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Study on Effectiveness of OJT for

Refrigeration and Air –Conditioning Mechanic

Course

June 2015

RESEARCH TEAM

Mr. P.C.P.Jayathilake, Deputy Director General & Director (P&R)

Mr. H.G.K.N. Bandara, Assistant Director (P&R)

Ms. Priyanga Nanayakkara, Acting Deputy Director (P&R)

(P & R Division- Tertiary and Vocational Education Commission)

Content

Page no

List of Tables …………………………………………………………………….. і - іі

List of Figures …………………………………………………………………… ііі - ііі

Foreword ………………………………………………………………………… ѵі

Abbreviations ……………………………………………………………………. ѵ

Abstract (Executive Summary) ………………………………………………….. ѵі - ѵііі

Chapter 01: Introduction

1.1: Introduction…………………………………………………………………. 01-03

1.2: Research Objectives ………………………………………………………… 03-03

1.3. Beneficiary Parties………………………………………………………….. 03-03

1.4. Literature Review …………………………………………………………….. 04-04

1.5: Research Methodology ……………………………………………………… 04-05.

1.5:1: Population and sample……………………………………………. 04-04

1.5:2: Data Collection……………………………………………………. 12-12.

1.5:3: Data analysis ……………………………………………………… 05-05.

1.6: Limitation of the Study ……………………………………………………... 05-05.

Chapter 02: literature review …………………………………………………… 06-09.

Chapter 03: Analysis of Data…………………………………………………….. 11-36

Chapter 04: Conclusion and suggestions……………………………………… 37-39

References……………………………………………………………………….. 40-40

List of Tables

Page no.

Table. 3.1- Distribution of students by Influencing factors for

Select Ref. & AC for OJT Training……………………………………….. 12-12

Table.3.2- Distribution of students by selecting method of OJT Center……………. 13-13

Table.3.3. Distribution of Total sample by Male and Female………………… …….. 14-14

Table.3.4. Distribution of students by their awareness of OJT content………. …….. 14-14

Table.3.5. Check the OJT Training quality by NAITA

instructor during the OJT.………………………………………………… 15-15

Table.3.6. OJT Inspection time by NAITA officer …………………………………. 15-15

Table.3.7. Distribution of students by paid or not during training period………….. 16-16

Table.3.8. Distribution of students by allowance per month during

training period ……………………………………………………………. 16-16

Table.3.9. Distribution of students by Distance for OJT center……………………… 17-17

Table.3.10. Distribution of proposed Training duration by OJT Students………….. 18-18

Table.3.11. Distribution of student’s perception by OJT training time………………... 18-18

Table.3.12. Students perception on Theory & Practical

knowledge of OJT Instructors…………………………………………….. 18-18

Table.3.13. Students perception on the support of OJT Instructor &

other members of OJT Institute during OJT ……………………… ……. 19-19

Table.3.14. Students perception on the safety &

Sanitary facilities of OJT Institute. ………………..…………………….. 20-20

Table.3.15. Students perception on theory knowledge can be apply to

Practical work in OJT Training……………………………………………. 20-20

Table.3.16. Students perception on adequacy of Modern equipment’s for OJT………. 21-21

Table.3.17. Students perception on workshop facilities of OJT center. …………….. 22-22

Table.3.18. Students perception of given opportunities for equipment

repair during OJT (%)………………………............................................ 22-22

Table.3.19. Students overall satisfaction of OJT training…………………………….. 23-23

Table.3.20. Difficulties’ face by OJT Students during OJT training……. ……………. 23-23

Table.3.21. Distribution of student’s perception by clarification time………………… 24-24

Table.3.22. Student’s perception by can work together………………………………. 25-25

Table.3.23. Student’s perception of work received for the

OJT center to get their services per month………………………………… 25-25

Table.3.24. Student’s Ideas for develop OJT…………………………………………. 26-26

Table.3.25. Details of Institutions by the number of current Training Students.. ……. 27-27

Table.3.26. Details of Institutions by their training capacity …………………………. 28-28

Table.3.27. Distribution of Institutions by days per week in OJT …………………… 28-28

Table.3.28. Distribution of Institutes by OJT students in past 5 years……………… 29-29

Table.3.29. Details of OJT Providers on the requirement of

more students for OJT…………………………………………….. ……. 30-30

Table.3.30. Distribution of OJT Providers by required number of students

for OJT (If Yes)…………………………………………………………… 31-31

Table.3.31. Distribution of OJT Providers by voluntary allowance

for students during the Training (per Month)……………………............. 31-31

Table.3.32. Distribution of OJT Providers by capacity of existing facilities…………. 32-32

Table.3.33. Distribution of OJT Providers by No of customers

Seeking services per month……………………………………………….. 33-33

Table.3.34. OJT Providers perception of Students…………..………………………… 34-34

Table.3.35. Distribution of OJT Providers by give permanent job after OJT………….. 35-35

Table.3.36. Details of recruitment for permanent job after OJT by Years……………. 35-35

List of Figures

Page no.

Figure.3.1. Distribution of students by Influencing factors

for Select Ref. & AC for OJT Training …………………………………… 12-12

Figure.3.2. Distribution of students by selecting method of OJT Center ……………. 13-13

Figure.3.3. Distribution of Total sample by Male and Female ………………………. 14-14

Figure.3.4. Check the OJT Training quality by NAITA instructor during the OJT……….. 15-15

Figure.3.5. Distribution of students by allowance per month

During training period…………………………………………………….. 16-16

Figure.3.6. Distribution of students by Distance for OJT center……………… …….. 17-17

Figure.3.7. Students perception on Theory & Practical knowledge

-of OJT Instructors…………………………………………………………. 19-19

Figure.3.8. Students perception on the safety & Sanitary facilities of OJT Institute….. 20-20

Figure.3.9. Students perception on adequacy of Modern equipment’s for OJT……… 21-21

Figure.3.10. Students perception of given opportunities for equipment repair during OJT.. 22-22

Figure.3.11. Students overall satisfaction of OJT training………………………………. 23-23

Figure.3.12. Distribution of student’s perception by clarification time …………........ 24-24

Figure.3.13. Student’s perception of work received for the OJT center

- to get their services per month…………………………………………… 25-25

Figure.3.14. Student’s Ideas for develop OJT ……...................................................... 26-26

Figure.3.15. Details of Institutions by the number of current Training Students……… 27-27

Figure.3.16. Distribution of Institutions by OJT Training days per week……………. 28-28

Figure.3.17. Distribution of Institutes by OJT students in past 5 years……………….. 29-29

Figure.3.18. Details of OJT Providers on the requirement of more students for OJT. … 30-30

