
d) Five zones
36. The process of deformation of the Earth’s crust which involve folding and faulting is known
as
a) Catastrophism
b) Uniformitarianism
c) Diastrophism
d) Volcanism
37. The simplest type of fold is called
a) Monocline
b) Syncline
c) Anticline
d) Polycline
38. The concept of Panplain was proposed by
a) C.A.Cotton
b) C.H.Crickmay
c) Alfred wegner
d) Richthofen
39. __________ occurs when tensional forces act in opposite directions and causes one slab of
the rock to be displaced up and the other down
a) Fault line
b) Revere faults
c) Fault plane
d) Normal fault
40. Rift valley is formed due to:
a) Warping
b) Faulting
c) Folding
d) All of the above
41. The waxing slope is also called
a) Lower wash slope
b) Upper wash slope
c) Waning slope
d) Debris slope
42. Fault on the Earth surface is caused by
a) Aeolian action
b) Tidal activity
c) Tension, Compression and Displacement
d) Gravitational force
43. Which of the following force contribute to endogenic geomorphic process
a) Tidal friction
b) Rotational friction
c) Primordial heat from the origin of the Earth
d) Radioactivity
44. Which of the following is the most dense layer of the Earth?
a) Core
b) Mantle
c) Crust
d) Magma
45. Guttenberg discontinuity is found between
a) Crust and mantle
b) Mantle and core
c) Upper mantle and lower mantle
d) Upper core and lower core
46. Which of the following waves are responsible for most of the destructive force of
earthquake?
a) R-wave
b) S-wave
c) L-wave
d) C-wave
47. The direction of horizontal line on an inclined rock strata is known as
a) Anticline
b) Dip
c) Strike
d) Syncline
48. The top of the cone of a volcanic mountain has a depression known as
a) Sill
b) Water
c) Lopolith
d) Crater
49. Conrad discontinuity is found between
a) Upper mantle and lower mantle
b) Outer and inner core
c) Sial and sima
d) Sima and nife
50. Which of the following rocks are known as primary rocks:
a) Igneous Rock
b) Sedimentary Rock
c) Metamorphic rock
d) All of the above
51. According to Wegner, which of the following is one of the forces responsible for
continental drift?
a) Tidal force
b) Convection current
c) Tensional force
d) Compressional force
52. Which of the following is not a type of exogenetic process?
a) Erosion
b) Deposition
c) Diastrophism
d) Weathering
53. Which forces causes the phenomenon like Earthquake and Volcanoes etc?
a) Exogenetic force
b) Endogenetic force
c) Centripetal force
d) Centrifugal force
54. Large scale vertical movement of the Earth’s crust are called
a) Epeirogenic movement
b) Exogenic movement
c) Focus
d) Denudation
55. The study of movement inside earth’s crust is called
a) Geology
b) Geodesy
c) Seismology
d) Plate tectonic
56. The Concept of Geosyncline was given by
a) D.W Jonson
b) J.W.Powell
c) James Hall & Dana
d) James Hutton
57. Normal fault is caused by
a) Compression
b) Tension
c) Expansion
d) Collision
58. What causes Earthquake?
a) Frequent occurrence of cyclones
b) Movements of plates of earth, which floats on the hot volcanic mantle below the Earth’s
