studying ecology chapter 4 section 1. levels of ecological organization ecologists study life at...
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Studying EcologyChapter 4 Section 1
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Levels of Ecological Organization• Ecologists study life at many levels.• Ecology is the study of how organisms interact
with each other and their environments .
IndividualSpecies
Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere
Cells Tissue Organs Organ Systems
Individual Species
Atoms Simple Molecules
Macro-molecules
Organelles Cells
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Individual Species/Organism
• Basic level of study for an ecologist is an individual organism.
• Ecology describes the relationship between organisms and their environment.
• A species is a group of individuals that…– interbreed and produce fertile offspring. – have genetic similarity
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Populations
• Population: members of the same species that live in the same area at the same time.
• The fleas living on your dog = a population.
• All of the golden toads in the Costa Rican rainforest = a population.
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Communities• All of the populations in a particular area.• PA bears’ community includes:
1. Plants and trees2. Other animals3. Fungus4. Stream life
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Ecosystems• An ecosystem includes all of the living things in an area AND their
physical environment. • Back to the bears…Their ecosystem would including the following…
1. Air2. Trees3. Soil4. Nutrients5. Rivers
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Biosphere• All of the parts of Earth that host
life. – all of the organisms and
environments in which they live. • Ecologists rarely study this
“grand” of a scale!
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Let’s Fill Out Our Diagram With Examples!
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Biotic vs. AbioticBiotic Factors
• Living parts of ecosystem or were “recently” alive.
• Examples: leaves, trees, fallen logs, carrion (decomposing animals)
Abiotic Factors
• Ecosystem parts that have never been living.
• Many are used or consumed by living things.
• Examples: oxygen, sunlight, water, carbon.
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Habitat• The environment in which an organism lives• Includes all the resources needed to
survive. • Include both abiotic and biotic factors,
because both are required for living things to survive.
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Review Questions
1. Would all of the different kinds of organisms in a pond be considered a population or a community? Explain.
2. For each level of ecological organization (refer to your chart) state whether it contains only biotic factors, only abiotic factors, or both.