Figure.3.19. Distribution of OJT Providers by voluntary allowance for students

during the Training (per Month)………………………………………….. 32-32

Figure.3.20. Distribution of OJT Providers by No of Customers seeking

services per month………………………………………………………… 33-33

Figure.3.21. OJT Providers perception of Students…………………………………….. 34-34

Figure.3.22. Details of recruitment for permanent job after OJT by Years ……… …….. 35-35

Abbreviation

OJT On the Job Training

RPL Recognition of Prior Learning

TVE Tertiary and Vocational Education

TVEC Tertiary and Vocational Education Commission

TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training

VTA Vocational Training Authority

VTC Vocational Training Centre

UNIVOTEC University of Vocational Technology

NAITA National Apprentice and Industrial Training Authority

HR Human Resources

MYASD Ministry of Youth Affairs and Skills Development

NCS National Competency Standards

NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations

NVQ National Vocational Qualifications

NYSC National Youth Services Council

COT College of Technology

SPSS Statistical package for social science

DCS Department of Census and Statistics

DTET Department of Technical Education and Training

G.C.E.(A/L) General Certificate in Education (Advanced Level)

G.C.E.(O/L) General Certificate in Education (Ordinary Level)

AD Assistant Director

D Director

DDG Deputy Director General

NVQSL National Vocational Qualification system in Sri Lanka

Executive Summary

Sri Lankan Government is continuously working towards enhancing the human resource

development in the country to meet the ever increasing demand emanated from national and

international labor market looking for high quality skills. One of the major problems faced by the Sri

Lanka is unemployment among educated and young people due to lack of competences demanded

by the labour market. The Technical and Vocational Education and Training system in Sri Lanka

including on the Job Training as a vital component provides opportunity for sustainable and strategic

solutions for national training needs as well as for the unemployment problem in both formal and

non-formal sectors and supply the required human resources with right quality and relevance.

This research study has examined the effectiveness of OJT training for the development of TVET

sector in Sri Lanka. The objectives of this study are to:

a. Overall objective;

• To analyze and make suggestions to strengthening the on the job training of selected

occupation.

b. Specific Objectives;

• To identify the infrastructure facilities, Machinery and Equipment’s, Training

facilities…etc. are most important factors for quality of industrial training (OJT). In this

study mainly attempt to identify availability and adequacy of above facilities in OJT

providers.

• To propose future requirements and future reforms in Refrigeration and Air-condition

mechanic course

• To identify the quality and effectiveness of OJT in the Refrigeration and Air-condition

mechanic course

Data was collected by using primary & secondary sources. Field survey method using structured

questionnaire was adopted to collect primary data. As the main data collection instrument, two

questionnaires were developed for OJT Students and OJT Providers respectively. Secondary data

was collected from various sources i.e. reports of TVEC, NAITA and other institutions, web sites of

TVET organizations.

Target population was both OJT Students and OJT Providers for Refrigeration and Air –

Conditioning Mechanic Course in western province. The sample size of the study is considered as 40

Students and 40 OJT Institutes. After gathering data, relevant coding and data analysis were carried

out using SPSS package and cross tabulation and graphical methods also used.

Main Findings of the study are as follows:

• VT Training importance to life is the most effective factor to attract VT students for Ref. &

AC Sector, which is 47.5%. For Friends influence (12.5%), Go for abroad job (10%), Start

SME (12.5%) seem to be of very low effectiveness to enter the OJT which is 25%.

• Majority of OJT Students have been selected their OJT centers through NAITA. Therefore

NAITA is played major role in OJT Training in Srilanka. Which percentage is 70%. Other

factors have given less contribution for select OJT Center.

• 25 students have proposed their appropriate OJT Time duration is 01 year and above, which

percentage is 62.5%. Majority of training students like to get more time for OJT,

• Majority of the OJT training students have good awareness of OJT course outline (content).

i.e. 29 (72.5%) students have less awareness. But 27.5% OJT Students are needed more

awareness of OJT Content.

• 34 OJT students are mentioned NAITA Officer have come for inspection at least one time for

month. Which percentage is 68%.

• 17 (42.5%) students which is the majority are earning between Rs. 5001 and Rs. 10 000 per

month during the OJT. And 4 (10%) students are earning between Rs. 10 001 and Rs. 15 000

per month. And 14 (35%) students are earning Rs. 15 001 or above per month. Only 05

(12.5%) students are earning less than Rs. 5 000 per month which percentage is 12.5%.

• 04 (10%) students are mentioned they have not enough time for OJT.

• All OJT students are satisfied about Theory and Practical Knowledge of OJT Instructors.

• Total of 39 OJT students have mentioned that the arrangements of OJT Institutes of their

safety & Sanitary facilities is good which is 97.5%.

• All OJT students have said sufficient equipment and workshop facilities are available in the

OJT Institute.

• 39 OJT students have said they have not faced difficulties in OJT Training

• 37 OJT Students have mentioned the OJT center have received enough work per month for

get theirs service, which percentage is 92.5.

• The majority of OJT Students have proposed Provide permanent job opportunities after

training is most important for develop OJT and it can be attract OJT Students to OJT center.

Which percentage is 20%. And 07 OJT students (17.5%) have proposed Provide

opportunities for foreign gobs after OJT is very important. Provide more salary in OJT

training, Need more technical knowledge and Provide more time for OJT are influencing

factors for develop OJT.

• Total 29 training providers train less than three (03) students, which is 72.5%. Among them

08 OJT providers train only one student which is 20%.

• 22 training providers can train more than six (06) students, which is 55%. Among them 08

OJT Centers have training capacity for more than 11 students.

• 34 OJT Institutes are conducted their OJT Training for 06 days per week, which percentage is

85 %.

• Majority of OJT center have trained less than 03 students last five (05) year

• Majority of the garages have said that they are in need of more students, which is77.5%

• 23 garages pay between Rs. 6000 and Rs. 10 999 per month. 10 OJT Providers pay Rs. 16

000 and above per month which is 25%.

• 20 OJT Centers have facilities for less than 10 students, 19 OJT centers have mentioned they

have facilities for 11 - 20 students.

• 25 OJT training providers have mentioned 21-50 customers are come per month for get theirs

service which percentage is 62.5%. 13 OJT Providers are provided theirs services for more

than 51 customers per months.

• 23 OJT training providers satisfied Positive attitudes of Trainees which percentage is 57.5% ,

13 OJT training providers have not satisfied Attendance of Trainees which percentage is

32.5%. and 16 OJT Providers are not satisfied of Theory Knowledge of Trainees which

percentage is 40%.

• 23 OJT training providers are concerned provide permanent job for OJT students after OJT in

their Company.