surface
c) Underground nuclear explosion
d) Drilling of crude oil
59. Which of the following come out of a volcanic eruption?
a) Solid, liquid, gas
b) Only liquid
c) Gas and solid
d) Liquid and gas
60. Which of the following is formed as a result of tectonic forces/
a) Hanging Valley
b) V-Shaped Valley
c) Rift valley
d) Blind valley
61. An escarpment appears when:
a) A land block moves horizontally
b) A land block moves vertically
c) A land block moves due to water logging
d) A land block moves due to human intervention
62. As per the theory of Plate Tectonics which of the following is a super continent?
a) Eurasia
b) Africa
c) Antartica
d) Australia
63. Which one of the following forces is responsible for syncline formation?
a) Crustal faulting
b) Crustal resting
c) Crustal compression
d) Crustal sinking
64. The erosional topographical features are formed through
a) Exogenic forces
b) Endogenic forces
c) Hypogene
d) None of the above
65. What happen at divergent plate boundary?
a) Plates come together
b) Plates move apart
c) Plates grind past one another
d) None of the above
66. What happen at convergent plate boundary?
a) Plates come together
b) Plates move apart
c) Plates grind past one another
d) None of the above
67. Two plates sliding past each other forms
a) Divergent plate
b) Convergent plate
c) Transform plate
d) Tectonic plate
68. Earth’s Plate are
a) Constantly moving and changing the face of the earth
b) Never moves
c) Moves sudden and very fast
d) Moves when it feels like
69. The stress force that pushes the crust where two plates are moving apart is called
a) Compression
b) Tension
c) Shear
d) None of the above
70. Mechanical weathering produce
a) Clay mineral
b) Quartz
c) Smaller particles
d) Calcium carbonate
71. Sol creep and earthflow are processes of
a) Physical weathering’
b) Chemical weathering
c) Mass wasting
d) None of the above
72. Which of the following factors would increase the rate of weathering?
a) Increasing rainfall
b) Increasing temperature
c) Increasing organic activity
d) All of the above
73. Mass movements are distinguish by their
a) Speed
b) Force
c) Face
d) Volume
74. In Davisian cycle of erosion,the cycle could be interrupted by uplift during any period of the
life cycle and thus returned to the youthful stage, which is called
a) Mature stage
b) Old stage
c) Rejuvenation
d) Young stage
75. Phenomenon of river capture is associated with
a) Head ward erosion by river
b) Lateral erosion by river
c) Erosion in a head ward direction by glacier
d) Lateral erosion by glacier
76. Pebbles and cobbles in a streambed are smooth and rounded as result of the process of
a) Diffusion
b) Abrasion
c) Carbonation
d) oxidation
77. This form of weathering is also known as rusting
a) Carbonation
b) Pressure release
c) Frost action
d) Oxidation
78. The stress force that pushes the crust where two plates are moving together is called
a) Compression
b) Tension
c) Shear
d) None of the above
79. The stress force that pulls late past one another sideways is called
a) Compression
b) Tension
c) Shear
d) None of the above
80. Which of the following is not an agent of denudation?
a) Weathering
b) Folding
c) Mass wasting
d) Erosion
81. Earthquake occurs at each type of plate boundary. Which boundary do they most commonly
happen at?
a) Transform boundary
b) Divergent boundary
c) Convergent boundary
d) None of these
82. Orogenic movement are responsible for
a) The formation of continents
b) The formation of fold mountain
c) The formation of fault
d) All of the above
83. The hypothesis of Plate Tectonics assume that the earth is composed of:
a) 30 lithospheric plates
b) 25 lithospheric plates
c) 20 lithospheric plates
d) 15 lithospheric plates
84. The point of origin of an earthquake is called:
a) Quake Centre
b) Epicentre
c) Seismic focus
d) Tectonic point
85. Which crust subduct because it is denser than other crust?
a) Pizza crust
b) Oceanic crust
c) Continental crust
d) New crust
86. The final stage of cycle of erosion is:
a) Peneplain
b) Ocean floor
c) Desert plain
d) Meanders
87. Oxidation is a process of
a) Weathering
b) Transportation
c) Deposition
d) Erosion
88. The drifting away of continent is:
a) Volcanic eruption
b) Tectonic activities
c) Folding and faulting of rocks
d) All of the above
89. The term ‘Pangea’ was coined by
a) Alfred Wegner
b) A.N.Strahler
c) W.M.Smith
d) L.J.Wood
90. The process in which one plate slides beneath another is known as:
a) Advection
b) Subduction
c) Convergence
d) Convection
91. The lithosphere includes
a) Crust and uppermost rigid Mantle
b) Outer core and inner core
c) Atmosphere and mesosphere
d) Outer core and lower mantle
92. The raising or elevating of bottomland surface through the process of aluuvial deposition is
known as
a) Degradation
b) Aggradation
c) Subduction
d) Attrition
93. The lowering of bottomland surface through the process of erosion is
a) Degradation
b) Aggradation
c) Subduction
d) Attrition
94. Denudation work is performed through
a) Weathering
b) Erosion
c) Transportation
d) All of the above
95. Weathering is
a) The alternate heating and cooling of rocks
b) The freezing of water in creeks in rocks
c) The breakup of rocks exposed at the surface
d) None of the above
96. In weathering, thin layer from the surface rock continue to be peeled off. This process is
known as:
a) Hydration
b) Oxidation
c) Exfoliation
d) Carbonation.
