VOCATIONAL

TRANINGON

33/11 KVA SUB-STATION

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING SHEPHERED SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

SAM HIGGINBOTTOM INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES

PRESENTED TO:-Dr.A.K.BHARDWAJ Er.SUDHANSHU TRIPATHI Er.J.J.JOHN

PRESENTED BY:- SITESH KUMAR ID:-12BTEEE015

CONTENT

Introduction (what is Sub-station)Sub-station layoutComponents of sub-station(a)Transformer(b)Insulator(c) Earthing system(d)Isolation switches(e)Circuit breaker(f)Surge arrester(g)Switch Gear

What is sub-stationA Substation is a part of an electrical generation,

transmission ,and distribution system , where voltage is transformed from high to low , or low to high , or many other important functions.

Electric power may flow through several sub-station between generating plant and consumer, and may be changed in voltage in several steps.

SUB-STATION LAYOUT

A:Primary power lines' side 1.Primary power lines 2.Ground wire 3.Overhead lines 4.Transformer for

measurement of electric voltage

5.Disconnect switch 6.Circuit breaker

B: Secondary power lines' side 7.Current transformer 8.Lightning arrester 9.Main transformer 10.Control building 11.Security fence 12.Secondary power lines

COMPONENTS OF SUB-STATION1.Transformer:-Main component . is classified by two types. .Power Transformer:- A Power transformer is used in a substation

to step up or step down the voltage. .Instrument Transformer :-• Current Transformer • Voltage Transformer

2.INSULATOR

•A material that does not easily transmit energy, such as electric current or heat material such as wood ,plastic, and ceramics are insulator. fiberglass is an example of heat insulator.• Any material that keeps energy such as electricity, heat, or cold from easily transferring through is an insulator

3.Earthing System

In electricity supply systems, an earthing system or grounding system is circuitry which connects parts of the electric circuit with the ground, thus defining the electric potential of the conductors relative to the Earth's conductive surface. The choice of earthing system can affect. the safety and electromagnetic compatibility of the power supply

4.ISOLATION SWITCHIn electrical engineering, a

disconnect or, disconnect switch or isolator switch is used to ensure that an electrical circuit is completely de-energized for service or maintenance. Such switches are often found in electrical distribution and industrial applications

5.CIRCUIT BREAKER

A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused byoverload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow.

Oil circuit breaker Air-blast circuit breaker Sulphar hexafluoride circuit breaker (SF6) Vacuum circuit breakers

a)OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER

A high-voltage circuit breaker in which the arc is drawn in oil to dissipate the heat and extinguish the arc; the intense heat of the arc decomposes the oil, generating a gas whose high pressure produces a flow of fresh fluid through the arc that furnishes the necessary insulation to prevent a restrike of the arc.

b).Air-blast circuit breaker

Fast operations, suitability for repeated operation, auto reclosure, unit type multi break constructions, simple assembly, modest maintenance are some of the main features of air blast circuit breakers. A compressors plant necessary to maintain high air pressure in the air receiver. The air blast circuit breakers are especially suitable for railways and arc furnaces, where the breaker operates repeatedly. Air blast circuit breakers is used for interconnected lines and important lines where rapid operation is desired.

c). Sulphar hexafluoride circuit breaker (SF6)

Circuit breaker, sulphar hexafluoride (SF6) gas is used as the arc quenching medium. The SF6 is an electronegative gas and has a strong tendency absorb free electrons. The SF6 circuit breaker have been found to a very effective for high power and high voltage service. SF6 circuit breakers have been developed for voltage 115 KV to 230 KV, power rating 10 MVA.

6.SURGE ARRESTER

A surge arrester is a device to protect electrical equipment from over-voltage transients caused by external (lightning) or internal (switching) events. Also called a surge protection device (SPD) or transient voltage surge suppressor (TVSS), this class of device is used to protect equipment in power transmission and distribution systems. (For consumer equipment protection, different products calledsurge protectors are used.)

7.SWITCH GEAR

In an electric power system, switchgear is the combination of electrical disconnect switches, fuses or circuit breakers used to control, protect and isolate electrical equipment. Switchgear is used both to de-energize equipment to allow work to be done and to clear faults downstream. This type of equipment is directly linked to the reliability of the electricity supply

CONCLUSIONNow from this report we can conclude that electricity plays

an important role in our life. We are made aware of how the transmission of electricity is done. We too came to know about the various parts of the Substation system.

The Uttar Pradesh Cooperation Limited has got radio communication in microwave range in order to transmit and receive data with various Substations in Uttar Pradesh to get reliable transmission and distribution of electricity.