Chapter 01

Introduction

1

01.1. Introduction

The National Vocational Qualification system in Sri Lanka (NVQSL) provides a structured seven

levels of qualifications from Level 01 to 07. Qualification at levels 1-4 allows for trainees to

upgrade competencies starting from unskilled stage to reach full or master craft persons stage

through the acquisition of competencies specified at each level. NVQs are based on national

occupational standards. These standards are statements of performance that describe what competent

people in a particular occupation are expected to be able to do. They cover all the main aspects of an

occupation, including current best practice, the ability to adapt to future requirements and the

knowledge and understanding that underpin competent performance. Therefore; Competency Base

Training offers following trainings;

Institutional Training

In this system, trainees are directly enrolled at the National Level Training Institutes or at the

Apprenticeship training centres for a specific period of institutional training followed by an On-the-

Job Training (OJT) component in public or private sector industrial organizations. At the Institution

or the training centre theoretical and practical component of the training are provided. The duration

of the courses varies from 06 months to 01 years.

Industrial Training

After a satisfactory institutional training; trainee has opportunity to enter to Industrial training.

During the industrial training period trainee can develop competencies in contingency management,

job/role environment handling and transfer skills to different situations. Besides, it exposes the

trainee to real work place environment enabling his/her to acquire and enhance industry specific

performance standards, in line with CBT concepts.

Training is essential for the growth and economic well-being of the nation. In other words, Training

is one of the most pervasive methods for enhancing individual productivity and improving job

performance in the work environment (Goldstein and Ford 2002; Gupta and Bostrom 2006).

National Vocational Education and Training seeks to deliver training that meets the requirements of

the industry, thus making people employable; and to provide initial training to school leavers and

unemployed people to enhance their opportunities for employment and self-employment. On the job

training plays an important role in the TVET sector. It is essential investment for the gain of

individual productivity and finally for the country’s economic development. The advantage of the

2

OJT is to prepare the employee with the specific job with relevant skills that helps him or her to be

more readily suitable for a given job. Presently, in Sri Lanka the mismatch in general education

system with job opportunities in the labour market can be seen as a major hindrance to the

development effort. Presently many people in srilanka have been engaged in Ref & AC sector and

have provided many employment opportunities in the country. There are many private OJT institutes

that provide many employment opportunities including small timers and self-employed.

The Government has the responsibility to ensure the development of nationally and internationally

competent labour force in order to enhance the sustainable development of the country. The

Technical and Vocational Education and Training system in Sri Lanka provides the opportunity for

on the job Training. And OJT is created the competent labour as well as strategic solutions for the

unemployment problem in both formal and non-formal sectors.

Huge allocations are provided by Government and foreign projects for Human Resource

Development with quality training. However it is questionable that how good this training is

effective and to what extent these allocations are utilized correctly. This research study, examined

effectiveness of OJT training in Ref & AC sector of Sri Lanka would be benefited to understand

what are the short comings of On the job training process and after to suggest some solutions.

On-the-job training is training that takes place at the work site and is supervised by a manager or an

experienced worker. Usually a professional trainer (or sometimes an experienced employee) serves

as the course instructor using hands-on training often supported by formal classroom training. On-

the-job training describes the process of teaching an employee to complete the key activities needed

for their job. This type of training can be formal or informal. In the OJT training more experienced

employee’s work together with new employee to teach them how to do the job correctly. Most

trainees are placed for a period lasting up to six months in a shop or workshop to further enhance

their practical skills. It also gives them the opportunity to learn firsthand what the “real” work

requires in terms of attitudes, customer relations, etc. Large numbers of trainees are getting

employment of the same firms after their OJT. On-the-job training develops job skills of workers

and trains the future labour force. It can be delivered in different ways, from formal classroom

settings to informal job shadowing. OJT training is provided the best chance of keeping a job and

earning higher wages.

3

OJT is observational learning method in working environment. In antiquity, the kind of work that

people did was mainly unskilled or semiskilled work that did not require specialized knowledge.

Parents or other community members, who knew how to do a job, passed their knowledge on to the

children. The knowledge and skills presented during on-the-job are directly related to job

requirements. Job instruction technique, job rotation, coaching and apprenticeship training are the

common forms of on-the job training methods. But in present, OJT is a popular method of the

training. It is normally inexpensive method in training, because no special equipment is needed other

than what is normally used on the job.

01.2. Research objectives;

a. Overall objective;

• To analyze and make suggestions to strengthening the on the job training of selected

occupation.

b. Specific Objectives;

• To identify the infrastructure facilities, Machinery and Equipment’s, Training

facilities…etc. are most important factors for quality of industrial training (OJT). In this

study mainly attempt to identify availability and adequacy of above facilities in OJT

providers.

• To propose future requirements and future reforms in Refrigeration and Air-condition

mechanic course

• To identify the quality and effectiveness of OJT in the Refrigeration and Air-condition

mechanic course

01.3. Beneficiary Parties

• TVEC

• NAITA

• Public Private and NGO sector training providers

• Trainers

• Trainees

4

01.4. Literature Review

At the first stage a literature survey was conducted in order to identify the effectiveness of OJT

training in Automobile sector. Literature review will be discussed in 02nd

chapter.

01.5. Methodology

Under the research methodology include population, sample frame and the method of data

collection and data analysis.

01.5.1. Population and sample.

The target population was all OJT providers & OJT students in the Ref & AC Sector in Western

Province.

Total Sample: Out of 728 trainees registered for industrial training in the year 2014; 395 trainees are

engaging their industrial training in western province. Therefore P&R division decided select the

western province to collect data of the research. Among the 154 NVQ trainees 40 trainees will be

selected randomly.

Out of 106 registered training providers with NAITA 40 training providers will be selected randomly

too.

01.5.2. Data Collection

Field survey method was adopted to collect primary data and as the main data collection instrument,

02 questionnaires were developed in Sinhala medium to collect primary data from students and OJT

Providers. Selected 40 OJT Students were interviewed who are currently on training in registered

OJT Providers with NAITA. And 40 OJT Training Providers also interviewed.

Before the actual survey, a pilot survey in order to finalize the questionnaires was conducted. 02

students and 02 OJT providers were interviewed and finally both questionnaires were finalized.

Questionnaires consist of structured and open ended questions.

Primary data.

As the main data collection instrument, questionnaires were developed and face to face interviews

were conducted. Random sampling method was used to select Training centers and Students.

Secondary data.

Secondary data has been collected from institutional reports, web sites of relevant organizations,

books and articles published by various institutes.

5

01.5.3. Data analysis

Collected relevant details and information from formal questioners and field survey interviews were

analyzed by quantitative methods using by SPSS package. Cross tabulation and graphic were used

for published final findings and effective information

01.06. Limitation of the study

01. Considered only one Province which is Western Province.

02. Only 40 OJT Training providers and 40 Students were selected.

03. Considered only Ref & AC sector.

6

Chapter 02.