97. The process by which masses of rock and soil move downhill under the influence of gravity
is called
a) Mud flow
b) Mass wasting
c) Hydraulic action
d) Solifluction
98. The unconsolidated rock material deposited by surface at the base of a cliff is called
a) Alluvium
b) Colluvium
c) Moraines
d) Silt
99. Which of the following Mass movements is the fastest
a) Mud flow
b) Debris avalanche
c) Soil creep
d) Rock fall
100. Which of the following represents a process of chemical weathering?
a) Thermal expansion and contraction
b) Hydration and Hydrolysis
c) Mass exfoliation
d) Frost action and crystal growth
101. Denudation process happens in which order
a) Erosion, Weathering, Transportation, Deposition
b) Weathering, Erosion, Transportation, Deposition
c) Erosion, Transportation, Weathering, Deposition
d) Transportation, Weathering, Erosion, Deposition
102. What is the dominant force that causes mass movement?
a) Tidal forces
b) Seismic energy release
c) Gravity
d) Wind
103. When some forces cause two rock surfaces to come together, causing mechanical
wearing or grinding their surfaces is called:
a) Abrasion
b) Erosion
c) Insolation
d) Isolation
104. Rock benches are associated with
a) Cross profile of a river
b) Long profile of a river
c) Fold mountain
d) Fault mountain
105. In the process of erosion, the removal of material by solution is called
a) Attrition
b) Corration
c) Corrotion
d) Sapping
106. Chemical Weathering is more effective than mechanical weathering in:
a) Semi- arid region
b) Arid region
c) Coastal region
d) Cool temperate region
107. The Two Cycle Theory of the Origin of Limestone Caverns was proposed by
a) W.M.Davis
b) W.Penck
c) James Hutton
d) L.C.King
108. Which one of the following is unrelated to the denudational action of mass
movement?
a) Landslide
b) Mud flow
c) Soil Creep
d) Basal sapping
109. Solution is the agent of
a) Physical Weathering
b) Biotic weathering
c) Chemical weathering
d) Abiotic Weathering
110. Running water is the chief agent of the formation a
a) Sedimentary rock
b) Metamorphic rock
c) Igneous rock
d) None of the above
111. All those processes which tend to bring the surface of the lithosphere to a common
level are collectively known as:
