study on conversion of sand to soil organically

Welcome

1College of Agricultural Sciences

College of Agricultural Sciences 2

Study on Conversion of Sand to Soil Organically

Md. Taher Ullah

ID: 10309011

Program: BSAg

College of Agricultural Sciences

IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology


Introduction of Supervisor and Co-supervisor

(Prof. Dr. Mohammad Ataur Rahman)Supervisor

Faculty,College of Agricultural Sciences


(Prof. Dr. Anil Chandra Basak)Co-supervisor

Faculty,College of Agricultural Sciences



Sequences

• Introduction of Practicum Organization• Mission and Vision of the Organization• Introduction of this Experiment• Objectives of this Experiment• Materials and Methods• Results and Discussions• Recommendation• Conclusion

Practicum Organization


IUBAT- International University of Business Agriculture and Technology


Mission and Vision

The overall mission of IUBAT is human resources development through:1. Appropriate teaching2. Appropriate training and3. Appropriate guidance

This overall vision is being obtained through offering courses and curricula relating to various aspects of knowledge.


Introduction

Soil is the mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids and the myriad of organisms that together support plant life.

It is a natural body that exists as part of the pedosphere.

The soil performs four important functions:1. It is a medium for plant growth,2. It is a means of water storage, supply

and purification,3. It is a modifier of the atmosphere and4. It is a habitat for organisms.


Cont’d

Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles.

Sand is defined by size, being finer than gravel and coarser than silt.

Sand can also refer to a textural class of soil or soil type; i.e. a soil containing more than 85% sand-sized particles (by mass).


Objectives

To find out soil organic matter by drying method.

To find out which zone is the fastest of converting sand into soil.

To analyze soil organic matter into percentage.


MATERIALSAND

METHODS


Experimental Site

Figure: Permaculture Field

During period: September 2014 to December 2014

Place: IUBAT Agriculture Research Field


Geographical Location

The experimental area is situated at 23°77´ N latitude and’ 90°33´ E longitude at an altitude of 8.6 meter above the sea level (Anon. 2004).

The experimental field belongs to the Agro-ecological zone.

Experimental Design

Permaculture is a branch of ecological design, ecological engineering, environmental design, construction and integrated water resources management that develops sustainable architecture, regenerative and self-maintained habitat and agricultural systems modeled from natural ecosystems.


Physical Properties of Soils

The physical properties of soil in order to decreasing importance are:

Texture,Structure,Density,Porosity,Consistency,Temperature,Color andResistivity.

Generalized Influence of Soil Texture Separates on Some Properties/Behavior of Soils

Property/behavior Sand Silt Clay

Water-holding capacity Low Medium to high High

Aeration Good Medium Poor

Drainage rate High Slow to medium Very slow

Soil organic matter level Low Medium to high High to medium

Decomposition of organic matter Rapid Medium Slow

Warm-up in spring Rapid Moderate SlowCompactability Low Medium High

Susceptibility to wind erosion Moderate (High if fine sand) High Low

Susceptibility to water erosion Low (unless fine sand) High Low if aggregated,

otherwise highShrink/Swell Potential Very Low Low Moderate to very high

Sealing of ponds, dams, and landfills Poor Poor Good

Suitability for tillage after rain Good Medium Poor

Pollutant leaching potential High Medium Low (unless cracked)

Ability to store plant nutrients Poor Medium to High High

Resistance to pH change Low Medium High


Soil Forming ProcessesSoil formation or pedogenesis is the combined effect of physical, chemical, biological and anthropogenic processes working on soil parent material.

Soil is said to be formed when organic matter has accumulated and colloids are washed downward, leaving deposits of clay, humus, iron oxide, carbonate and gypsum producing a distinct layer called the B horizon.

These constituents are moved from one level to another by water and animal activity.

The alteration and movement of materials within a soil causes the formation of distinctive soil horizons.



Composition of Soil Particles

Soil particles can be classified by their chemical composition (mineralogy) as well as their size.

The particle size distribution of a soil, its texture, determines many of the properties of that soil.

The mineralogy of those particles can strongly modify those properties.

The mineralogy of the finest soil particles clay is especially important.


Soil Water

Water affects soil formation, structure, stability and erosion but is of primary concern with respect to plant growth. Water is essential to plants for four reasons:

1. It constitutes 80%-95% of the plant's protoplasm.2. It is essential for photosynthesis.3. It is the solvent in which nutrients are carried to, into and

throughout the plant.4. It provides the turgidity by which the plant keeps itself in proper

position.