Literature survey

7

2.1. Introduction

At the first stage examined the literature in order to identify effectiveness of OJT training in

Automobile sector. Previous studies and information of the OJT training in Automobile sector

discussed under the literature review.

One research study has been completed in previous year (2014) by TVEC of “Study on effectiveness

of OJT (special emphasis of Automobile sector) in Colombo District.” but other research studies of

this matter has not been conducted in Sri Lanka. Therefore, any books or journal has not written

about this specific topic. In this research literature review has concerned on below topics. But

• NVQ system in Sri Lanka

• Concept of On the Job Training system in Sri Lanka

• NVQ operational Manual

• Table- 2.1- Training details of the Refrigeration and Air condition mechanic in 2014

District Total registered

Trainees

Total registered

trainees in NVQ

system

01. Ampara 16 00

02. Anuradhapura 20 05

03. Badulla 17 12

04. Batticaloa 01 00

05. Colombo 220 99

06 Galle 54 32

07 Gampaha 118 15

08 Jaffna 09 00

09 Kalutara 57 40

10 Kandy 14 12

11 Kegalle 19 13

12 Kurunegala 39 16

13 Mannar 03 00

14 Matale 10 03

15 Matara 23 05

16 Moneragala 06 00

8

17 Polonnaruwa 10 05

18 Puttalam 28 05

19 Ratnapura 25 10

20 Trincomalee 35 00

21 Vavuniya 04 00

Grand Total 728 272

Source by: NAITA Head Office

According to above table, approximately 728 OJT Students were enrolled under the courses of Ref &

AC by NAITA in 2014. And 272 students were enrolled in NVQ System. Among NVQ Stream 154

Students have been enrolled in Western Province. (Colombo-99, Gampaha-15, Kalutara- 40 = 154)

Generally, NAITA is playing major role for direct students for OJT or Industrial Training through

registered OJT Institutes. Details are given following table.

Table 2.2- Registered OJT Providers with NAITA. (For Ref & AC sector)

Item Year 2014

Registered OJT Providers in sri lanka 295

Registered OJT in Western Province 161

According to above tables, Total 295 Training places (OJT Providers) have been registered with

NAITA Island wide and 161 Training institutes have been registered in Western Province.

Previous Research

One research study regarding effectiveness of On the Job Training of Automobile Sector in Colombo

District has been completed by P&R Division of TVEC in 2014. This research study has been

examined the effectiveness of OJT training for the development of TVET sector in Sri Lanka. The

objectives of this study were,

01. Identify the Quality and effectiveness of OJT in the Automobile sector,

02. Identify availability and adequacy of training facilities in registered OJT Providers

(Garages).

03. Propose requirements and improvements in OJT of Automobile sector.

Main Findings of the study were as follows:

• Both Students and Instructors were male, which was 100%. This shows that Female

participation in the Automobile sector was very low.

9

• Out of the total sample of 40 students, 34 Students have entered to Private training institutes

for their OJT Training, which percentage was 85%. This shows that Private OJT Training

Providers (Garages) were played a major role in the industry.

• 28 students (70%) have mentioned their OJT Time duration is 2 years or less than 2 years.

• 24 out of 40 OJT students equivalent to 60% have less awareness of their OJT course outline

(content).

• Obtaining practical experience before their permanent jobs was the most effective factor to

attract VT students for OJT training which percentages to 75%.

• 20 (50%) OJT Training students have mentioned that after the OJT Training they will do the

job in the same field.

• Majority students amounting to 98% have mentioned that Vocational training Instructors visit

and check their OJT Training quality.

• 36 (90%) OJT students were trained 08 hours or more per day. Training time was very

importance factors for OJT quality.

• Availability of Jobs (12.5%) friend’s influence (30%) and Training Importance to life (25%)

seems to be of very low significant factors to attract youth for Automobile Sector for

Vocational training.

• 75% of the OJT Training has been arranged by the National Apprentice and Industrial

Training Authority.

• 36 (90%) students were very satisfied about the Practical knowledge receiving from OJT.

• 38 (96%) of OJT students were satisfied about OJT Institute observant of their safety,

adequacy and availability of safety equipment and sanitary facilities.

• 67.5% of Students have mentioned that the corporation extended by the Vocational Training

center is very good during the OJT training

• All OJT Students (100%) ware very satisfied of the availability and adequacy of training

equipment in OJT places.

• 33 (82.5%) training providers were currently training less than three students. and two of

them were not having any trainees at present.

• 60% training providers have good and enough training capacity to train 04 or above OJT

Students;

• 23 garages have over 07 years’ experience in OJT training in Automobile sector

10

• 36 (90%) garages have training equipment for training of more than 03 students. Among

them 13 Garages can train 10 or more students with their existing equipment.

• 11 OJT providers mentioned that less than 20 vehicles come per month to get theirs services

while 29 mentioned that more than 20 vehicles come per month to get their services. Among

them 15 OJT providers have mentioned 50 or more vehicles come per month to get their

services.

11

Chapter 03.

Data analysis.

12

Overview.

The survey was conducted using structured questionnaire to collect data. Total sample size was 80

out of which 40 are OJT students and 40 are OJT providers. To analyze data SPSS package was used

and also for graphical representations in this chapter. The key findings of this study are as follows.

Table. 3.1- Distribution of students by Influencing factors for Select Ref. & AC for OJT

Training.

Influencing Factors Most Importance 02nd Importance

Students Percentage Students Percentage

VT Training importance to life 19 47.5 18 45

Friends influence 5 12.5 1 2.5

Go for abroad job 4 10 3 7.5

Find job easy 6 15 7 17.5

Start SME 5 12.5 5 12.5

Other 1 2.5 6 15

Total 40 100 40 100

Source- Data from field survey 2015.

Figure. 3.1- Distribution of students by Influencing factors for Select Ref. & AC for OJT

Training.


13

Above table and figure show the distribution of students by Influencing factors for select Ref. & AC

for OJT Training. VT Training importance to life is the most effective factor to attract VT students

for Ref. & AC Sector, which is 47.5%. For Friends influence (12.5%), Go for abroad job (10%),

Start SME (12.5%) seem to be of very low effectiveness to enter the OJT which is 25%.

Table. 3.2- Distribution of students by selecting method of OJT Center

Selecting method Students Percentage

My self 2 5

Through NAITA 28 70

Through Friend 5 12.5

other 5 12.5

Total 40 100


Figure . 3.2- Distribution of students by selecting method of OJT Center


Above table and figure show the Distribution of students by selecting method of OJT Center.