a) Degradation
b) Gradation
c) Aggradation
d) Mass Wasting
112. Which process of chemical weathering causes rusting of Iron?
a) Carbonation
b) Oxidation
c) Hydration
d) Dissilication
113. The chief chemical weathering processes are
a) Hydration
b) Hydrolysis and solution
c) Hydrolysis and oxidation
d) Solution
114. Rock fall is the action of
a) Vertical Mass Movement
b) Lateral Mass Movement
c) Diagonal Mass Movement
d) Horizontal Mass Movement
115. The process that results in the breakdown of rocks and mineral in situ is known as:
a) Attrition
b) Erosion
c) Weathering
d) Corrosion
116. Which of the following groups is produced by erosion:
a) Drumlins, Fjiord, Arete
b) Esker, Outwash plain, Morraines
c) Cirque, V-Shape Valley, Lavees
d) Playa, Swallow holes, ox-bow lake
117. The Normal Cycle of erosion is associated with”
a) Marine erosion
b) Glacial erosion
c) Wind erosion
d) River erosion
118. The most ideal condition for chemical weathering are found in:
a) Cold and dry region
b) Cold and humid region
c) Hot and humid region
d) Hot and dry region
119. Dreikenter is a creation of
a) Wave erosion
b) Glacial erosion
c) Wind erosion
d) Wind depositon
120. The removal of curved plates of rock layer by layer due to mechanical weathering is
called
a) Block disintegration
b) Deflation
c) Exfoliation
d) Partitioning
121. The work of river in middle course is mainly
a) Erosion
b) Deposition
c) Transportation
d) Both B&C
122. Which of the following is Not a type of chemical weathering?
a) Hydrolysis
b) Oxidation
c) Carbonation
d) Abrasion
123. What is needed for Hydrolysis to happen?
a) Salt
b) Water
c) Nitrogen
d) Oxidation
124. Tier is
a) A cap shaped structure
b) Weathered blocks of rock in sharp edged shape
c) Weathered blocks of rock in round edge shape
d) None of these
125. Which is not a cause of mechanical weathering?
a) Wind
b) Water
c) Ice
d) Carbonation
126. Which of the following is not a glacio-fluvial depositional feature?
a) Drumlin
b) Esker
c) Kame
d) Horn
127. Inselbergs are formed in
a) Deltas
b) Pediplains
c) Flood plains
d) Desert area
128. A Monadnock is
a) A low area in riverine plain
b) A low area in glacial plain
c) A raised portion in a riverine plain
d) A raised portion in a desert
129. Zeugens and Yardangs are creation of
a) River erosion
b) Wave erosion
c) Glacial erosion
d) Wind erosion
130. Outwash plains are formed by
a) Glacier
b) Wind
c) Rivers
d) None of the above
131. Cirques are landforms of
a) First order
b) Second order
c) Third order
d) Fourth order
132. The movement of soil by a raindrop that creates a small crate in the soil is:
a) Inter rill erosion
b) Gully erosion
c) Splash erosion
d) Steambank erosion
133. A peneplain is formed due to
a) Alluvia erosion
b) River erosion and deposition
c) Wind erosion and deposition
d) Glacial erosion
134. Which one of the following is not a fluvial landform?
a) Ox-bow lake
b) Natural levee
c) Gorge
d) Inselberg
135. Horns are made by:
a) Wind erosion
b) River erosion
c) Glacier erosion
d) Glacier deposition
136. Paternoster Lakes are found in
a) Glaciated Regions
b) Karst Region
c) Domal Area
d) Upper Course of a River
137. The work of river in middle course is mainly:
a) Deposition
b) Transportation
c) Erosion
d) Both (a) and (b)
138. ‘U’Shaped valley is formed by
a) Glacier
b) A river in plain
c) A river in mountain area
d) Wind
139. Moraines are
a) Tidal deposits
b) Glacial deposits
c) Wind deposits
d) River deposits
140. The term Panplain refers to:
a) A level surface formed in the old age of fluvial cycle
b) A level surface formed by wind erosion
c) A plain formed by marine action
d) A plain formed by joining floodplains
141. Bad-land topography is the product of the combined action of-
a) Wind and Glacier
b) Water and Glacier
c) Wind and Water
d) Water and Temperature
142. Which one of these glacial features is believed to have formed in the bed of a sub-
glacial stream?
a) Esker
b) Morraine
c) Drumlin
d) Kame
143. V-Shape Valley is formed during the:
a) Mature stage of glacial erosion
b) Old age of fluvial cycle of erosion
c) Youthful stage of fluvial cycle of erosion
d) Old stage of arid cycle
144. River erosion is responsible for the formation of
a) Sink holes
b) Kame
c) Pot Holes
d) Swallow holes
145. A plain largely composed of recent alluvium is known as
a) Pediplain
b) Loess plain
c) Flood plain
d) Abyssal Plain
146. Ox-bow lakes are formed due to
a) Flooding
b) Wave erosion
c) Intense meandering
d) None of these
147. _______________ only occurs in permafrost region
a) Soil creep
b) Liquefaction
c) Landslide
d) Solifluction
148. Glacial erosion is responsible for the formation of
a) Dry valley
b) Saddles
c) Sink holes
d) V-Shaped Valley
149. Which of the following is not a glacio-fluvial depositional landform?
a) Esker
b) Drumlin
c) Kame
d) Horn
150. Drumlins are associated with:
a) Glacial deposition
b) River deposition
c) Glacial erosion
d) River erosion
151. Incised meanders occur in
a) Karst areas
b) Glaciated region
c) Riverine areas
d) Mountain areas
152. Residual Hills left on Peneplain are
a) Monadnocks
b) Mushroom rock
c) Hill residue
d) Inselberg
153. A narrow water way that separates two pieces of land is called
a) Gulf
b) Bay
c) Strait
d) Isthmus
154. Eskers occur in
a) River valley
b) Tunnel under the glacier
c) Tunnel in karst region
d) Desert
155. The oceanic plates form the
a) Countries
b) Continents
c) Islands
d) Sea bed
156. What kind of landforms are found in region of the earth where erosion and
deposition by wind are the dominant geomorphic forces
a) Aeolian
b) Fluvial
c) Glacial
d) Periglacial
157. Which of the following are types of coastal erosion?
a) Abrasion, attrition, hydraulic action and solution
b) Abrasion, weathering, hydraulic action and solution
c) Abrasion, longshore drift, attrition and solution
d) Abration, weathering, longshore drift and attrition
158. Longshore drift is a process of
a) Erosion
b) Deposition
c) Transportation
d) None of these
159. A laggon is formed by
a) Wind deposition
b) Wind erosion
c) Wave erosion
d) Wave deposition
160. Flat topped sea mounts are known as:
a) Banks
b) Reefs
c) Shoals
d) Guyots
161. Migration pattern of wind borne materials depend on:
a) Size of the particle they carry
b) Velocity of winds
c) Nature of surfaces over which particles are transported
d) All of the above
162. Which of the following processes is responsible for weathering of rocks in Karst
Region?
a) Scree formation
b) Carbonation
c) Oxidation
d) Hydrolysis
163. Islands are formed by
a) Glaciations
b) Wave action
c) Volcanic activity
d) River action
164. Pediplains and Inselbergs are features of the old stage of:
a) Glacial cycle of erosion
b) Karst cycle of erosion
c) Arid cycle of erosion
d) Marine cycle of erosion
165. A ramp of sand deposited by streams along foothills in the arid land is called
a) Hamada
b) Bajada
c) Desert wash
d) Pediment
166. Ria is an example of:
a) Deposited land features
b) Submerged upland shoreline
c) Emerged upland shoreline
d) Eroded landform
167. Which of the following process is responsible for the weathering of rocks in karst
region?
