study on the fundamentals of atomic energy
TRANSCRIPT
KAERI/RR-2165/2001
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Study on the Fundamentals of Atomic Energy
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Development of the plastic solid-dye cell for tunable
solid-state dye lasers and study on its optical properties
KAERT
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SUMMARY
I . Project Title
Development of the plastic solid-dye cell for tunable solid-state dye lasers and study on its optical properties
II. Objective and Importance of the Project
It is essential to use tunable lasers in atomic spectroscopy, environmental analysis and the atmospheric remote sensing. And it is required to use a compact and rugged tunable lasers for the portable measurement system. The most widely used tunable lasers are dye lasers based on liquid solutions which can offer wide tuning range and high efficiency. However, because of dye degradation, heating, and triplet-state formation, dye laser solutions have to be flowed through the laser cavity to maintain constant gain and beam quality. This requires bulky dye-flow systems and reservoirs, which requires large quantities of often flammable and toxic solvent to dissolve dye.
Many efforts have been done worldwide, to develop novel tunable solid-state laser materials which can substitute dyes in liquid and several solid-state laser materials, such as, Ti:sapphire, CrTiSAF, Alexandrite, and fosterite have developed. The lasers with these materials can be compact, robust, and versatile. But these material are expensive and the lasing wavelengths of these lasers are generally near infrared region, which means that frequency conversion process is needed to get visible wavelength.
Recently there have been many studies all over the world to
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fabricate solid-state dyes by doping dyes in sol-gel, silica, and polymers. It's because that solid-state dyes can be produced in an extremely low unit cost and have the same tunability as liquid-dyes and therefore can solve the problems which both solid-state laser materials and liquid-dyes have respectively. Dye doped solids maybe refreshed within the laser cavity by either movement or replacement and also tunability over the entire visible range range is possible with several automatically interchangeable gain elements doped with different dyes. So solid-state dye lasers have potential to become small, efficient and cheap tuning extentions to pulse pump lasers.
By considering that the advanced countries are eager to develop these solid-state dyes and the laser market is governed by these countries, it is very important to develop solid-state dyes and compact tunable solid-state dye lasers system by ourselves. And it is the very object of the project.
in. Scope and Contents of Project
In this year, we have fabricated solid-state dyes with PMMA and investigated fabracation methods with sol-gel glass and ORMOSIL. We have designed the various kinds of solid dyes with different sizes and shapes to broaden the application area. And we studied the photostability of the solid-state dyes by adding various kinds of additives during the systhesis process.
We also designed and constructed various kinds of solid-state dye laser oscillators, such as self-seeded type, dualwave type, distributed feedback type, and investigated the operating characteristics of them.We have developed a 3-color solid-state oscillator/amplifier system
which might be useful in display industires. And we modified and improved the laser oscillator by adding the motorized frequency tuning system.
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IV. Result of Project
In this year, we have fabricated solid-state dyes with PMMA in which there are free radical initiation process, free radical propagation process, and termination of chain reaction. And we studied the sol-gel process with sol-gel glasses and ORMOSIL. We designed and fabricated the water bath with constant temperature and moulds for different sizes and shapes of solid-dyes.And we studied the photostability of the solid-state dyes by adding
various kinds of additives during the systhesis process. Through the experiment, tinuvin 770 was the most stabilizing agent for the pyrromethene 567 doped PMMA sample and we achieved 3 times increase in photo stability. And the 1,4-daizobicyclo [2,2,2] octane(DABCO) gives 5 times increase in the photostability of post-doped sol-gel samples.
We have constructed a very compact Pittman-type cavity and observed the single longitudinal mode opearation with the linewidth of less than 500MHz. And a self-seeded solid-state dye laser oscillator was constructed and we observed the increase of the output power. The operating charateristics of the dualwave oscillator and distributed feedback oscillator was investigated. And we have developed a 3-color solid-state oscillator/amplifier system which might be useful in display industries. And by installin the motorized frequency tuning system in the laser oscillator, we achieved automatic frequency control.
V. Proposal for Applications
We could make a solid-state dye laser system which is very compact, handy and versatile when we develop the technologies of the fabrication of the solid-state dyes through this project. This means that this laser system can be applied to atmospheric and underwater sensing, monitoring of the environmental pollutions, local area communication networks, and spectroscopy.
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And as a solid-state dye laser can be compact, inexpensive, short in maintenance time, and non toxic and the solid-state dyes are disposable, the advanced countries, such as the United States, recognized the merits of them and are eager to apply it to medicine.
