study sites
DESCRIPTION
Evaluation of conservation hatchery rearing and release strategies for steelhead recovery in Hood Canal Barry Berejikian National Marine Fisheries Service Participants Organization Julie Scheurer National Marine Fisheries Service Don VanDoornik National Marine Fisheries Service - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Evaluation of conservation hatchery rearing and release strategies for steelhead recovery in Hood Canal
Barry BerejikianNational Marine Fisheries Service
Participants OrganizationJulie Scheurer National Marine Fisheries Service Don VanDoornik National Marine Fisheries Service
David Kuligowski National Marine Fisheries Service Joy Lee Long Live the KingsKathy Hopper Long Live the KingsRick Endicott Long Live the KingsEric Volk Washington Department of Fish and
WildlifeThom Johnson Washington Department of Fish and WildlifeChris Weller Point No Point Treaty Council
Study sites
Dosewallips River
Duckabush River
Hamma Hamma River
Dewatto River
Olympic Peninsula
ObjectivesO
1. Determine the effects of a supplementation program on spawner abundance in the Hamma Hamma River
- Compare the number of redds in supplemented and ‘control’ streams before and after.
2. Determine the effects of current velocity on breeding success of captively reared steelhead
- Hamma Hamma River- Controlled stream channel
.
Objective 1
Table. 1. Summary of redds identified, sampled, and embryos collected over the first five years of the project.
Year
Redds observed
Number of redds sampled and proportion containing eggs
Average number of eggs collected per redd and range (in parentheses)
Proportion of eggs viable
Total viable eggs collected
1998 11 10 (.90) 520 (8-1164) 0.90 4,683
1999 11 11 (.55) 431 (77-619) 0.96 2,588
2000 12 12 (.75) 189 (11-425) 0.98 1,622
2001 5 5 (.80) 368 (298-673)1 0.86 1,271
2002 161 No collection
2003 83 28 (.89) 147 (11-306) 0.96 4,105
Rearing and release strategies
1. Smolt rearing (age-2 release) under two conditions
2. Captive rearing at Lilliwaup Hatchery (age-4 release)
Johns Cr. Pond (50%)Lilliwaup Hatchery (50%)
Release and return events
Brood Year
Smolt release (SRG)
Adult Release (ARG)
Return year
Number of
ARG ♀ Released
1998 2000 2002 2002 (ARG + SRG) 81
1999 2001 -- 2003 (SRG) 2
2000 2002 2004 2004 (ARG + SRG) 35
2001 2003 -- 2005 (SRG) 10
2002 None -- 2006 (F1) 0
2003 2005 -- 2007 (F1 + BY 03 SRG ) 0
-wild fish expected to return each year-assumes age-4 maturity, scale analyses are being conducted
Redd abundance in Hood Canal streams
8 522
11 13 12 5
161
83
0
50
100
150
200
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year
Es
tim
ate
d E
sc
ap
em
en
t Dosewallips R.Duckabush R.Hamma Hamma RDewatto R
Pre-supplementation
Post-supplementation
Smolts released
Effect Df F-stat Effect type
Population 3 MSP/MSPS Random
Supplementation 1 MSS/MSE Fixed
Pop x Suppl 2 MSPS/MSE Mixed
Error 33
H01: Abundance of adult steelhead (estimated from redd counts) in Hood Canal rivers is unaffected by supplementation
Objective 1H01 can be tested with the above model by June 2006
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
Cu
rren
t ve
loci
ty (
m/s
)
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
Fo
rk l
eng
th (
m)
length
HV – 20 cm
HV – 120 cm
LV
H02: Exercise has no effect on breeding success of captively-reared (ARG) steelhead
The frequency with which courting pairs of high velocity (HV), low velocity (LV) ARG and anadromous adults were observed in the Hamma Hamma River in 2002.