a) Hydrolysis
b) Oxidation
c) Scree formation
d) Carbonation
168. Exfoliation is common in
a) Mountains
b) Coastal area
c) Desert
d) Plain region
169. Residual Hill in the desert region is known as:
a) Inlier
b) Inselberg
c) Playa
d) Pediment
170. The hanging masses of limestone in a cavern from the roof are called
a) Stalactite
b) Stalacmite
c) Grip stones
d) Column
171. Permafrost covers about ______ percent of the Earth’s landsurface
a) Less than 5%
b) 5%-10%
c) 15%-20%
d) 20-25%
172. Underground water’s action is responsible for the formation of
a) Giant Stairways
b) U-Shaped Valley
c) Cementation
d) Avalanche
173. A dome shaped mound consisting of layer of sol over a large core of ice in
permafrost areas is known as
a) Pingo
b) Cirque
c) Solifluction lobes
d) Drumlins
174. Demoiselles are creation of
a) Wave action
b) Glacial deposition
c) Wind erosion
d) River erosion
175. Arches are an advanced form of
a) Horns
b) Caves
c) Esker
d) Cois
176. Pediplanation is a process associated with
a) Wave action
b) Glaciation
c) Wind action
d) Volcanic action
177. Large dune fields or Seas of Sands are called
a) Regs
b) Yardang
c) Erg
d) Barchan
178. An underground layer of rock or sediment that hold water is known as
a) Reservoir
b) Aquifer
c) Groundwater
d) Watershed
179. When a stalactite and stalagmite grow to meet each other is called
a) Column
b) Aquifer
c) Spring
d) Geyser
180. The hanging masses of limestone in a cavern from the roof are called
a) Stalagmite
b) Stalactite
c) Grip stone
d) Column
181. A type of rock formation that rises from the floor of a cave due to the accumulation
of material deposited on the floor from ceiling dripping is known as
a) Hot spring
b) Geyser
c) Stalactite
d) Stalagmite
182. A peninsula is
a) A narrow piece of land
b) A piece of land surrounded by water on three sides
c) A piece of land elongated and surrounded by water
d) A triangular piece of land
183. Crust is_____on the ocean floor
a) Thicker
b) Thinner
c) Heavier
d) Warmer
184. Demoiselles are a creation of
a) Wave action
b) Glacial deposition
c) Wind erosion
d) Wind deposition
185. Which of the following is marine agent of erosion
a) Waves
b) Beach material
c) Solvent action
d) Hydraulic action
186. The rate of marine erosion depends on
a) Nature of rocks
b) Amount of rock exposed to sea
c) Effects of tide and current
d) All of the above
187. Sink holes and dolines are a formation of
a) Glacial erosion
b) Wind erosion
c) Riverine erosion
d) Erosion in Karst region
188. The oceanic crust consists mainly of
a) Granitic rock
b) Basaltic rock
c) Sandstone
d) Gabbroic rock
189. Which of the following is not a wind deposit?
a) Sand dune
b) Loess
c) Pediment
d) All of the above
190. Wind is an important agent of erosion in
a) Fluvial environment
b) Mountain environment
c) Arid environment
d) Glacial environment
191. Karst topography makes up what percentage of the Earth’s surface?
a) 25
b) 10
c) 15
d) 75
192. Geologic processes poweredsby the wind are called______ processes.
a) Barchan
b) Coriolis
c) Yardang
d) Aeolian
193. The process by which the ground surface is lowered by wind erosion is called
a) Deflation
b) Inflation
c) Ablation
d) None of these
194. The transformation of semi arid regions into desert is called
a) Deflation
b) Deforestation
c) Desertification
d) Detoxification
195. Which of the following is not related to wind erosion?
a) Ventifacts
b) Deflation
c) Loess
d) Blowout
196. The steeper downside of a sand dune is called a
a) Sand drift
b) Ventifact
c) Streamline
d) Slip Face
197. _________ has the ability to transport up slope as well as down slope.