Therefore it will be possible to apply the solid-state dye laser system to the apparatus of medical treatments.
And almost all of the tunable lasers, including dye lasers, in our country have been imported from other countries. So we could expect this laser system might be a substitute of some of them when we finish the development.
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44#4 444 #5# #4 #444## 44 #4. 444 7^44# 44 \#
*.4 4-5- #57} ^4 4 444 #5# #4445 44. 5#, 4 444 4#
4 444 4445 44 44 4##5 44544 4# 5444. 4, 2-544
4-444 454 44444- 444 4444 444- 4445 44444 44-
# 44444 4# 444 45# 4444## 44 #445 45^# 54-
54# 45# 4444. 4 44 54] 444 #44 54-54 4 4#5#4 4
4#45# 44 444 4^4#4 Stearic Acid (CWCHoheCOOH)# 5^ 4
444. 4 44# #44 444 5 4444 PMMA4 #### 1.4954 44]
444 MMA4 44#54 # 4 #444.
18
H
H
zch3
\/)\
C=
CH
O
Methyl Methacrylate(MMA)2-1. MMA(methyl methacrlylate)S]
CH, CH,| 3 |
HoC— C— N—N— C—CHoI I
CN CN
2-2,-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile(AIBN)
2-2. AIBN(2-2'- Azo-bis-isobutyronitrile) -£] A'SA],
Benzoyl Peroxide2-3. Benzoyl Peroxide5] S|-^j- A'SAj.
19
CH,I
CH,I
H3C — C— N = N — C—CH3| •••... |
CN CN2-2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile
(AIBN)I Heat
Electron CH,I
#■ oc—CH$ I
CNInitiation fragment(free radical)
at
I /H3C — 09 + N — N
ICN
CH,I
H3C — 08I
CN
IJ2
free radical2-4. AIBN4 44 4^4 ^43 4^.
20
o o3-c-o-o-c-0Benzoyl Peroxide
HeatIrs-L-QQ + ®0 — C—^ ^
Initiation fragment(free radical)1j
free radical11— — " o "
o° +o
IIcII
- - 2 ofree radical2-5. Benzoyl Peroxide5] xj-fj- ^ .
- 21 -
N-Radical group InitiationCH3 CH3
I IHjC — c — N = N — C— CH3I ICN CN
CH,I
H3C-CICN
2-2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) Inintiator
2FT®Radical'
Propagation
H3C-C* + / \I H /CN O
.CH3 CH= HI I /—► HjC — C—c—CQ
:C-° CN AQ
CH3 NCH3R'O + M —► Ri®
Radical' Monomer(MMA) Radical 1
HjC — C—C— COcij H >-°
V
"\+. vc c\H
/°\
;c=o
CH3
CH3H ca hIII \ /'HjC — C—C—C---C—C&ill I c=oCN H C=0 H /
I °xo XCHj(tHs
R1® + M —► R2®
Radical 1 Monomer(MMA) Radical 2
,CHjCH H CR HIII I z
HjC — C—C—C------C—COIII 1 )c=o
CN H C=0 H /I Q oCH3
*">-<CH3
Hz
\CH3/
°\:c=o
CHj H ca H CH3 III IIHjC —C—C—C--- C— C —III II
HI /c-ce I xCN H C=0 H C=0 H /:c=o
CH3 Io
CH3
Io
CH3
°\CH3
RgO + M —► R36
Radical 2 Monomer(MMA) Radical 3
CH;IHjC-C—ICN
H CH;I I -c—c I IH C=0
Io
CH3
THjC— C—
ICN
n-1
H CH3I I-C—CI IH C=0
Io
CH3Rn-1® + M —► Rn®
Radical (n-1) Monomer(MMA) Radical n
3.^ 2-6. MMA N-group4 4^#
22
Termination
CH,I
HjC-C-I
CN
H CH,| | 9 CH3 H CH,| |-C-C1 1 3 + H3C — C— -c-c1 11 1H C=01 CN
1 1H C=01l0 10k _ n CHj _ m
Rn®Rad cal n
RJPRadical m
CHsI
HjC-c-I
CN
H CH3I I
-C-C---I IH C=0
Io
at,
Poylmern
HI I
— C-OI I0=C HIo
CH3
PmPoylmer m
CH■C—CH3
ICN
Pn+mPoylmer n+ m
2-7. MMA
23
2)) 4 4 #5)4 3L##4 PMMA4 4)4"44#
714 2-84 44 #4###4# 7>44. 4# 444 44# 4— 4# 4#4
$1# 4444# 4444# 44#4 mma 2.^444 #44 44#4 4#
4 444 44. 4444 #4444 #4444# 4444 44 44#44
4# #5)3.4 (Oligomer)# 444 MMA4 444(AIBN), 444) 4 4##
44-44 44. 4 4 4## mma4 #4#44 4 #444 4### 4#
444 4 #44# 4#4 #4 4#44# #444. 4#4 2.344 444
#4 444 4# 4444 ##4 44# #4.