Majority of OJT Students have been selected their OJT centers through NAITA. Therefore NAITA is

played major role in OJT Training in Srilanka. Which percentage is 70%. Other factors have given

less contribution for select OJT Center.

14

Table 3.3- Distribution of Total sample by Male and Female

Students OJT Instructor

Male Female Male Female

40 0 40 0


Figure 3.3- Distribution of Total sample by Male and Female


Above table and figure have shown the distribution of total sample by Male and Female. Out of the

total sample of students, all Students are male, which percentage is 100%. And Out of the total

sample of Instructor of OJT Providers, all instructors are male, of which the percentage is 100%.This

shows that Female participation in the Refrigeration and Air Conditioning sector is very poor.

Table. 3.4- Distribution of students by their awareness of OJT content.

Awareness Students Percentage

have good awareness 29 72.5

Have less awareness 11 27.5

Total 40 100.0


Above table has shown the distribution of OJT Training Students by their awareness of OJT content

(outlines). Majority of the OJT training students have good awareness of OJT course outline

(content). i.e. 29 students have less awareness which is 72.5%. And 11 OJT students have not good

awareness of OJT Content, which is 27.5%. they are expected more awareness of OJT Content.

15

Table. 3.5- Check the OJT Training quality by NAITA instructor during the OJT.

Students Percentage

No 1 2.5

Yes 39 97.5

Total 40 100

Source- Data from field survey 2015

Figure- 3.-4- Check the OJT Training quality by NAITA instructor during the OJT.

Source- Field survey data- 2015.

Above table and figure have described that the monitoring of OJT quality by NAITA instructors

during the OJT training. Majority of the students have said that the monitoring of their OJT quality is

carried out by Instructors which is 98%. Only one OJT Student have mentioned VT Instructors have

not been checked their OJT Training quality, the percentage is 2.5%.

Table. 3.6. OJT Inspection time by NAITA officer

Inspection time per month Students Percentage

never 1 2.5

visit for 3 month 5 12.5

visit one time for month 30 75

two times or more for month 4 10

Total 40 100 Source- Data from field survey 2015.

Above table and figure describe OJT Inspection time by NAITA officer during their OJT Training.

34 OJT students are mentioned NAITA Officer have come for inspection at least one time for month.

Which percentage is 68%. Among them 10% said NAITA Officer has come Two times or more for

month. And 05 (35%) students are mentioned NAITA Officer have come for 03 month.

16

Table. 3.7- Distribution of students by paid or not during training period

Yes or not Students Percentage

No 0 0

Yes 40 100

Total 40 100


Above table describe Distribution of students by paid or not during their OJT training period. All

Students which 100% have mentioned they are received some monthly payment for their work in the

OJT training period.

Table. 3.8- Distribution of students by allowance per month during training period

Amount Rs. No. of Students Percentage

Less 5000 5 12.5

5001- 10000 17 42.5

10001-15000 4 10

15 001 or above 14 35

Total 40 100


Figure. 3.5- Distribution of students by allowance per month during training period


17

Above table and figure show the Distribution of students by allowance per month during OJT

training period. 17 (42.5%) students which is the majority are earning between Rs. 5001 and Rs. 10

000 per month. And 4 (10%) students are earning between Rs. 10 001 and Rs. 15 000 per month.

And 14 (35%) students are earning Rs. 15 001 or above per month. Only 05 students are earning less

than Rs. 5 000 per month which percentage is 12.5%.

Table. 3.9- Distribution of students by Distance for OJT center

Distance No. of Students Percentage

less 1KM 7 17.5

2KM - 10KM 17 42.5

11KM- 20KM 14 35

more 21KM 2 5.0

Total 40 100.0


Figure. 3.6- Distribution of students by Distance for OJT center


Above table and figure show the Distribution of students by Distance for OJT center. 17 (42.5%)

students which is the majority have distance between 2Km – 10 KM for their OJT Training Center.

And 14 (35%) students have distance between 11KM – 20KM for OJT Center. 7 (17.5%) students

selected their OJT center very close. Their distance is less 1 KM.

18

Table. 3.10- Distribution of proposed Training duration by OJT Students.

Proposed Period Students Percentage

Less than 01 year 15 37.5

01 year 9 22.5

02 years 8 20

03 years or more 8 20

Total 40 100


Above table shown, distribution of students by proposed OJT Training duration. 8 students have

proposed their appropriate OJT training duration is 3 years or more which percentage is 20% it was

majority. 25 students have proposed their appropriate OJT Time duration is 01 year and above,

which percentage is 62.5%. Majority of training students like to get more time for OJT, i.e. 62.5% of

students have proposed their appropriate OJT Time duration is 01 year and above.

Table. 3.11- Distribution of student’s perception by OJT training time

Students Perception of OJT Time Students Percentage

Enough 16 40

Average 11 27.5

Not Enough time for OJT 13 32.5

Total 40 100


Above table show that the 40% of students have suitable time for their OJT Training. And 13

(32.5%) students are mentioned they have not enough time for OJT. Training Time is very

importance factor for prepare quality worker as well as achieve OJT Target.

Table. 3.12- Students perception on Theory & Practical knowledge of OJT Instructors

Theory & Practical knowledge of OJT

Instructors

Students Percentage

Highly enough 23 57.5

Enough 17 42.5

Total 40 100

Source- Data from field survey 2015

19

Figure- 3.7- Students perception on Theory & Practical knowledge of OJT Instructors


Above table and figure show the students’ perception on the Theory & Practical knowledge of OJT

Instructors. 40 (100%) of OJT students have mentioned that the theory and practical knowledge of

OJT Instructors are enough, among them 23 (57.5%) students have mention OJT instructors

Competencies are highly enough. Therefore many OJT students are very satisfied about Theory and

Practical Knowledge of OJT Instructors.

Table. 3.13- Students perception on the support of OJT Instructor & other members of OJT

Institute during OJT

Enough or not Students Percentage

enough 38 95

Not enough 2 5

Total 40 100


Above table describe the Students perception on the support of OJT Instructor & other members of

OJT Institute during OJT. Total 38 of OJT students have mentioned OJT Instructor & other members

of OJT Training center are giving good support for their OJT Training which is 95.%. Only 2 OJT

students have not any satisfaction of contribution and support given by OJT Instructor as well as

other members of the OJT Institution. Which percentage is 5%.

20

Table. 3.14- Students perception on the safety & Sanitary facilities of OJT Institute.

Selection Students Percentage

Highly enough 20 50

Enough 19 47.5

Not Enough 1 2.5


Figure- 3.8- Students perception on the safety & Sanitary facilities of OJT Institute.