a) River
b) Glacier
c) Wind
d) None of these
198. _____________ landforms develop at the interface of land and sea
a) Coastal
b) Aeolian
c) Fluvial
d) Karst
199. A feature resulting from the action of intense frost, often combined with the
presence of permafrost is
a) Periglacial landform
b) Fluvial landform
c) Aeolian landform
d) Karst landform
200. A condition where a layer of soil, sediment or rock below the ground surface remais
frozen for a period greater than a year is known as
a) Periglaciation
b) Permafrost
c) Glaciations
d) Glacier
Answer key:
1. (c) Charles Lyell
2. (a) W.M Davis
3. (d) all of the above
4. (b) James Hutton
5. (a) W.M Davis
6. (d) Demographic transition theory
7. (d) J.W.Powell
8. (a) W.Penck
9. (b) Uniformitariansm
10. (2) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)
11. (d) W.D.Thornbury
12. (b) Geologic process we observe today have always operated in the past
13. (c) Major Climatic Changes
14. (4) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
15. (b) Catastrophism
16. (d) All of the above
17. (a) Simple Landscape
18. (a) Harry Hess
19. (b)Geomorphic Processes
20. (c) Origin of the Earth
21. (d) 2
22. (d) The horizontal movement of the continents on a vast scale
23. (a) Divergent movement
24. (c) Plate slide laterally
25. (b) Alfred Wegner
26. (c) Syncline
27. (a) Base level
28. (a) W.M.Davis
29. (b) W.Penck
30. (c) Plate tectonics
31. (d) Exfoliation
32. (c) Primarumpf
33. (c) Between the core and the crust
34. (c) Crust
35. (b) Three zones
36. (c) Diastrophism
37. (a) Monocline
38. (b) C.H.Crickmay
39. (d) Normal fault
40. (b) Faulting
41. (b) Upper wash slope
42. (c) Tension, Compression and Displacement
43. (c) Primordial heat from the origin of the Earth
44. (a) Core
45. (b)Mantle and core
46. (c) L-wave
47. (c) Strike
48. (d) Crater
49. (c) Sial and sima
50. (a) Igneous Rock
51. (a) Tidal force
52. (c) Diastrophism
53. (b) Endogenetic force
54. (a) Epeirogenic movement
55. (c) Seismology
56. (c) James Hall & Dana
57. (b) Tension
58. (b) Movements of plates of earth, which floats on the hot volcanic mantle below the Earth’s
surface
59. (a) Solid, liquid, gas
60. (c) Rift valley
61. (b) A land block moves vertically
62. (a) Eurasia
63. (c) Crustal compression
64. (a) Exogenic forces
65. (b) Plates move apart
66. (a) Plates come together
67. (c) Transform plate
68. (a) Constantly moving and changing the face of the earth
69. (a) Constantly moving and changing the face of the earth
70. (c) Smaller particles
71. (c) Mass wasting
72. (d) All of the above
73. (a) Speed
74. (c) Rejuvenation
75. (a) Head ward erosion by river
76. (b) Abrasion
77. (d) Oxidation
78. (a) Compression
79. (c) Shear
80. (b) Folding
81. (c) Convergent boundary
82. (b) The formation of fold mountain
83. (c) 20 lithospheric plates
84. (b) Epicentre
85. (b) Oceanic crust
86. (a) Peneplain
87. (d) Erosion
88. (b) Tectonic activities
89. (a) Alfred Wegner
90. (b) Subduction
91. (a) Crust and uppermost rigid Mantle
92. (b) Aggradation
93. (a) Degradation
94. (d) All of the above
95. (c) The breakup of rocks exposed at the surface
96. (c) Exfoliation
97. (b) Mass wasting
98. (b) Colluvium
99. (d) Rock fall
100. (b) Hydration and Hydrolysis
101. (b) Weathering, Erosion, Transportation, Deposition
102. (c) Weathering, Erosion, Transportation, Deposition
103. (a) Abrasion
104. (b) Long profile of a river
105. (c) Corrotion
106. (d) Cool temperate region
107. (a) W.M.Davis
108. (d) Basal sapping
109. (c) Chemical weathering
110. (a) Sedimentary rock
111. (b) Gradation
112. (b) Oxidation
113. (c) Hydrolysis and oxidation
114. (a) Vertical Mass Movement
115. (c) Weathering
116. (d) Playa, Swallow holes, ox-bow lake
117. (c) River erosion
118. (c) Hot and humid region
119. (c) Wind erosion
120. (c) Exfoliation
121. (a) Erosion
122. (d) Abrasion
123. (b) Water
124. (c) Weathered blocks of rock in round edge shape
125. (d) Carbonation
126. (d) Horn
127. (b) Pediplains
128. (c) A raised portion in a riverine plain
129. (d) Wind erosion
130. (a) Glacier
131. (b) Second order
132. (c) Splash erosion
133. (b) River erosion and deposition
134. (d) Inselberg
135. (c) Glacier erosion
136. (b) Glaciated Regions
137. (c) Erosion
138. (a) Erosion
139. (b) Glacial deposits
140. (d) A plain formed by joining floodplains
141. (c) Wind and Water
142. (a) Esker
143. (c) Youthful stage of fluvial cycle of erosion
144. (c) Pot Holes
145. (c) Flood plain
146. (c) Intense meandering
147. (d) Solifluction
148. (b) Saddles
149. (b) Drumlin
150. (a) Glacial deposition
151. (c) Riverine areas
152. (a) Monadnocks
153. (c) Strait
154. (b) Tunnel under the glacier
155. (d) Sea bed
156. (a) Aeolian
157. (a) Abrasion, attrition, hydraulic action and solution
158. (c) Transportation
159. (c) Wave erosion
160. (d) Guyots
161. (d) All of the above
162. (b) Carbonation
163. (c) Wave action
164. (c) Arid cycle of erosion
165. (b) Bajada
166. (b) Submerged upland shoreline
167. (d) Carbonation
168. (c) Desert
169. (b) Inselberg
170. (a) Stalactite
171. (d) 20-25%
172. (c) Cementation
173. (a) Pingo
174. (c) Wind erosion
175. (b) Caves
176. (a) Wave action
177. (c) Erg
178. (b) Aquifer
179. (a) Column
180. (b) Stalactite
181. (d) Stalactite
182. (b) A piece of land surrounded by water on three sides
183. (b) Thinner
184. (c) Wind erosion
185. (c) Solvent action
186. (d) All of the above
187. (d) Erosion in Karst region
188. (b) Basaltic rock
189. (c) Pediment
190. (c) Arid environment
191. (b) 10
192. (d) Aeolian
193. (a) Deflation
194. (c) Desertification
195. (c) Loess
196. (d) Slip Face
197. (c) Wind
198. (a) Coastal
199. (a) Periglacial landform
200. (b) Permafrost
B. Fill in the blanks:
1. _____________is the densest layer of Earth’s interior.