4#4 444 MMA #5)2.4 #44# 44 2-1, 44 2-24 44 444 4
#4 #444. 4## 44 2-34 4# ## 4##444(Circulation Water
Bath)4 # 44 #3.3. ##4 4 45 - 50 4444 4## #444#4. #44
4414 444# ##44 44# #4, 4# 2-344 4## #44#4 a#)
4444 ^### #5)244 ##/} # #4444 4444# #4 444 4
#44. 444 444# ## 4#44 4444 #4444. #4# 44 4
444 4## #444 744 4 #(44 4 ##44)44 44 4# 4# 44
44## ##4 #44 4# ##44. 4 4 ### 4 48°c4#4 4444
4 #44 #44 444 4 #4^x)-4 4^## 4#44. 4 10444 444
7)4 z4)#4# 4444. 4#4444# #44#€4 4## #4# 44#
4 PMMA# 95444 244#4 #444###4 444 a.4#4# 444
4. 444## W# 4444 24)#44#(solid-state dye)#4 4444. #
4# 4# ## 444 4 44# 4#44 444 4 4 7>## #7)) 44.
24
Solid-state PMMA nm
Removing the mold
21^ 2-8. 4444
25
4# 2-2. 2^4^ # 44# 44 ^#4 2-^.
44 2-34 24 4^ #4 44471 44 442.4 444 44 44 4444 (Ciculation Water Bath)4 442-444. °1 44 4 24] 4 4 #4 4
44^44 4-0-44 442.4 PMMA# 442. 4-0-# 444 44] 444444 4^44 44 #4 4^# 4444 444^4 4^ 4444. fr ^44 44^ 4 ±0.5°c 4444.
26
a 2-1 #4 4444444 44.
Specification
BathDimension
Inside : W450XD300XH450 mmOutside : W700XD400XH530 mm
MaterialInterior : STS304 1.2t Plate
Exterior : SPCC #1 1.2t Plate
PowerSource AC 220 V, 60 Hz
Consumption Heater 2.8 kW
Temperature
Range Room Temp. ~ 95 °CAccuracy ± 0.5 °C at 50 °CControlle PID control-Digital Setting Display Type
Sensor Pt 100 fi TTD Type
Water ControlWater
Circulation
- Magnetic pump & Solenoid ValveControl
-20 liter/minDrain Valve - Inlet & Outlet 3/8 inch STS pipe
44 444 44 2.44 44 2-44 44 444 # 44 44
4 4 #2# 4444 #2, 44 ### 44# 4444# #444 #2.4 #4 #2# #44 42# 44 #44 444 ## #444# 427} 444
4 #4. 24 44# 4442.4 444# ## ^4442# 4444 ^4#
4 ##424 #42#IE 1H7> 444# #4. #2# 4 #4 42# #44
(thermocouple K-type)# #44# 4442 44 4 #2#4# 444 PID 4
44 ###47} ## 4#44 4# #4. 44 2-5# #44 444 2442
#4 444 2_#42 #4.
27
4# 2-3. 44 4444444 44&4.
4# 2-4. 44 4444444 44&4.
- 28 -
4# 2-5. 44W
29
H 2 ^ Sol-gel glass# 4## riill#]#: 7]#
a# #3:# # 44# #4 4# 3-S.# # 7] # 1 (inorganic material)#
host materials. 41-4# 1 #44. -r-7]iilS-# #H# 144# 444 1
## #14# 4^14 #1# #l(glass)4# #1# #-#&# #3:(Si02)4
# 414 #14 4# 441 #14 ## #4# 4 #44 141 4441&
4 4-0-44 44 #444 #44 #4# 44# 44 4 #4.