Organic Matter

Organic matter is a matter that composed of organic compounds what comes from the remain organisms such as plants and animals and their waste products in the environment.

Basic structures are created from cellulose, tannin, cutin and lignin, along with other various proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.

It is very important to the movement of nutrients in the environment and plays a role in water retention on the surface of the planet.


Soil Organic Matter

Soil organic matter is made up of organic compounds and includes plant, animal and microbial material, both living and dead.

A typical soil has a biomass composition of 70% microorganisms, 22% macrofauna and 8% roots.

The living component of an acre of soil may include 900 lb of earthworms, 2400 lb of fungi, 1500 lb of bacteria, 133 lb of protozoa and 890 lb of arthropods and algae.

Planting Materials

Planted some plants and crops to the field and cultivate those

plants and crops.



WateringWater was giving at two times first in the morning and second in the afternoon.

Watering to the growing crops and grasses to convert sandy-soil into fertile-soil.


Soil CollectionAll soil samples were collected from three zones of the IUBAT Agriculture Research Field.

Total 9 inches soil sample was collected from three layers.

Every layers are 3 inches deep and amount is 25gm.

Total 9 soil samples was collected from the field.

Zone A Zone B Zone C


Soil Samples

Figure: 9 soil samples

There has 9 soil samples, whose have collected from three zones “A” “B” and “C”.

Zone “A” = A1, A2 and A3Zone “B” = B1, B2 and B3Zone “C” = C1, C2 and C3


Measuring All Samples

25gm Soil sample have taken from each layer and all samples were measured by the balance machine.


Soil Drying

All samples are drying into the Oven at three times, first time 120º C, second time 210º C and third time 350º C.

All durations of drying processes are same about 2hrs and 30mins.


Data Collection

Everyday we have observed our field and our field soil development.


RESULTSAND

DISCUSSION


25gm of each soil sample were taken and dried into 120ºC, 210ºC and 350ºC temperature inside an oven. And then all samples weights were collected and wrote it down. 25gm soil weight is going down.

All results are showing below:

SampleF0

(gm)F1

(gm)F2

(gm)F3

(gm)X

(gm)Y

(gm)Z

(gm)

A1 25 19.28 19.18 19.02 5.72 5.82 5.98

A2 25 19.16 19.14 18.92 5.84 5.86 6.08

A3 25 23.1 23.06 23.04 1.9 1.94 1.96

B1 25 21.28 21.16 21.06 3.72 3.84 3.94

B2 25 23.06 22.96 22.94 1.94 2.04 2.06

B3 25 23.22 23.1 23.04 1.78 1.9 1.96

C1 25 22.54 22.44 22.26 2.46 2.56 2.74

C2 25 23.56 23.44 23.38 1.44 1.56 1.62

C3 25 24 23.98 23.9 1 1.02 1.1


Cont’dWhere:

F0 = Normal weight of a sampleF1 = Weight after drying into 120ºC of a sampleF2 = Weight after drying into 210ºC of a sampleF3 = Weight after drying into 350ºC of a sampleX = Difference between normal weight and drying weight into 120ºC of a sampleY = Difference between normal weight and drying weight into 210ºC of a sampleZ = Difference between normal weight and drying weight into 350ºC of a sample


Calculation of Soil Organic Matter by Drying Method

Sample A1, is upper layer of soil sample which taken from the “A” zone,A1 = [{(F1 – F3) ÷ F3} × 100]A1 = [{(19.28 – 19.02) ÷ 19.02}gm × 100] = 1.367 %So, 1.367% organic matter is available in “Sample A1”.

Sample A2, is middle layer of soil sample which taken from the “A” zone,A2 = [{(F1 – F3) ÷ F3} × 100]A2 = [{(19.16 – 18.92) ÷ 18.92}gm × 100] = 1.268 %So, 1.268% organic matter is available in “Sample A2”.

Sample A3, is lower layer of soil sample which taken from the “A” zone,A3= [{(F1 – F3) ÷ F3} × 100]A3 = [{(23.10 – 23.04) ÷ 23.04}gm × 100] = 0.261 %So, 0.261% organic matter is available in “Sample A3”.


Cont’dSample B1, is upper layer of soil sample which taken from the “B” zone,

B1= [{(F1 – F3) ÷ F3} × 100]B1 = [{(21.28 – 21.06) ÷ 21.06}gm × 100] = 1.045 %So, 1.045% organic matter is available in “Sample B1”.