2. The______________ is the outermost solid part of the Earth
3. ___________________ involves lifting and blowing away of loose materials from ground.
4. The Base Level Concept was postulated by _________________
5. Earthquake most commonly happen at ___________boundary
6. A level surface highly covered with thin layer of alluvium is known as _______________
7. The premise that present day processes have been operating throughout geological time is
the principle of____________________
8. The magnitude of an Earthquake is measured by____________ scale
9. Normal Cycle of erosion is associated with _______________ erosion
10. ____________ occurs in tunnel under the glaciers.
11. Oxidation is also known as ________
12. V-shaped valley is a characteristics feature of ______________ stage of fluvial cycle of
erosion.
13. Phenomenon of river capture is associated with head ward erosion by ____________
14. .Stone lattice is formed due to equal erosion by _____________
15. A stretch of land surrounded by water on all side is known as an _________________
16. Wind is an important agent of erosion in ____________ environment.
17. A ____________ is a fracture or zone of fracture between two blocks of rock.
18. _____________forces are also known as constructive forces.
19. Sink holes are characteristics of _____________ Karst topography.
20. _________ is the most important agent of chemical weathering.
21. A ____________ is an icicle shaped formation that hangs from the ceiling of a cave.
22. ___________ is the process of decomposition of rocks resulting from the loosening of rock
particles.
23. _______________ is the ultimate driving force of mass wasting.
24. _________________ compression forces the rocks and crust to collide and move together
25. ______________ is the theory that states that pieces of Earth’s crust are in constant, slow
motion
26. Most earthquake and volcanoes occur at _____________________ boundaries.
27. The forces coming from within the Earth and causing horizontal and vertical movements are
known as ______________ forces.
28. _____________ forces refers to external processes and phenomena that occur on or above
the Earth’s surface
29. ___________ Movements are mountain building movements.
30. ________________ landform is a feature resulting from the action of intense frost, often
combined with the presence of permafrost.
31. _____________ movements are continent building movements
32. The _________________ are all those physical and chemical changes which effect a
modification of the Earth’s form
33. ____________________ is the scientific study of landforms and the processes that shape
them
34. ______ is also known as sand sea
35. ________________ structure is a dominant control factor in the evolution of landforms and
is reflected in them.
36. In Penck’s cycle of erosion, ________________ is the final stage of erosion.
37. _______________ is the ground that remains physically frozen.
38. “ Complexity is more than ______________ in geomorphic evolution’
39. Uniformitarianism was proposed in contrast to _________________
40. The word Geomorphology comes from ________ word
41. W.M/Davis based his cycle of erosion on Darwinian theory of _______________
42. Geographic cycle of erosion implies that ______________ is the critical factor in
determining what the landscape look like.
43. _______________ is formed when a stalactite and stalagmite meet each other.
44. Sea level is the ultimate _____________ level
45. ___________ is an agent of geomorphic processes in coastal environment
46. ______________ is an agent of geomorphic processes in polar environment
47. The process by which the rocks of the earth’s crust are eroded by wind, river, glacier etc and
transported elsewhere is known as _____________
48. _______________ s the lowering of bottomland surface through the process of erosion
49. An ___________ earthquake is a vibration of the earth surface caused by sudden release of
enormous pressure
50. ‘Landscape is a function of structure, process and _________’
51. Pangea broke into two super continents- Laurasia and __________
52. The earth internal structure consist of crust, mantle and _____________
53. The layer below crust of the earth is ___________
54. _________________is an underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water
55. Plates move apart at _________ boundary
56. ________is necessary for hydrolysis to happen
57. ___________ are associated with rivers and streams
58. Plates move ____________at convergent boundary
59. _____________ weathering is the weakening and subsequent disintegration of rock by
plants, animals and microbes.