#4 41# 44##4 44 4# 44 44 4# #### #-444
444 4 4#4 #4#44 #144# 4444 44# 4 #4. 44#44
#44 4# 444## 4444 (hydrolysis)# 44444#(polycondensation
reaction) 4 S. 444 4 $14. °1 4 precursor#. 4# 4 4 #4#. 4
Tetramethoxysilane [Si(OCH3)4;TMOS]4 Tetraethoxysilane [Si(OC2H5)4; TEOS ]
44 4# tetraalkoxysilanel## #7}#44. TMOS4 TEOS4 #4#^!#
4 s.4 silicon 44444 44 447]4 447]4 1444514 4444. a
4 2-94 14 TMOS4 ## ^444 444#(Hydrolysis) 4## 1441
ICHsOH)# 1144. 44 4 44 Si(OH)4444 #44#(Condensation)#
a# 2-104 144 444 # 44# 4444. 44 1# 44444 44##
44444 #4 a# 2-114 14 4#4a 4## 4444 44. 44 444
4 4#(polycondensation reaction)# 4 #4 444 444#, chain 4#,
entangled 4#, cluster 4#, colloidal 4#### 4414. 14 414 14
4144 precursor# pH ## 4, #44# 4### 1 - ##(acid
# base catalyst)# #44 4, a# a ### 4# 4 4# 4 444 #1 4#
# #1# 1114.
#1# 4 4414# 1 #(drying)4 3:1 (sintering)41 4 $1 #4 14 4 4 44 host material0] Kgel)4# 4 # # 14 1444 #444. #1°] #4 14 7] 144 tflyfl ## 604 14## 41 #4 #14 44# 4# 1 4-4 $14. °1 H 4# 44 411 #14 xerogel°14a 444 4 nanometer 47]# ^# #4 (pore)# 7]-!a 4a am 4 100-200 nri/g 44. Xerogel1 a 444 #1 441 #4## 7># a# $ja 4 4# #441# 44. a
# as. 4# 1 4 1 # a7|] # #S. 4-0-47] # # 7^ ^ 14 (densification) 41
1 11# 41# 11# 44. Xerogel# #4# #S. silanol a#(Si-OH)4
#3:144 #s. #144 4#as. 441, 11 11# 44 #3:144 ##
30
###- uoVxl 44 t|
CHo CHi i
°\ z°o'\
I ICHo CH<
+ 4(H20)
OHI
HO — Si— OH + 4(CH3OH)
OH
3.^ 2-9. TM0S4
OH OH OH OHi i ii
HO—Si— OH +HO—Si— OH —►HO—Si— O—Si—I I II
OH OH OH OH
2-10. Si(OH)^
M.
OH +H20
31
OH OH
HO —Si—O —Si—OH +6Si(OH)4 --------- ►I I
OH OH
OH OHI I
HO —Si—OH HO—Si—OHI I
OH O O OHII II
OH — Si—O—Si------O-------Si—O—Si—OH +6(H20)ii ii
OH O O OHI I
HO —Si—OH HO—Si—OHI I
OH OH2-11. Si(OH)jS)
1E$1, ORMOSIUORganically Modified Silicate) ' €
organic-inorganic silica glassS, Ai sol-gel ^ °1] $14-
a 2-2^ ormosil# 4]# ^.4^4.
32
5. 1. ORMOSIL ##
ORMOSIL Molar DopantConc.(M)
gel host ratio dye
TMOS 1 C153 2.0x10-3
MMA 1
TMSPM 1
0.04N HCI 3.5
TMOS 1 R6G 5.0x10-4
EG 1
GPTMS 1
0.04N HCI 4.5
TMOS 3 R6G 5.0x10-4
MMA 1.5
EG 3
TMSPM 1.5
GPTMS 3
0.04N HCI 16
TMOS = tetramethoxysilane, ShOCHsL
MMA =methyl methacrylate, CH2CCH3COOCH3
EG = ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH
TMSPM = 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate, Si(OCH3)3! CH2)3OCOCCH2CH3
GPTMS = 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, ShOCHsLtC^LOCPPCHOCPD
4 4444# #4 44# 444 #4^# 4-8-% #42445# 4a4 °] 4 4 4444 44" TMOS, distilled water, methanol, HCL, GlycerolS-
44 #44 1 : 20 : 14 : 0.002 : 325 #44# 44 22 : 34 : 81 : x : 7.2 4
4. 4 44 x4 4 444- 4444. 45 444 5 4 2-124 #24 44 4
444 44Si.4 44 4# £45. 44 44.