Above table and figure describe the Students perception on the safety & Sanitary facilities of OJT

Institute. Total of 39 OJT students have mentioned that the arrangements of OJT Institutes of their

safety & Sanitary facilities is good which is 97.5%. Only one student is not satisfied about OJT

Institute’s arrangements on the safety & sanitary facilities.

Table. 3.15- Students perception on theory knowledge can be apply to Practical work in OJT

Training

Apply or not Students Percentage


Enough 25 62.5

Total 40 100.0 Source- Data from field survey 2015.

21

Above table describe the Students perception on theory knowledge can apply to Practical work in

OJT Training. All OJT students have mentioned there are appropriate opportunities for apply their

theory knowledge in practical work. Among them 37.5% are very satisfied.

Table. 3.16- Students perception on adequacy of Modern equipment’s for OJT.



Enough 25 62.5

Total 40 100.0 Source- Data from field survey 2015.

Figure- 3.8- Students perception on adequacy of Modern equipment’s for OJT.


Adequacy of Modern equipment’s is needed for enhance Training Quality. All OJT students have

said sufficient equipment is available in the OJT Institute and 37.5% are very satisfied about Modern

equipment’s used for the OJT. Availability of modern training equipment’s are very importance for

good quality training.

22

Table. 3.17- Students perception on workshop facilities of OJT center.



Enough 17 42.5

Total 40 100


Adequacy of workshop facilities are needed for enhance Training Quality and practical work. All

OJT students have said sufficient workshop facilities are available in the OJT Institute and 23 OJT

Students are very satisfied workshop facilities OJT.

Table. 3.18- Students perception of given opportunities for equipment repair during OJT (%)

Percentage Students Percentage

26- 50%- not enough 2 5

51_75%- enough 6 15

76-100%- very enough 32 80


Figure- 3.10- Students perception of given opportunities for equipment repair during OJT (%)


OJT Students Contribution for equipment repairing work during the OJT training is important for

enhance Training Quality and practical work knowledge as well as can be confidence of the relevant

field. 32 (80%) OJT students have said the given very enough opportunities for engage to equipment

23

repair and they are very satisfied. But 02 (5%) OJT students have emphasized they have not enough

opportunities for given their contribution for real work and they are not satisfied.

Table. 3.19- Students overall satisfaction of OJT training.


Highly satisfied 24 60

satisfied 15 37.5

Average 1 2.5

Not satisfied 0 0

Total 40 100


Figure- 3.11- Students overall satisfaction of OJT training.


Above information is described of overall Students satisfaction of OJT Training. 24 OJT students

have said they are very satisfied with OJT Training and 15 OJT Students are only satisfied. One

Student has no any clarification of OJT Satisfaction.

Figure- 3.20- Difficulties’ face by OJT Students during OJT training.

Yes or not Students Percentage

Yes 1 2.5

No 39 97.5

Total 40 100.0


24

Above tables is described of Difficulties’ face by OJT Students during OJT training. 39 OJT students

have said they have not faced difficulties in OJT Training and only one OJT Student has mentioned

he has faced difficulties in OJT Time.

Table. 3.21- Distribution of student’s perception by clarification time

Students Perception of OJT Time Students Percentage


Enough 17 42.0

Not Enough time for clarification 0 0

Total 40 100


Figure . 3.12- Distribution of student’s perception by clarification time

Above table and figure show Distribution of student’s perception by clarification time. 23 OJT

students have said they are very satisfied with clarification time for clearance problem they faced in

OJT Training. Clarification time given by trainer during their training is very useful for get more

competencies in relevant field.

25

Table. 3.22- Student’s perception by can work together

Students Perception Students Percentage

Highly agree 19 47.5

Agree 20 50

Not Agree 1 2.5

Total 40 100


Above table show Distribution of student’s by their perception about work together. 19 OJT students

have mentioned they are very satisfied and they can be worked together with OJT Training workers

at work place. Which percentage is 47.5%. Only one OJT Students has mentioned he is not

opportunities for work together. Working together is very useful for get more confidence of work

with knowledge sharing.

Table. 3.-23- Student’s perception of work received for the OJT center to get their services per

month.

Students Perception Students Percentage

Very enough 15 37.5

Enough 22 55

Not enough 3 7.5

Total 40 100


Figure. 3.-13 Student’s perception of work received for the OJT center to get their services per

month.


26

Above information show Distribution of Student’s perception of work received for the OJT center to

get their services per month. 37 OJT Students have mentioned the OJT center have received enough

work per month for get theirs service, which percentage is 92.5. But 03 (7.5%) OJT Students

mentioned received work per are not enough.

Table. 3.24- Student’s Ideas for develop OJT

Students Ideas for develop OJT Students Percentage

Provide permanent job opportunities after training 8 20

provide cleanliness and safety workplace 1 2.5

Attract more customers to serve 3 7.5

Need more knowledge from trainer (practical and Theory) 3 7.5

Provide more salary in OJT training 5 12.5

Need more technical knowledge 5 12.5

Provide more time for OJT 6 15

Provide opportunities for foreign gobs after OJT 7 17.5

No idea 2 5


Figure. 3.14- Student’s Ideas for develop OJT


Above table and figure show Student’s Ideas for develop OJT. The majority of OJT Students have

proposed Provide permanent job opportunities after training is most important for develop OJT and it

can be attract OJT Students to OJT center. Which percentage is 20%. And 07 OJT students (17.5%)

27

have proposed Provide opportunities for foreign gobs after OJT is very important. Provide more

salary in OJT training, Need more technical knowledge and Provide more time for OJT are

influencing factors for develop OJT.

Table. 3.27 – Details of Institutions by the number of current Training Students

No of students No. of Institutes Percentage

1 student 8 20

2 students 16 40

3 students 5 12.5

4 students 2 5

5 students 3 7.5

6-10 students 3 7.5

11 or more 3 7.5

Total 40 100


Table. 3. 15– Details of Institutions by the number of current Training Students


Above table has shown the distribution of OJT providing Institutions by the Total number of Current

OJT Students. Total 29 training providers train less than three (03) students, which is 72.5%. Among

them 08 OJT providers train only one student which is 20%. 06 training providers train more than six

(06) students, which is 15%. Among them 03 OJT Centers train more than 11 students.

28

Table. 3.26 – Details of Institutions by their training capacity

No of students No. of Institutes Percentage

1.0 3 7.5

2.0 3 7.5

3.0 2 5

4.0 5 12.5

5 5 12.5

6-10 14 35

11 or more 8 20

Total 40 100


Above table has shown the distribution of OJT providing Institutions by OJT Training capacity. 08

training providers can be trained less than three (03) students, which is 20%. Among them 03 OJT

providers can train only one student which is 7.5%. 22 training providers can train more than six (06)

students, which is 55%. Among them 08 OJT Centers have training capacity for more than 11

students.