60. Mud flow is an example of __________________
61. ________________ weathering is prevalent in hot and humid areas
62. Earth’s _________ are constantly moving and changing the face of the earth.
63. ______________topography is characterise by underground drainage systems with
sinkholes and caves
64. Glacial landforms are created by the action of ______________
65. Geomorphic process can be divided into three phase- erosion, transportation and
________________
66. A condition where a layer of soil, sediment or rock below the ground surface remains frozen
for a period greater than a year is known as ________________
67. Four main types of river erosion are abrasion, attrition, solution and ____________ action
68. Residual hills left on peneplain are _______________
69. The main endogenic processes are ___________ and faulting
70. Faulting forms two major landforms - block mountain and __________ valley
71. The line of fault which appears on land surface is known as _____________
72. The sideway erosion which widens the river valleys are called __________ corrosion
73. The final stage of the erosional process in which materials are dropped in another location is
______________
74. Glacier moves material over a _____________ distance
75. The repeated freezing and thawing of water in the cracks of rock is called ____________
wedging
76. Weathering must takes place _____________ erosion
77. Physical disintegration of rocks into smaller fragments, each with the same property as
original is called ________________ weathering
78. “ The __________ is the key to the past’
79. ____________ is a plain formed by joining of flood plains
80. The end product of normal cycle of erosion is ______________
81. ‘The slope profiles are ______, plane or concave according to the circumstances of the
uplifting action’.
82. _________- landscape is produces by a single dominant geomorphic process.
83. The point of origin of an earthquake is known as ___________
84. The _________________ crust mainly consists of basaltic rocks.
85. ___________________ is the process by which the ground surface is lowered by wind
erosion
86. Slip face is the steeper downside of a ________
87. The stress force that pushes the earth crust where two plates are moving together is called
_____________
88. Oceanic crust is about __ km thick.
89. Oxidation is a process of ________
90. Wind has the ability to transport sediment up-slope as well as ___________________
91. _______________ includes crust and uppermost rigid mantle.
92. A __________ is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides
93. The erosional topographical features are formed through _________________ processes
94. Pediplains and inselberg are features of the old stage of of cycle of erosion in ____ region
95. _____________ refers to the horizontal movement of the continents on a vast scale
96. Islands are formed by ____________action
97. A type of rock formation that rises from the floor of a cave due to the accumulation of
material deposited on the floor from ceiling dripping is known as _____________
98. _____________ is the main agent of erosion in fluvial environment
99. Geologic processes powered by the wind are called______ processes
100. Exfoliation is common in _______ area.
Answer Key:
1. Inner core
2. Crust
3. Deflation
4. J.W.Powell
5. Convergent
6. Pediplain
7. Uniformitarianism
8. Ritcher
9. Fluvial
10. Eskers
11. Rusting
12. Youthful
13. Rivers
14. Wind
15. Island
16. Arid
17. Fault
18. Diastrophic
19. Karst
20. Water
21. Stalactite
22. Weathering
23. Gravity
24. Compression
25. Plate Tectonics
26. Plate
27. Endogenic
28. Exogenic
29. Orogenic
30. Periglacial
31. Epeirogenic
32. Geomorphic processes
33. Geomorphology
34. Erg
35. Geologic
36. Endrumpf
37. Permafrost
38. Simplicity
39. Catastrophism
40. Greek
41. Evolution
42. Time
43. Column
44. Base
45. Wind
46. Glacier/Ice
47. Erosion
48. Degradation
49. Earthquake
50. Stage
51. Gondwana land
52. Core
53. Mantle
54. Aquifer
55. Divergent
56. Water
57. Fluvial
58. together
59. Biological
60. Mass wasting
61. Chemical
62. Plates
63. Karst
64. Glacier
65. Deposition
66. Permafrost
67. Hydraulic
68. Monadnocks
69. Folding
70. Rift
71. Fault line
72. Side
73. Deposition
74. Short
75. Frost
76. Before
77. Mechanical/ Physical weathering
78. Present
79. Panplain
80. Penelain
81. Convex
82. Simple
83. Epicentre
84. Oceanic
85. Deflation
86. Sand dune
87. Compression
88. 6 km
89. Erosion
90. Downslope
91. Lithosphere
92. Peninsula
93. Exogenic
94. Arid
95. Continental drift
96. Wave
97. Stalagmite
98. Water
99. Aeolian
100. Desert