44 TMOS 22ml# #44 # 4 -§-44 Metlianol 81ml 4444. 44
33
TEOS# 4 #4 ^f^]# Metanol 44 Ethanol# 4 #44 4 ### 4
## 4#4 #4. 444 #### 4#4 444 ### 360ml4 1M##4
HC1 0.3ml# 4 44 #4 7.2ml # 4 44 44. 4 71 4 distilled water 27ml 4
4444. 44# 4#4 444 44# 44 #44 4## #44# 44# 4
4!44. °1 #44 Glycerol 7.2ml # 444 #4 glycerol# #44 444 4
4 #4 44 44%4 4## 44 glycerol 4##4 444444 
bath44 10-15##4 444 #4. Glycerol# formamide# 44 44# 4#
4 3.44 #4##4 4HF4 444 4# 444(scattering)# #4#4 3#4
4 #44# #4# # 4## ##4. 4# 444 TMOS (## TEOS)#4 344 ###4 4## 444. 44, pH# #444 4 84#44 4444. 343 ##& #4 44# #444 ##4 4 70# 4 #4 4## #4444. 4# 4## #4444 4444## ### 4#4 ##4#4 #44 44. 4444 #44 #4# #4444 4##4 magnetic stirrer# 4#44 44 #4. 44 #444# MeOH4 4# 4 40 #, EtOH4 4#4# 4 60 #44. 4 4444 414 #4 4444 4## 4 63mL4 44 44 50ml 4#44 44# #4# 44.
344 44 444 4# 4444 poly condensation4 4444 4## 304
#4 3# 44# s' #44 44. poly condensation4 4444 4444 4
4 magnetic stirrer# ##4 #4 4 #4 43 #4 44 44#44
condensation4 s'444 gelling4 4#44 44 4 44. 4# 4 44 4 44
44# 4#4 ## 4444.
44 4## 4# #4# ### #444 44 #444 ## 44 444
44.444 4## 44 #4#44 4444 4# viscous#471 44 #44
4 ##4# 4 44 #4 oven4 4#4. oven4 ### 40°C4# 52°C °] 44
4## 44. 5244444# cracking4 4444. 4## 4# #4# 4##4
##4 #444 4## 44# #44 4#4 #4# #4 #44 44 #44
oven4 4#4# parafilm## #4# s#44 2-34 44 4## 44. #44
^# 4#4 #4#4 ##4 #4# crack4 4^44 4#4#4 4444
44. oven4 #4 4# 4#4 #4# #4 ^@##44 #44 444 4
4 4# 4# # 4 4#4 44# 4#444 444# #44.
# 444 parafilm# 444# oven#4 44# 4 24^# 4444 444 #
4 4#4 4444. 444# 44 #44 444 #4#4 4## 4 4 4
34
4. 4144 #4 4 5444 44# 444 polishing0] 45# 4 #4 #
2] A}44 ##44 Thorlabs 42] fiber polishing# lapping films (LFP5P,
LFP3P, LFP1P, LFP03P)# #44 55 4444 polishing 444 44.
(http://www.thorlabs.com #2:) °] 4 4 444 444 Bryans 44 5314; 4
444 P-4 44 4444 45. 45 7] 45 44.128]44 2-64 4 44# #44 454 #4 3i4M5#2] .44-# oven
4 #444 44 5#°] 4. 44 2-74 oven44 condensation0] 454 314]
45€4 s4°14.