Sample B2, is middle layer of soil sample which taken from the “B” zone,B2= [{(F1 – F3) ÷ F3} × 100]B2 = [{(23.06 – 22.94) ÷ 22.94}gm × 100] = 0.523 %So, 0.523% organic matter is available in “Sample B2”.

Sample B3, is lower layer of soil sample which taken from the “B” zone,B3= [{(F1 – F3) ÷ F3} × 100]B3 = [{(23.22 – 23.04) ÷ 23.04}gm × 100] = 0.781 %So, 0.781% organic matter is available in “Sample B3”.


Cont’dSample C1, is upper layer of soil sample which taken from the “C” zone,

C1= [{(F1 – F3) ÷ F3} × 100]C1 = [{(22.54 – 22.26) ÷ 22.26}gm × 100] = 1.258 %So, 1.258% organic matter is available in “Sample C1”.

Sample C2, is middle layer of soil sample which taken from the “C” zone,C2= [{(F1 – F3) ÷ F3} × 100]C2 = [{(23.56 – 23.38) ÷ 23.38}gm × 100] = 0.769 %So, 0.769% organic matter is available in “Sample C2”.

Sample C3, is lower layer of soil sample which taken from the “C” zone,C3= [{(F1 – F3) ÷ F3} × 100]C3 = [{(24.00 – 23.90) ÷ 23.90}gm × 100] = 0.418 %So, 0.418% organic matter is available in “Sample C3”.


Cont’dWhere:

A1 = Upper 3 inches layer soil sample of zone AA2 = Middle 3 inches layer soil sample of zone AA3 = Lower 3 inches layer soil sample of zone AB1 = Upper 3 inches layer soil sample of zone BB2 = Middle 3 inches layer soil sample of zone BB3 = Lower 3 inches layer soil sample of zone BC1 = Upper 3 inches layer soil sample of zone CC2 = Middle 3 inches layer soil sample of zone CC3 = Lower 3 inches layer soil sample of zone CF1 = Weight after drying into 120ºC of a sampleF2 = Weight after drying into 210ºC of a sampleF3 = Weight after drying into 350ºC of a sampleX = difference between normal weight and drying weight into 120ºC of a sampleY = difference between normal weight and drying weight into 210ºC of a sampleZ = difference between normal weight and drying weight into 350ºC of a sample


Percentages of upper layer soil organic matter

A1 B1 C10.00%

0.20%

0.40%

0.60%

0.80%

1.00%

1.20%

1.40%

1.60%

1.37%

1.05%

1.26%

Upper Layer Samples

Per

cen

tage

og

Org

anic

Mat

ter


A2 B2 C20.00%

0.20%

0.40%

0.60%

0.80%

1.00%

1.20%

1.40%1.27%

0.52%

0.77%

Middle Layer Samples

Per

cen

tage

og

Org

anic

Mat

ter

Percentages of middle layer soil organic matter


A3 B3 C30.00%

0.10%

0.20%

0.30%

0.40%

0.50%

0.60%

0.70%

0.80%

0.90%

0.26%

0.78%

0.42%

Lower Layer Samples

Per

cen

tage

og

Org

anic

Mat

ter

Percentages of lower layer soil organic matter


Difference of layer organic matter percentages

A1 A2 A3 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C30.00%

0.20%

0.40%

0.60%

0.80%

1.00%

1.20%

1.40%

1.60%

1.37%

1.05%

1.26%1.27%

0.52%

0.77%

0.26%

0.78%

0.42%

UpperMiddleLower

Soil Samples

Per

cent

age

of O

rgan

ic M

atte

r


Finally, I have found organic matter of the soil from the experimental field.I have found zone A is more developed zone than other zones by this experiment.

38%

31%

32%

Total Percentage of Organic Matter

A B C

A= Zone AB= Zone BC= Zone C


Recommendation

No need to use chemical fertilizer for converting sand into soil.

Grow up all grasses to the field/plot.

Water is very much essential for converting and developing sand into soil.

Weeding method is no needed to conversion of sand into soil.

“Conversion of sand to soil organically” is a very slow process.

It is an environmental process and it has no side effect.


Conclusion

The experiment was conducted to the conversion of sand to soil organically in our IUBAT Agriculture research field with the help of Prof. Dr. Ataur Rahman and Prof . Dr. Anil Chandra Basak, Faculties of College of Agricultural Sciences.


Thank You All

study on conversion of sand to soil organically

Environment

agricultural systems

introduction soil

soil organic matter

soil type

introduction of supervisor

overall mission of iubat

textural class of soil

organization introduction