Table.3.27- Distribution of Institutions by days per week in OJT

Training Days per week OJT Institutes Percentage

2 Days 1 2.5

5 Days 5 12.5

6 Days 34 85

Total 40 100

Source- Field survey data- 2015

Figure 3.16- Distribution of Institutions by OJT Training days per week

Source- Field survey data- 2015

29

Above figure and table have shown, distribution of OJT Training providing Institutes by Training

days per week. 34 OJT Institutes are conducted their OJT Training for 06 days per week, which

percentage is 85 %. And 5 OJT Institutes are conducted their OJT Training for 05 days per week,

which percentage is 12.5 %. Only one OJT center is provide OJT training 02 days per week.

Providing enough training days for OJT is very helpful for get more knowledge and experience for

Trainees.

Table. 3.28. Distribution of Institutes by OJT students in past 5 years

Amount of Training

Student

Training Institute per year

2015 2014 2013 2012 2011

0. 0 0 0 02 02

1 5 5 10 01 05

2 10 13 06 09 03

3 11 09 04 10 08

4 3 01 03 00 02

5 or more 11 09 09 06 06

No students 0 03 08 12 14

Total 40 40 40 40 40


Figure – 3.17- Distribution of Institutes by OJT students in past 5 years


30

Above table and figure show the Distribution of Institutes by OJT students in past 5 years. In 2011 &

2012, 02 OJT training providers have not trained any students. Majority of OJT center have trained

less than 03 students last five (05) year. 03 OJT Center In 2014, 08 OJT Centers in 2013, 12 OJT

centers in 2012, and 14 OJT centers in year 2011 have not trained any OJT students.

Table.3.29- Details of OJT Providers on the requirement of more students for OJT.

Need more OJT students or not No. of. OJT

Providers

Percentage

No 9 22.5

Yes 31 77.5

Total 40 100


Figure 3.18- Details of OJT Providers on the requirement of more students for OJT.


Above table and figure show the distribution of OJT Providers of their requirement for more students

or not for OJT. Majority of the garages have said that they are in need of more students, which

is77.5% and 09 Garages have said they are not in need of more students for OJT Training which is

22.5%.

31

Table. 3.30- Distribution of OJT Providers by required number of students for OJT (If Yes)

Required Students OJT Providers Percentage

01 student 3 7.5

02 students 6 15

03 Students 4 10

04 Students 4 10

05 Students 4 10

07 Students 2 5

08 Students 2 5

09 or more Students 6 15

Not answered 9 22.5

Total 40 100


Above table show the distribution of OJT Providers by required students for OJT. 06 garages have

requested 02 students for OJT and another 06 garages have requested only one student for OJT. 21

garages out of total responded garages (31) have requested less than 05 students for OJT, which is

52.5%. 09 OJT Providers have not mentioned their OJT Students requirements.

Table. 3.31- Distribution of OJT Providers by voluntary allowance for students during the

Training (per Month)

Allowance Rs. OJT Institute Percentage

0 - 5999 05 12.5

6 000 – 10 999 23 57.5

11 000 – 15 999 01 2.5

16 000 or more 10 25

No answered 01 2.5

Total 40 100


32

Figure- 3.19 - Distribution of OJT Providers by voluntary allowance for students during the

Training (per Month)


Above table and figure show the distribution of OJT Providers by voluntary allowance for students

during the Training per Month, 05 garages (OJT providers) pay between Rs. 00 and Rs. 5999 per

month. And 23 garages pay between Rs. 6000 and Rs. 10 999 per month. 10 OJT Providers pay Rs.

16 000 and above per month which is 25%.

Table. 3.32- Distribution of OJT Providers by capacity of existing facilities

No of Students OJT Providers Percentage

10 or less students 20 50

11- 20 Students 19 47.5

21 – 30 Students 1 2.5

Total 40 100


Above table show the distribution of OJT Providers by their capacity for OJT. 20 OJT Centers have

facilities for less than 10 students, 19 OJT centers have mentioned they have facilities for 11 - 20

students. Only one OJT provider has mentioned they can train more than 21 students with their

existing facilities.

33

Table-3.33- Distribution of OJT Providers by No of customers seeking services per month

No of Customers OJT Centers Percentage

1-20 2 5

21-50 25 62.5

51-100 9 22.5

101-200 3 7.5

Not answered 1 2.5

Total 40 100


Figure- 3.20- Distribution of OJT Providers by No of Customers seeking services per month


Above table and figure explained, Distribution of OJT Providers by No of customers comes to get

their services per month. 02 OJT training providers mentioned less than 20 vehicles have come per

month for get theirs service, which percentage is 05%. And 25 OJT training providers have

mentioned 21-50 customers are come per month for get theirs service which percentage is 62.5%. 13

OJT Providers are provided theirs services for more than 51 customers per months.

34

Table- 3.34- OJT Providers perception of Students

Status

Positive attitudes

of Trainees

Behavior of

Trainees

Attendance of

Trainees

Adequacy Theory

Knowledge of

Trainees

OJT

Provide

rs

Percent

age

OJT

Providers

Percent

age

OJT

Providers

Percent

age

OJT

Provider

s

Percenta

ge

Satisfied 23 57.5 29 72.5 27 67.5 24 60

Not satisfied 17 42.5 11 27.5 13 32.5 16 40

Total 40 100 40 100 40 100 40 100


Figure- 03.21. OJT Providers perception of Students


Above table and figure explained OJT Providers perception of Students. 23 OJT training providers

satisfied Positive attitudes of Trainees which percentage is 57.5% , 13 OJT training providers have

not satisfied Attendance of Trainees which percentage is 32.5%. and 16 OJT Providers are not

satisfied of Theory Knowledge of Trainees which percentage is 40%.

35

Table- 3.35- Distribution of OJT Providers by give permanent job after OJT

Yes or not OJT Providers Percentage

Yes 23 57.5

No 17 42.5

Total 40 100


Above table and figure explained Distribution of OJT Providers by give permanent job after OJT. 23

OJT training providers are concerned provide permanent job for OJT students after OJT in their

Company. And 17 OJT training providers have mentioned they are not recruiting OJT Students for

permanent job of their company.

Table- 3.36- Details of recruitment for permanent job after OJT by Years

No of Students

2015 2014 2013 2012

OJT

Institutes %

OJT

Institutes %

OJT

Institutes %

OJT

Institutes %

One Students 8 20 9 22.5 5 12.5 6 15

Two Students 8 20 11 27.5 6 15 2 5

Three or more

Students 0 0 1 2.5 3 7.5 0 0

Missing 24 60 21 52.5 26 65 32 80

Total 40 100 40 100 40 100 40 100


Figure- 03.22- Details of recruitment for permanent job after OJT by Years


36

Above table and figure explained Distribution of OJT Providers by give permanent job for trainees past

years. Year 2015 16 Institutes have recruited OJT Trainees for permanent job after their training.