35
-------Methanol 81ml7.2ml of [Distilled water (360mL)+HCl(lM)0.3ml]---- Distilled water 27ml---- Glycerol 7.2ml
Dye solution
Laser medium
Uncover sealing
40 - 52°C, 2 days in oven
40 - 52°C, 2 weeks in oven
TMOS(tetramethylorthosilicate) 22ml
Pouring into polystylene cuvettes and sealing
40min(methanol) 70°C, gentle stirring in water bath
Put in a container and place in a water bathShake for 15min in ultrasonic bath to be mixed evenly
3.^ 2-12 TMOS# sol-gel 444^
36
2-6 ## W (#*1*1 Wg, RhBdoped-, Rh6G doped-, Pure sol-gel)
3.^1 2-7 ^1)2:7)- #5.# sol-gel Ji^l] (pure sol-gel , RhBdoped sol-gel)
- 37 -
4] 3 ^ Ji#] 4^#
344### 444 444## 4# #7] 444# 4441# #44 44# 444 4 #4444=44 # 444 444 44 #44 M44 W=44 44. 1# 344### #4 #3I#7> #444# #4 24444#4 4#4 4& #4 ###4 914###. # 4#44# ###4 344##4 #4^# ^A}e}4 4-4- 612nm4 TEMw 33, 4 44^ 1.04mrad# 4:#He-Ne 4 4 4 (Research Electro-Optics, Inc. Model : LHOR-0300)# ###4 4-. 3^ 2-13# ##, He-Ne 444 4# &4447} 200mm# #3# 4## 4 34#44#4 ####3, 44 433 444# 44444 44# 4 5mm491#. 3## #4 3.44-44# 444 ### 4# #4#91#4 4d: 4## #4:4 44 50mm## 4#4# 44 ### 444 44 444 #3 4 #$14-. 44-4 344### 44# 43#4#y] 4 #4 ##4-4 344# 4# #4 #4 44# #4 #914. 34 3 444 44# Rhodamine 6G(Exiton)4 4## 4 71-#4 444 914. 44444 34 4 #4# 44 44 4 444913 4#7l ^##4 ##91## #4 444 4##4 4## 443 4# MMA4 #44 444. 4#44 3444434 4#4 4# #4# 44, 3# 2-144 (a)44 (e)# 44 L14# L5#4 44# 4##
44 #44 444 4# 444 444. 34 2-144 (e)# 434 34444
#4# 4## ##4#3 ####& 4 # mm4##4 44 4# 4444
3 g## 4# #4# #44. &44444 He-Ne4 444 44 444 4
#4Mm447> 433 34444# 444 44# 444 4# #4 4#4 #
44914. ##7143 444 444 4#4 4# 44# 3^ 2-144 (f)44
(k)#4 #4^91#. 4 4#4 444# 4##44 4 44 4=4 ###44
g#44 443 #4#4 ##913# #44 44# 4# ##44# 4##
34444#444 444 4## 4## #3 914. ## #444 4 44#
#4 4=914. #44(Zygo Corp.)# 4## # 4#4 #43# #4#4 #44
#44 ### 4#4 4# ##433 #449134, 4#4 34 4### #
4#4#4 4#4 444 91914. 4# 444## 344##4 4# 4##
#4 4-## ##4 44# #4 4=3 #4#9M 4#4#. 444 44444
#44 #4#4 ##3 4#4 4#4 #4 9144, #47]444 round-trip#
# 4 43 44# ##4# 4 ### #3433 3444 4#4# #44
- 38 -
4 4^54 3M4 #44^4 4% 444 ^_44 44. ^4 #44^1444 #445 44# #444.
Spatial Mode
f = 200mmA...
He-Ne Laser
V
L=50mm4—i.
ScreenSolid-State Dye
Commercial Solid-State Dye
Manufactured Solid-State Dye
DII 0miM#9
^4 2-14. 4 #4 -44 He-Ne 444 44 4445.
- 39 -
X 10-4
Wavelength(nm)3.4 2-15 a.44 ^#4 44^ ^ 4444
3.^ 2-16. Zygo# 444 444 44.
- 40 -
^44^ #44 4^7] 10.8% 4^-4 GIM4 #444
4# 4^7] &&# 1.2%44. S# Z4H^M4 #4#^## 3ns44. 4
#4 Z3H^ 4"4# #4# #4 3mJ/pulse( 5-9 J/cm44 4#4444
4 4&4 4r# #44-^# 444
oT 800 -Slope Efficiency = 10.8 %
Q. 600 -
~ 400 -
5 200 -
Pump Energy(mJZpulse)
Zi4 2-17 4#4 #44444 z4M^ 4444 #4#&
Poly(methyl methacrylate)
NK-55
10 20 30 40 50 60 70Number of laser pulses x 1000
- 41
3.4 2-18 444 ^44444 NK-55 ^ PMMA 34143: 4444 4^4
44#43414 3: #4 7>4- e 444 4444 44 44 1444 344 eflo]x4 4
7+44 4 41 photodegradation 4 4. °] 4 1 photodegradation4 414141 4 4 7\
47} 444 3 44^4 44^ singlet oxygen33 14 4 $14. 3 4 lr
pyrromethene 567 4 34 4 4 4 =h4| 344. 3 4 4 # =4 $14°1 singlet
oxygen4 4 4 x] =h43 43:4 344 14 (triplet state)4 t] 4 444—4. 4
^4 444 44444 4^7}^## 4 4 $14. 444 4:34 #4]# 434
44^44 4:34 44 #44-4 43:4-0-4 434 4 4 #4 4- 4:34 44^
4 44 43:4'-@-i: 43-4 4 44 photodegrationlr 44 444. °14 4 44-7]
444 3443 4 #4 4 43:# 417]# # 4# 47}4# "#4 4^4 44
4# 3443#4 W4# 444$14.