HV ♂ LV ♂ AN ♂ Totals
HV♀ 2 3 1 6
LV ♀ 4 5 2 11
AN ♀ 0 3 4 7
Totals 6 11 7 24
Eyed egg viability
Population/
gender N
Mean viability to eye (%)
ARG ♀ 5 90.5
Wild ♀ 44 93.2
1/ data from wild females collected between 1998-2003
Reproductive behavior and success measured under experimental conditions
Stream channel study objectives
• Determine effects of current velocity on reproductive behavior and adult-to-fry reproductive success (ANCOVA)
• Identify phenotypic characteristics (including behavior) that explain variation in adult-to-fry reproductive success (Stepwise Regression)
• Describe basic reproductive behavior of steelhead
Nocturnal spawning
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Hour 8:00 11:00 14:00 17:00 20:00 23:00 2:00 5:00
Nu
mb
er
of
sp
aw
nin
g e
ve
nts Sunrise Sunset
N = 173
Male reproductive behavior
Treatment Channel
Dependent Variable High velocity
Low Velocity
A-side
B-side
Spawning frequency
First-to-enter 2.75 (6.82) 6.83 (9.21)
5.42 (10.49) 4.17 (5.44)
2nd/3rd-to-enter
0.42 (1.00) 0.67 (1.07)
0.83 (1.27) 0.25 (0.62)
Aggression
To female 8.75 (7.20) 10.92 (8.59) 10.75 (7.58)
8.92 (8.30)
To male 31.08 (36.50) 68.25 (80.08)
68.92 (82.74) 30.42 (29.03)
Status
Courting 0.07 (0.10) 0.14 (0.17) 0.15 (0.18) 0.06 (0.07)
TREATMENT CHANNEL
Dependent Variable High Velocity Low Velocity A-side B-side
Nest Construction
Nest Building 0.01 (0.01) 0.01 (0.01)
0.02 (0.01)
0.01( 0.01)
Aggression
To female 1.92 (3.17) 2.25 (1.96)
2.33 (3.39)
1.83 (1.53)
To male 5.42 (7.82) 5.25 (6.70)
6.33 (8.26)
4.33 (5.97)
Status
Redd holding 0.07 (0.09) 0.06 (0.07)
0.08 (0.10)
0.05 (0.05)
Courted by male(s) 0.06 (0.07)
0.05 (0.04)
0.08 (0.07)
0.03 (0.03)
Spawning Duration
Onset (days) 18.25 (19.68) 23.53 (16.28) 22.28 (21.80)
19.50 (13.72)
Duration (days) 3.94 (1.86)
4.09 (2.00)
3.39 (1.48)
4.64 (2.10)
Production
Number of nests 6.42 (2.39) 7.92 (2.02) 7.42 (2.81) 6.92 (1.73)
Eggs deposited 0.984 (0.031)
0.991 (0.14)
0.977 (0.031)
0.998 (0.003)
Female reproductive behavior and egg deposition
Adult-to-fry reproductive success(DNA pedigree analysis)
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
Males Females
Pro
pro
tio
n o
f fr
y
*All females and all but one male produced at least one fry (sampling rate = 6%)
LV HV LV HV
Male size (covariate) effect on rs
R2 = 0.0483
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
1000.00 1500.00 2000.00 2500.00 3000.00 3500.00
Weight (g)
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f fr
y
Female size (covariate) effect on rs
R2 = 0.0012
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Weight (g)
Pro
po
rtio
n o
f fr
y
Variables entered into stepwise regression procedure
• Males– Courting frequency– Peripheral male frequency– Aggression towards males– Aggression towards females
• Females– Maturation at age-3– Aggression towards males– Aggression towards females– Spawn timing
P < 0.001
Ns
Ns
Ns
Ns
Ns
Ns
Ns
Mate acquisition and RS
R2 = 0.6716
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0 10 20 30 40
Number of times courting
Pro
p.
fry
pro
du
ce
d
Conclusions
• The supplementation program is increasing redd abundance in Hamma Hamma River
• Captive reared steelhead released as pre-spawning adults appear to exhibit a high level of breeding success.
• Exercise had few detectable effects on reproductive performance and may have negatively influenced males
• Reproductive success of adult releases and genetic effects of the supplementation program will be evaluated over next few years.