Year 2014, 21 OJT Institutes have recruited OJT Trainees as permanent workers in their Institutes.

Which percentage is 48.5%.

37

Conclusions of the study as followers,

• VT Training importance to life is the most effective factor to attract VT students for Ref. &

AC Sector, which is 47.5%. For Friends influence (12.5%), Go for abroad job (10%), Start

SME (12.5%) seem to be of very low effectiveness to enter the OJT which is 25%.

• Majority of OJT Students have been selected their OJT centers through NAITA. Therefore

NAITA is played major role in OJT Training in Srilanka. Which percentage is 70%. Other

factors have given less contribution for select OJT Center.

• 25 students have proposed their appropriate OJT Time duration is 01 year and above, which

percentage is 62.5%. Majority of training students like to get more time for OJT,

• Majority of the OJT training students have good awareness of OJT course outline (content).

i.e. 29 (72.5%) students have less awareness. But 27.5% OJT Students are needed more

awareness of OJT Content.

• 34 OJT students are mentioned NAITA Officer have come for inspection at least one time for

month. Which percentage is 68%.

• 17 (42.5%) students which is the majority are earning between Rs. 5001 and Rs. 10 000 per

month during the OJT. And 4 (10%) students are earning between Rs. 10 001 and Rs. 15 000

per month. And 14 (35%) students are earning Rs. 15 001 or above per month. Only 05

(12.5%) students are earning less than Rs. 5 000 per month which percentage is 12.5%.

• 04 (10%) students are mentioned they have not enough time for OJT.

• All OJT students are satisfied about Theory and Practical Knowledge of OJT Instructors.




opportunities for foreign gobs after OJT is very important.

• Total of 39 OJT students have mentioned that the arrangements of OJT Institutes of their

safety & Sanitary facilities is good which is 97.5%.

• All OJT students have said sufficient equipment and workshop facilities are available in the

OJT Institute.

• 39 OJT students have said they have not faced difficulties in OJT Training

• 37 OJT Students have mentioned the OJT center have received enough work per month for

get theirs service, which percentage is 92.5.



38


opportunities for foreign gobs after OJT is very important. Provide more salary in OJT

training, Need more technical knowledge and Provide more time for OJT are influencing

factors for develop OJT.

• Total 29 training providers train less than three (03) students, which is 72.5%. Among them

08 OJT providers train only one student which is 20%.

• 22 training providers can train more than six (06) students, which is 55%. Among them 08

OJT Centers have training capacity for more than 11 students.

• 34 OJT Institutes are conducted their OJT Training for 06 days per week, which percentage is

85 %.

• Majority of OJT center have trained less than 03 students last five (05) year

• Majority of the garages have said that they are in need of more students, which is77.5%

• 23 garages pay between Rs. 6000 and Rs. 10 999 per month. 10 OJT Providers pay Rs. 16

000 and above per month which is 25%.

• 20 OJT Centers have facilities for less than 10 students, 19 OJT centers have mentioned they

have facilities for 11 - 20 students.

• 25 OJT training providers have mentioned 21-50 customers are come per month for get theirs

service which percentage is 62.5%. 13 OJT Providers are provided theirs services for more

than 51 customers per months.

• 23 OJT training providers satisfied Positive attitudes of Trainees which percentage is 57.5% ,

13 OJT training providers have not satisfied Attendance of Trainees which percentage is

32.5%. and 16 OJT Providers are not satisfied of Theory Knowledge of Trainees which

percentage is 40%.

• 23 OJT training providers are concerned provide permanent job for OJT students after OJT in

their Company.

39

Suggestions

• This survey has identified that Female participation for the Ref & AC sector is very low.

Therefore, study proposes that all VT providers to think of new strategies to attract females

for the sector.

• Adequate awareness of OJT Contents for OJT students as well as OJT providers is very

important to enhance OJT quality. Therefore, it is suggested that both trainees and the

providers be educated on the OJT requirements and give good awareness of OJT course

Contents for all Trainees before start their on the job Training.

• Trainees have proposed more training duration for OJT. (62.5% have proposed 01 years and

above) Further Research is proposed to identify and decide on the suitable duration for OJT.

• The private OJT training institutes are offering more OJT Training opportunities and

therefore, it is suggested to have a more effective mechanism to identify the total

opportunities offered at a given time.

• Many OJT training providers are concerned provide permanent job for OJT students after

OJT in their Company. It is proposed to prepare recruitment system for permanent job after

the OJT training.

• Positive attitudes, good Attendance and Theory Knowledge of Trainees should be more

developed. It is suggested pay appropriate attention of these things in Institutional and OJT

Training.




opportunities for foreign gobs after OJT is very important. It is suggested should be prepared

mechanism for provide permanent job and start self-employments.

40

References

1. P. Panditharatne, S. Wijesundara “A Study on the, Job Satisfaction of Secondary School

Teachers: The Case of Kandy District in Sri Lanka” Department of Education, University of

Peradeniya, Jaffna University International Research Conference (JUICE- 2012).

2. Jan A De Jone and Bert Versloot “Structuring on- the job training: report of multiple case

study” -International Journal of Training and Development 3.3. (ISBN 1360- 3736).

3. Marcel R. van der Klink, Jan N. Streumer, (2002) "Effectiveness of on‐the‐job

training", Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 26 Iss: 2/3/4, pp.196 – 199.

4. “NVQ Implementation by NGO Vocational Training Providers in Sri Lanka Experiences

and lessons learned on the use of employment/income tracer studies” Paper submitted by

WUSC Country Director, Ingrid Knutson, to the Ministry of Youth & Skills Development’s

Technical & Vocational Training Conference in Colombo, Sri Lanka in August 2011.

5. Mehrdad Alipour, Mahdi Salehi (Corresponding author), A Study of on the Job Training

Effectiveness: Empirical Evidence of Iran (international Journal of Business and Management- Vol.4,

November 2009.)

6. Sylvia Scribner and Patricia Sachs A case study for on the job training: Laboratory for

Cognitive Studies of Work the Graduate School and University Center City University of

New York.

7. Junny A. Manglib, “ Performance of Students in the OJT program as perceived by their supervisors of the

cooperating agency”

http://www.academia.edu/4695167/Performance_of_BSIT_Students_in_their_OJT_programme_as

_perceived_by_their_cooperating_supervisor

8. http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/aldi/business-expansion-through-training-and-development/on-

the-job-training.htmlixzz3Y6yVW92Q

study on effectiveness of ojt for refrigeration and air ... · (content). i.e. 29 students have...

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