S 2 = 3.1 ±0.08 eV = 3.18±0.1 eV
X= 410±10nm X = 800+50 nm
,67± 0.04 eVX T = 110 |± s
X = 540 i5 nm
X = 920± 25 nm
singlet oxygen = 0.98 eV
G = 0 eV
72-4 2-19 Pyrromethene 5674 4 4 4 44
#4:43(photostability)#4# ^^31# 4^444 #443: 4#4 $14. 1^3443 4&4 1# 44444 1^# 4^4$14.
r( t )i f) - 6Photostability (P. S) = , (GJ/mol)
7lr LC
444 E# 134- 444(rnj), Tpo # &4 #44 #3#. ^@444444 ^
- 42 -
plane-plane #4444 44# 15mm4JL lens# 4#44 all°1 4 'Da] 4^^.
2mms. #44 444 4 44444. 44 # 444£ #4s## a.4#4.
HR >560nm R=70% broadband90% T @ 532nmFocusing lenses
Solid dye sample
214 2-20 M4# 4444 4)4 444-4^
44 2-8 3.44^# 444 444 4 44s 444-4 (4#4 M4 41444# 4#4 4 44)
5 2-34 PMMA4 444 #44 4# 444 s #4 4444. #4 44 4
44# 444 24444 444s 44# 4444S4 #4 Tinuvin# 4
44 4#4) 44 3 44 444s# ^ $1## ^ # $1^4.
- 43 -
a 2-3 4/Ml 4 4# PMMA z4H^#4 444 ^4
AdditiveRelative cone.
additive(additive/P567)
Relativeefficiency
(additive/P567)
Highestphotostability
(GJ/mol)
Increase inphotostability(additive/P567)
None 0 1.00 20 1.00COT 0.25 1.00 40 2.00
Dabco 0.2 0.95 45 2.25Tinuvin 770 0.5 0.85 60 3.00
TMP 0.5 0.91 50 2.5
TP A 0.5 0.91 40 2.00
it 2-4fe #44 A# 4 44 pyrromethene 3.4 4] dh #4 4 /J4 # 444 4 4
4 4## #4% #4&4 4^ #4 Dabco# ^/J444 44 4 5
44 444A# 4# 4 444.
it 2-4 pyrromethene°] 444 sol-gel 3.44^#4 4 444 4# 4444 44
Additive Cone, of additive(1x10-4 M)
Efficiency(%)
Photostability(GJ/mol)
Increase inphotostability
None 0 25 40 1.0TP A 66.8 22 160 4.0TMP 13.3 20 152 3.8
Tinuvin 770 33.4 20 165 4.1Dabco 66.8 24 200 5.0
- 44 -
*tl 3 & nl-g-71-a all o 1*1
4] 1 ^ 4^=^ 4^-7}^ 4]^]^ ^^17] 4]3]-
1. Littrow 4 447}# 544#444 44
5 4447-1# 444 ^§44 447}# 5445 44 4 #44# 4444
zl 444- 54444. 44 444 14454 444 Littrow 4 4444 4
44 4 #4 5## 54 #4. Littrow #44# 44 4447}# 7}#e}
4 1444# ## 44 feedback 44554 44# 4444 444 44#
#54 4 44.
44 3-1 : 444 Littrow4 4444 44 44 445#
54 3-1 4 3-2# 44 Rh6G 4 RhB# 47}# PMMA 5^45 ## 4#
4 447}4 44 4444. 5444 4 4 444 545nm-625nm 4 444 4
4# 4#45 44# # ### 54#4.
- 45 -
530 540 550 560 570 580 590 Wavelength(nm)
3.^ 3-1 PMMA4 Rhodamine 6G 4 B7} ^7}^ ^
570 580 590 600 610 620 630 Wavelength(nm)
3.^ 3-2. PMMA4 Rhodamine 6G 4 B7} ^7}^
2. %|]^-
^44 4^44 =r 4^# 44# 3-44^4. 3.44^4 7}4 e 44 4 4444 444 44 44 ^1444 4^44 4d: 444
- 46 -
1 #4 4 (photodegradation) 4 4. 4 4 4 H4 414H H# 445# 4 44 #40] 444-^ 4 14 4 4 #14 1# 431%M 1114 ^#44-.°] HH 444 44, 4tt71 (free radicals), 1#4 4444, #### 44# #44 #!#! Ml# 4444. 51# 1#1# !#!4 44444 4 444 444 44 44444 4444445. 444*1 44 444 4 4 44# 4#44 #4144 444# 14# #444. 4##44 14, #4 4 4444 1## 44# 51# 31## 4#, 5# 44 !3#4 (finance) 4 44 44#44. 4#4 4#44# 444 #44 4### 444#4 4# 444# 44 4 #414#€# 4 4 5# 4#44###4 4#4# ###4444 114## 444. 444 ##54 ##44 44 1# 44# 4# 4#5 4#4 4 4# #444# 444#. 441 #44 1#!5# 1134 1#4 4441# #3# A}## # m.
4-4 3-2 !!##! 44##4 4#4 441 #4# 344#314 4
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- 47 -
#4 #4 ##4^.4 44"% l.5GHz44 4# # #
4-------- ►
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44
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- 48 -
4M ^444 44 ^ 3-3 4r #4444 44 ^4^44 47] 4#4 4444 44 #4 ^4^44 #4 #444.
- 49 -
15000
12500 -Self-Seeded Output
7500 -
5000 -Broadband Output
2500 -
550 560 570 580 590 600 610
Wavelength(nm)
#4 3-3 Self-Seeding 444 #44 4 #4^ #44444 3] 4 4 #33 Arteej ti]57.
5. #44 #4 4444 5 4] 4# 4 4 4 444 7^4
444 44 4444 #44#444 4444 444 4 44 4, 44444
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#4444 442-444 #4 # #4#4#4# #4 4 44444.
- 50 -
25000 -
20000 -
15000 -
10000 -
5000 -
Wavelength(nm)
- 51
6. Three color 3] °] 4 4471 ^114
494*1 4^44 314444 SLM 944#44 99 #4- 4 4
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- 52
3000 -
2500 -
2000
1500 -
1000
500 -
560 570 580 590 600 610 620Wavelength(nm)
54 3-5 454 34# 4444 44 5#4 #4 5#m4
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- 53 -
H|/aBJ
jJrjStr ■
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4# 3-8 3M44 44 2.^
3000
2500
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_o5 15006to5 1000
500
0540 550 560 570 580 590
Wavelength (nm )
3 4 3-6 DFDL 3M4 #4 ^4^4
4] 2 ^ 4^-
447t4 3M44 4^# 44447] 444 7}/]^-#^ 244 (seh-seeded
dual- wavelength) 2 4| 4 4 4 4 44 4444 4444 # 44 44 444.
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J L
- 54 -
4444 °1] 444 DCmotorfe- Maxon4 ^#44 Stepmotor4 Oriental motor
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- 55 -
4# 3-10
- 56 -
*tl 4 & ^5 ^
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- 57 -
n 5 #
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- 60 -
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SHEET
Performing Org. Report No.
Sponsoring Org. Report No.
Stamdard Report No. INIS Subject Code
KAERI/RR-2165/2001
Title / Subtitle Development of the plastic solid-dye cell for tunable
solid-state dye lasers and study on its optical propertiesProject Manager and Department
Ko, Do-Kyeong (Quantum Optics Team)
Researcher andDepartment
Byung Heon Cha(Quantum Optics Team), E C. Jung("),
Changhwan Lim("), Hyunsu Kim("), Gwon Lim(")
PublicationPlace
Taejon Publisher KAERIPublication
DateJan. 2001
Page 60p. 111. & Tab. Yes( o ), No ( ) Size 29.7 Cm.
Note ’01 Institute Basic Project
Classified Open( O ), Restricted( ),___Class Document
Report Type Research Report
Sponsoring Org. Contract No.
Abstract (15-20Lines)
we have fabricated solid-state dyes with PMMA and sol-gel materials.We developed various kinds of solid-state dye lasers, such
as single mode laser, a self-seeded laser, a dualwave laser oscillator and DFDL with solid-state dyes and investigated their operation characteristics And we have constructed the 3-color solid-state dye laser oscillator and amplifier system and observed 3-color operation. We also improved the laser oscillator by installing the motorized frequency tuner. We studied the photostability of the solid-state dyes by adding various kinds of additives and achieved 3 times and 5 times enhancement in photostability in PMMA and sol-gel samples, respectively.
Subject Keywords (About 10 words)
solid-state dyes, tunable, PMMA, sol-gel, laser, single-longitudinal mode, self-seeding, dual wave, frequency tuner, photostability